SYNCHRONOUS AND DIACHRONIC LANGUAGE RESEARCH (ORIGINS, DIFFERENTIATION, DEVELOPMENT)

The article is devoted to the analysis and description of the formation of diachronic and synchronic linguistics. The birth and formation of the science of language from the standpoint of its synchronicity and diachrony was of great importance for the development of linguistics at the end of the 19th century. and in the 20th century. Starting from Wilhelm von Humboldt and Ferdinand de Saussure, the examination of language in statics and dynamics (language and speech) is intertwined with the study of language in diachronic and synchronic aspects. In modern linguistics, both theoretically and practically in this regard, all written languages have been investigated, therefore the science of language gives an idea of all languages, but with varying degrees of research, primarily of the diachronic aspect.In terms of synchronicity, modern languages have been studied quite deeply and widely, which is confirmed by textbooks and other teaching materials for their study and teaching. In the process of writing the article, methods such as the method of theoretical analysis, the method of linguistic analysis, and the comparative method were used.

Towards defining and advancing ‘Made in Africa Evaluation’

Background: Most evaluation in Africa is rooted in dominant neoliberal Western approaches. Imported Western evaluation frames may lack multicultural validity and can lead to wrong conclusions and poor development outcomes. They may also reinforce subjugation and cultural hegemony through neo-imperialism and colonisation of the imaginations of those concerned. The Made in Africa Evaluation (MAE) concept has received attention in recent years as a way to address this challenge. As a relatively nascent construct, however, interested scholars and professionals continue to seek to define and operationalise MAE more effectively.Objective: The objective of this study is to provide a working definition of MAE.Methods: We used the Delphi technique to solicit informed views from expert evaluators working in Africa. We interviewed two additional experts to triangulate and test the validity of those findings. We also tested the Delphi derived definition of MAE through the analysis of six illustrative evaluation reports. Finally, we asked the same panel of experts to complete a survey aimed at clarifying next key steps to advance the construct.Results: The results of our efforts to elucidate a concise definition of MAE yielded the following definition: Evaluation that is conducted based on African Evaluation Association (AfrEA) standards, using localised methods or approaches with the aim of aligning all evaluations to the lifestyles and needs of affected African peoples whilst also promoting African values.Conclusion: We posit that this working definition, however tentative, has the potential to influence the practice, study, and teaching of evaluation in Africa.

SOLUTION OF ONE TASK BY DIFFERENT OPTIONS

Our research is based on the idea that problem solving is a core activity in the study and teaching of mathematics. The traditional curriculum recommended solving problems in one way with one answer. However, at the present time, they began to talk about the need to learn the skills of solving problems in many ways with many answers and to choose the most rational one. Therefore, as part of the Creative Thinking course, we organized the independent activities of student teachers who think in different ways, and conducted research on the development of their problem solving skills over several semesters of the academic year. As a result, they found their own ways to independently solve problems, and as a result of the interchange of ways to solve problems between students and teachers, they were able to complete 26 variants of the same problem. By this we tried to emphasize the importance of solving problems using different methods.

LEARNING KNOWLEDGE OF TEACHERS OF MATHEMATICS TO EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THEORETICAL ADVICE AND SCHOOL PRACTICE WITH THE HELP OF LINKING ASSIGNMENTS

This research is based on the theory that mathematical connections are established by solving problems in different ways in the study and teaching of mathematics. Based on one-on-one interviews with 12 secondary school teachers in Mongolia and two group meetings, we showed that the difference between theoretical advice and school practice in a multitasking environment depends on the basic quality of the teachers’ knowledge. A complex relationship has been revealed between different types of teachers’ knowledge.

Dante in the Chinese context: Translation, study and teaching

The rise and revival of Dante since his introduction into China over a century ago has been a complex process, marked by two highpoints: the first in the 1920s and 30 s, with early interest in Dante’s significance as an historical figure and translation of his works into Chinese; and the second, a reprise of his work in the post-Mao reform period from the 1990s on, with the advent of serious translation projects and literary analysis from a Chinese perspective. This article examines the translation, research, and teaching of Dante and his works in China during two periods, 1880–1978 and 1979–2020, and provides a window into how Dante has been read and understood in China since the introduction of his oeuvre.

Development of Platform Independent Mobile Learning Tool in Saudi Universities

The term “mobile learning” (or “m-learning”) refers to using handheld phones to learn and wireless computing as a learning tool and connectivity technology. This paper presents and explores the latest mobile platform for teaching and studying programming basics. The M-Learning tool was created using a platform-independent approach to target the largest available number of learners while reducing development and maintenance time and effort. Since the code is completely shared across mobile devices (iOS, Android, and Windows Phone), students can use any smartphone to access the app. To make the programme responsive, scalable, and dynamic, and to provide students with personalised guidance, the core application is based on an analysis design development implementation and assessment (ADDIE) model implemented in the Xamarin framework. The application’s key features are depicted in a prototype. An experiment is carried out on BS students at a university to evaluate the efficacy of the generated application. A usefulness questionnaire is administered to an experimental community in order to determine students’ expectations of the developed mobile application’s usability. The findings of the experiment show that the application is considerably more successful than conventional learning in developing students’ online knowledge assessment abilities, with an impact size of 1.96. The findings add to the existing mobile learning literature by defining usability assessment features and offering a basis for designing platform-independent m-learning applications. The current findings are explored in terms of their implications for study and teaching practice.

TELEMENTORING IN TIMES OF COVID-19 FOR TRAINING IN GENERAL SURGERY

INTRODUCTION Telemedicine applied to surgery is called telementorization (TM). It allows remote assistance by expert surgeons to others with less experience in certain techniques, thus guaranteeing learning that overcomes the barriers of time and location without being associated with a higher rate of complications. The objective is to publicize the use of this type of technology in our surgical department, particularly needed with the current restrictions. MATERIAL AND METHODS In our center, the Proximie platform (www.proximie.com) is used as a tool for TM. It allows to remotely broadcast live procedures performed by expert surgeons, as well as to create a virtual library of our own procedures that can be used as study and teaching tool by residents. This platform transmits not only bidirectional image and sound, but it also allows the active participation of a remote assistant with interactive features that are projected directly on the screen of the local surgeon. RESULTS The Proximie platform is being used frequently (and more intensively during this time of greatest restrictions) in advanced colorectal surgeries, with TM by remote experts and in our department for the continuing training program for residents. It also offers the possibility of conducting multidisciplinary sessions and webinars with subsequent availability control online. CONCLUSIONS TM and digital platforms such as Proximie provide important benefits in the practical learning and training of surgeons, especially with the current restrictions, being a safe technique and a teaching tool to be exploited.

Archives and History in The Gambia

The Gambian archives, established in the 1960s, have rich and valuable resources for deeper study and teaching of the history of The Gambia and the subregion. The collections are representative of a substantial amount of The Gambia’s precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial history on a range of subjects, including settlement patterns, migration, family histories, folktales, myths, legends, proverbs, songs, religion, early colonial trading in The Gambia, histories of the ethnic groups and their cultural ceremonies, history of individuals, nationalists politicians, postcolonial political parties, and World War II. Although these sources can be valuable to students, international researchers, and specialists, there is a great need for their care and maintenance.

Concept of Tantrayukti with special emphasis on Adhikarana Tantrayukti

A cautious evaluation of Ayurveda treatises reveals that there is a comprehensive approach regarding research. Tantrayukti is the systemic approach of studying a science to interpret its correct unambiguous meaning for its practical application. Tantrayukti is tools of textual study, method of study and teaching. It present as framework which clears the appropriate meaning and help to understand the real sense of shloka. One should interpret the Samhita with the help of these tantrayukti to understand the science in an apparent way. Adhikaran Tantrayukti is one among the 40 tantrayukti explained by different acharyas. It is widely used by our acharyas while constructing the Samhita for easy understanding. Even in the field of research Adhikarana refer to the subject or area with which the researcher is going to deal with. This review article highlights the importance of Tantrayukti in explaining the samhitas and also the utility of Adhikaran Tantrayukti in understanding of classical text and its importance in research.