scholarly journals Blood purity and scientific independence: blood science and postcolonial struggles in Korea, 1926–1975

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-260
Author(s):  
Jaehwan Hyun
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
World War ◽  
Japanese Colonialism ◽  
Racial Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prewar Period ◽  
The 1960S

ArgumentAfter World War II, blood groups became a symbol of anti-racial science. This paper aims to shed new light on the post-WWII history of blood groups and race, illuminating the postcolonial revitalization of racial serology in South Korea. In the prewar period, Japanese serologists developed a serological anthropology of Koreans in tandem with Japanese colonialism. The pioneering Korean hematologist Yi Samyŏl (1926–2015), inspired by decolonization movements during the 1960s, excavated and appropriated colonial serological anthropology to prove Koreans as biologically independent from the Japanese. However, his racial serology of Koreans shared colonial racism with Japanese anthropology, despite his anti-colonial nationalism.

Family and Childhood

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L. King
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Childhood And Youth ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Annales School

Scholars largely neglected the history of the family until after World War II, when they began to employ theoretical perspectives imported from the social sciences. In the 1960s, two principal figures triggered its study: Philippe Ariès, associated with the French Annales school, and Peter Laslett, cofounder at Cambridge University, England, of the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure. Since that period, studies have proliferated on the history of family and household in Europe and its subregions and on the related topics of childhood and youth.

The wartime narrative in US sociology, 1940–1947

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Warfield Rawls
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Action ◽  
World War ◽  
Disciplinary History ◽  
Scientific Status ◽  
War Effort ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

This is an article about the history of US sociology with systematic intent. It goes back to World War II to recover a wartime narrative context through which sociologists formulated a ‘trauma’ to the discipline and ‘blamed’ qualitative and values-oriented research for damaging the scientific status of sociology. This narrative documents a discussion of the changes that sociologists said needed to be made in sociology as a science to repair its status and reputation. While debates among sociologists about theory and method had always been contentious, the wartime narrative insisted for the first time that sociology be immediately unified around quantitative approaches. The narrative of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ science that developed during the war not only undermined the efforts of social interactionists to theorize social action and social justice, but also derailed Parsons’ pre-war effort to bridge differences. The moral coding that is the legacy of the narrative stigmatized important approaches to sociology, leading to a ‘crisis’ in the 1960s that still haunts the discipline. Disciplinary history has overlooked the wartime narrative with the result that the role played by World War II in effecting this crisis has gone unrecognized.

scholarly journals Kina na Dolnym Śląsku: rekonesans historyczny

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (35) ◽  
pp. 129-145
Author(s):  
Andrzej Dębski Andrzej Dębski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The Internet ◽  
World War ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Database ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Mass Entertainment ◽  
Lower Silesia

The highest level of cinema attendance in Lower Silesia after World War II was recorded in 1957. It was higher than before the war and lower than during the war. In the years that followed it steadily declined, influenced by global processes, especially the popularity of television. This leads us to reflect on the continuity of historical and film processes, and to look at the period from the 1920s to the 1960s as the ‘classical’ period in the history of cinema, when it was the main branch of mass entertainment. The examples of three Lower Silesian cities of different size classes (Wroclaw, Jelenia Gora, Strzelin) show how before World War II the development from ‘the store cinema [or the kintopp] to the cinema palace’ proceeded. Attention is also drawn to the issue of the destruction of cinematic infrastructure and its post-war reconstruction. In 1958 the press commented that ‘if someone produced a map with the towns marked in which cinemas were located, the number would increase as one moved westwards’. This was due to Polish (post-war) and German (pre-war) cinema building. The discussion closes with a description of the Internet Historical Database of Cinemas in Lower Silesia, which collects data on cinemas that once operated or are now operating in the region.

scholarly journals History of prostheses and orthoses in Japan

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Takechi
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
World War ◽  
Rehabilitation System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch Language ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Contact ◽  
European Civilization

Until the first contact with European civilization in 1543, prostheses and orthoses were not seen in Japanese medical history. Some physicians and surgeons who studied medicine in the Dutch language understood about prostheses and orthoses before the opening of the country in 1868. From 1868 to the end of World War II (1945), prostheses and orthoses were influenced by German orthopaedic surgery. From the latter half of the 1960s the research and development of these have been advanced, because of the establishment of a domestic rehabilitation system, international cultural exchange and economic development.

Foreign Direct Investment in China’s Electrification: Between Colonialism and Nationalism, 1882–1952

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
CHENXIAO XIA
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
World War ◽  
Japanese Colonialism ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective

This article traces the history of foreign direct investment in China’s electricity industry from 1882 to 1952 through the conflict between colonialism and nationalism. China’s electrification started with foreign direct investment in colonial enclaves: settlements, annexed territories, and leaseholds. Foreign direct investment contributed the majority of China’s power supply, but the penetration to China’s hinterland had faced the hurdle of nationalism on the part of both the Chinese government and the business community. Exceptions in Taiwan and Manchuria were related to Japanese colonialism, which peaked during the Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). After World War II, domestication was implemented by the Chinese government. This article provides a new perspective on multinationals by delineating between inward and expatriate foreign direct investment in the Chinese context.

scholarly journals Coastal Tourism Destinations in West Bengal: Historical Background and Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
Anirban Baitalik ◽  
Sankar Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
World War ◽  
Coastal Tourism ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
The 1960S

Coastal tourism has become a major facet of modern life. Further, tourism development in the coastal zone has become a constant since the end of World War II. Coastal tourism is a process involving tourists and the people and places they visit, particularly the coastal environment and its natural and cultural resources. Most coastal tourism takes place along the shore and in the water immediately adjacent to the shoreline. In India Goa, Kerala, Karnataka were emerged spontaneously as a coastal tourism destination in the 1960s, its unique selling points being its natural coastal beauty. But the history of coastal tourism is not very old in West Bengal. The coastal stretch of West Bengal with a length of about 350 kilometer comprises the two districts- Purba Medinipur and Dakshin Chabbisparagana. In West Bengal there are many popular coastal tourism destinations, but coastal tourism in West Bengal started in 1980s. Present study focuses on historical background and development of the coastal tourism destinations in West Bengal.Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-3: 267-272 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i3.12910 

scholarly journals Moralities of Consumption in Poland across the Short Twentieth Century

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (02) ◽  
pp. 393-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Mazurek
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Family Centered ◽  
Deep Crisis

Participating in the broader history of consumer mobilization for egalitarian regimes of consumption, this article unpacks the shifting meanings of egalitarian moralities of consumption in the specific case of Poland across the twentieth century. It reveals how important the role of social justice would become in attempts to impose state-centered social welfare over profit-oriented self-welfare between the interwar period and the demise of Communism. During this time, the meaning of profiteering changed significantly. While food conflicts during the interwar period and World War II were organized predominantly along ethnic lines, by the beginning of the postwar era, the notion of the profit-oriented middleman relied on the category of class as well as ethnicity to support a vision of Poland as a Communist, ethnically homogenized nation-state. In the 1950s and the 1960s, anti-profiteering rhetoric became increasingly gendered, as the food conflicts moved from an ideological crusade against private trade to everyday confrontations between the consumers and female shop assistants. When the Soviet Bloc ran into deep crisis in the 1970s and 1980s, self-welfare and family-centered resourcefulness resurfaced as legitimate norms of distributive justice, which contributed to dismantling the Socialist welfare state altogether.

Controlling Consumption

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Patmore ◽  
Nikola Balnave
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Standards ◽  
New Wave ◽  
World War ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Consumer Cooperatives

The Rochdale consumer cooperative movements in Australia and the United States, while weak by international standards, have played a significant role in increasing the power of many consumers over the price, quality, and quantity of consumer goods. There have been peaks and troughs in the history of these co-ops for a variety of reasons including inflation, social unrest, competition from private retailers, the level of labor movement and state support, and the influence of immigrant groups. Prior to the end of World War II, Rochdale consumer cooperatives in both countries fluctuated in strength, but they declined in the postwar period with spectacular collapses during the 1980s. Since the 1960s, protest movements have encouraged a new wave of local food cooperatives, particularly in the United States.

Canada

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Sugars
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
English Language ◽  
World War ◽  
Sexual Freedom ◽  
Counter Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Massey Commission

This chapter examines the history of the English-language novel in Canada since 1950. It first considers how the promotion of Canadian cultural identity and attempts to articulate a distinctly Canadian social ethos became increasingly mobilized in the decades following World War II. It then discusses the newfound optimism about the future of Canadian literature and culture that flourished following the Massey Commission initiatives, as well as Canadian novels published during the 1960s and 1970s — a period regarded as a time of social emancipation, sexual freedom, and counter-culture revolution. It also explores developments in the 1980s and 1990s and during the period 2000–2015, citing a number of important novels published in these years, including Ann-Marie MacDonald's Fall on Your Knees (1996), Austin Clarke's The Polished Hoe (2002), Dionne Brand’s What We All Long For (2005), and David Chariandy's Soucouyant (2007).

Archives and History in The Gambia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bala Saho
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
World War ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Study And Teaching ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Postcolonial History

The Gambian archives, established in the 1960s, have rich and valuable resources for deeper study and teaching of the history of The Gambia and the subregion. The collections are representative of a substantial amount of The Gambia’s precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial history on a range of subjects, including settlement patterns, migration, family histories, folktales, myths, legends, proverbs, songs, religion, early colonial trading in The Gambia, histories of the ethnic groups and their cultural ceremonies, history of individuals, nationalists politicians, postcolonial political parties, and World War II. Although these sources can be valuable to students, international researchers, and specialists, there is a great need for their care and maintenance.

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