Law and Experiment in Psychology

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Major Task ◽  
Copernican Revolution ◽  
Concrete Objects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Specific Discipline ◽  
Observational Science ◽  
Mathematics And Physics ◽  
The Way

The Copernican revolution with which Kant transformed the question of whether knowledge is possible into the query as to how knowledge is possible, constitutes one stage in the development of epistemology from a speculative to an observational science — i.e., one that proceeds from the investigation of concrete, existent objects rather than from a small number of presupposed concepts. This path, leading from speculation to examination of the concrete objects of research — for epistemology, to the investigation of the various individual sciences — is long and arduous, and even now it has been traversed only a small part of the way. Although epistemological research has for a long time had some relation to mathematics and physics, and a more concrete exploration of biology and the humanities has recently been launched as well, we undoubtedly still stand at the very beginning of this enterprise. One major task for the epistemological inquiry into a specific discipline is bound up with tracing the course of development of that science — in particular, the radical shifts and readjustments in a science that promise to furnish the epistemologist with valuable information. Seen from this angle, psychology also currently deserves the special attention of epistemology.

The Logical Square and the Table of Oppositions

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 400-416
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kienzler
Keyword(s):  
Reduced Form ◽  
Square Of Opposition ◽  
Logical Square ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Square Of Opposition ◽  
The Way

The way Frege presented the Square of Opposition in a reduced form in 1879 and 1910 can be used to develop two distinct versions of the square: The traditional square that displays inferences and a “Table of Oppositions” displaying variations of negation. This Table of Oppositions can be further simplified and thus be made more symmetrical. A brief survey of versions of the square from Aristotle to the present shows how both aspects of the square have coexisted for a very long time without ever being properly distinguished.

The Beginnings of the Cult of Relics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Hidden Knowledge ◽  
Physical Diseases ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Way

Christians always admired and venerated martyrs who died for their faith, but for a long time thought that the bodies of martyrs should remain undisturbed in their graves. Initially, the Christian attitude toward the bones of the dead, whether a saint’s or not, was that of respectful distance. This book tells how, in the mid-fourth century, this attitude started to change, swiftly and dramatically. The first chapters show the rise of new beliefs. They study how, when, and why Christians began to believe in the power of relics, first, over demons, then over physical diseases and enemies; how they sought to reveal hidden knowledge at the tombs of saints and why they buried the dead close to them. An essential element of this new belief was a strong conviction that the power of relics was transferred in a physical way and so subsequent chapters study relics as material objects. The book seeks to show what the contact with relics looked like and how close it was. Did people touch, kiss, or look at the very bones, or just at reliquaries which contained them? When did the custom of dividing relics appear? Finally, the book deals with discussions and polemics concerning relics and tries to find out how strong was the opposition which this new phenomenon had to face, both within and outside Christianity on the way to relics becoming an essential element of medieval religiosity.

The Pre-Socratic World-Picture

1952 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. C. Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Religious Thought ◽  
World Picture ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Way

I recently became aware that I had for a long time entertained certain preconceptions about the way in which Presocratic thinkers saw the world, without ever having seriously considered the evidence on which my belief was based. This I have now tried to do, with the results which are set forth in this paper. Since in any case it will deal, in a fairly general way, with problems concerning the interaction of philosophical and religious thought in early Greece, I hope it will have a certain interest, whether or not its readers agree with the thesis put forward. The perennial fascination of that topic has been enhanced in recent years by the discussion provoked by Werner Jaeger's book on The Theology of the Early Greek Philosophers, from which I take this sentence as a kind of text for my own reflections: “Though philosophy means death to the old gods, it is itself religion.”

scholarly journals Sistem Informasi Sekolah Berbasis Web

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Eka Puspita Sari ◽  
Asri Wahyuni ◽  
Narti Narti
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Data Input ◽  
Paper Sheet ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Word Wide Web ◽  
Long Time ◽  
System Information ◽  
Academic Information ◽  
The Way

Abstract: A system of data input and the grade of students who still use manual way namely by filling form of data on student and the grades of students in the form of paper sheet done by administration and teacher. Besides needed a place the immense storage, to find files need a require a long time, because that is the way are considered less effective. Websites is information in word wide web stored in different file as a page web. Academic information system web-based can manage academic information with more effective. The software used for develop information system web is PHP and MySQL for databases. Keywords : Php, MySQL, System, Information, Education

scholarly journals Social Networks, a Populated Picture

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. C04
Author(s):  
Fabio Fornasari
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
The Way

Man, by his very nature, puts things between himself and the environment, turning the latter into a place, a space. He arranges the environment around him on multiple levels, by projecting parts of himself and shaping the frontiers and the horizons that surround, define and represent him. This was learnt a long time ago, but a trace and a memory remain in the way man acts: when mapping reality (both physical reality and the reality explored through digital means), we observe it and find a way through it by adopting behaviours that have always been similar. What has changed in this mapping is the ability to recognise, especially the ability to interpret maps and creatively work them.

IS ERROR FRAUD?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. A64-A64
Author(s):  
J. F. L.
Keyword(s):  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Bad Faith ◽  
Real Science ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Witch Hunts ◽  
First Time ◽  
Published Research ◽  
The Way

Prof. David Baltimore of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is under attack by Representative John Dingell of Michigan. Why should anyone outside of the Government or basic biomedical research care? Dr. Baltimore's reputation is at stake, but the rest of us will be affected by the outcome of these investigations as well. What has come under a legislative cloud for the first time in a very long time, perhaps ever in this country, is the legitimacy of the scientific method itself. This is an immediate and serious threat to science and medicine. The N.I.H. will have the last word on Dr. Baltimore's published research. But as I understand the Congressman's case, it is that published science must be free of error, and that error itself indicates bad faith and fraudulent intent. This is wrong. Published error is at the heart of any real science. We scientists love to do experiments that show our colleagues to be wrong and, if they are any good, they love to show us to be wrong in turn. By this adversarial process, science reveals the way nature actually works. If we as a country make science a field for only those who enjoy a good lawsuit, we will have shut the door on our future as a technologically serious nation. Clearly Congress cannot wish to do this. I would welcome a Congressional initiative to deal with fraud as such, but I fear that the way Dr. Baltimore is being treated means that witch-hunts are in the offing.

Competing Discourses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kátia da Costa Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Social Policies ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Inside Out ◽  
The Way

The chapter focuses on the way museums, historical areas, and iconic architecture become a key asset in the promotion of an urban identity and branding. The chapter examines the various facets of the Wonder Port project and its consequence for local residents. It studies more specifically the key role played by art in the production of conflicting and sometimes contradictory spatial imaginaries. The chapter shows the tensions between Rio Art Museum’s architecture and exhibits and community-based social and cultural projects such as Morrinho (Little Hill) and the Inside Out Morro da Providência project. It illustrates how top-down market-oriented social policies of displacement of long-time residents are put into question by favela-based cultural producers.

Aesthetics in Stoicism and Stoicism in Aesthetics

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-191
Author(s):  
Aistė Čelkytė
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Aesthetic Properties ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way ◽  
Medical Writings

The Stoic definition of beauty and the way in which beauty vocabulary is used in various arguments are remarkably consistent. This coherence suggests that the Stoic engagement with this area of philosophy must have been thorough and substantial. The chapter also presents a discussion of various prominent beauty theories in antiquity and compares them with the Stoic views. The figures discussed include Polycleitus, Vitruvius, Philolaus of Croton, Plato, Aristotle. The comparisons show that the Stoic definition of beauty as summetria was a distinct theory that accounted for aesthetic properties in reductive terms, that is, as a functional structure. It rivalled the Platonic accounts in which Forms played the central role. Plotinus’ attack on Stoicism shows that this rivalry lasted for a long time, and that while Platonism dominated the philosophical scene in late antiquity, Stoic views survived in other contexts. An analysis of the account of beauty found in the medical writings of Galen is used to support this claim.

scholarly journals Supernovae as a Cosmological Tool

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 227-229
Author(s):  
Virginia Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Evolution Of Structure ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Way

Cosmology can mean many different things to different people. Sandage (1970) once described it as “the search for two numbers” (Ho and qo). At the other end of the spectrum, it may comprise almost all the interesting bits of astronomy and physics that bear on how the universe got to be the way it is. Supernovae can probe many of these bits because they are bright, have been going on for a long time, and contribute directly to the chemical and, perhaps, dynamical evolution of structure in the universe.

Ideas and statistics

1953 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 189-208
Author(s):  
F. M. Redington
Keyword(s):  
Title I ◽  
Considerable Difficulty ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Technical Sense ◽  
The Way ◽  
What Matters

I have long wanted to give vent to the thoughts in this talk and therefore I should start by saying ‘Thank you’ for providing me with an audience. Although the broad ideas have been in my mind for a long time, when it came to the point I had considerable difficulty in deciding just what to say and particularly in choosing a suitable title. I am far from satisfied with the somewhat pretentious name with which I have christened the infant, but it does I hope convey the thought that although I shall be talking about statistics—a fact which may or may not be an attraction and was therefore better not concealed—it will not be in a detailed technical sense. Indeed one of my first duties must be to disavow, not only any desire but any considerable ability to expound on statistics in detail.I have reached the age in life when I begin to gain much comfort from the thought that what matters is not the facts you know but the way you think. It is a comforting thought when you have forgotten most of the facts.

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