Evaluation of models to describe neutral detergent fibre digestion in cattle fed at two levels of dry matter intake

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
P. Huhtanen ◽  
U. Kukkonen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Cell Wall Digestion

Potentially digestible fibre leaves the rumen either by enzymatic breakdown or by passage to the lower tract. The digestibility of potentially digestible fibre is a function of the rate at which fibre is digested and its retention time in the rumen. The procedures used for estimating the rate of fibre digestion (kd) and the rate of passage of feed particles (kp) are extremely variable. The estimates for kdand kpderived by using different procedures can have a large effect on the fibre digestibility calculated from kinetic parameters of fibre. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the different methods in estimating the kinetic parameters of mathematical models that will describe cell wall digestion in the rumen.

scholarly journals Development of mathematical models to predict dry matter intake in feedlot Santa Ines rams

2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Almeida Sampaio Vieira ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira ◽  
José Augusto Gomes Azevêdo ◽  
André Luiz Alves Neves ◽  
Mário Luiz Chizzotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Santa Inês

Dry matter intake, nutrient selection and milk production of dairy cows grazing rainfed perennial pastures at different herbage allowances in spring

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moate ◽  
D. E. Dalley ◽  
J. R. Roche ◽  
C. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Selection Differentials

Summary. The effect of herbage allowance (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kg DM/cow. day) on the consumption of nutrients from herbage and milk production by cows in early lactation, was examined. The experiment was conducted on rainfed perennial ryegrass pastures in September and October 1997 in south-eastern Victoria, Australia. The herbage on offer comprised 64% perennial ryegrass, 21% other grasses, 1% white clover, 5% weeds and 9% dead material on a dry matter (DM) basis. The average pregrazing herbage height was 13 cm, at an estimated pregrazing herbage mass of 3.6 t DM/ha. The herbage on offer was of high quality containing 11.6 MJ metabolisable energy/kg DM, 202 g crude protein/kg DM and 525 g neutral detergent fibre/kg DM. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur and chloride were 4.4, 2.2, 4.4, 31.2, 3.5, 2.7 and 11.4 g/kg DM, respectively. As daily herbage allowance per cow increased, dry matter intake increased curvilinearly (P<0.01) from 11.2 to 18.7 kg DM/cow. day. This was associated with a decrease in utilisation of herbage from 54 to 26% and an increase in milk production from 25.9 to 29.1 kg/cow. day. The cows on all treatments grazed for less than 8.7 h/day. The increase in intake was achieved by an increase in the rate of herbage intake from 1.5 to 2.2 kg DM/h for herbage allowances of 20 and 70 kg/cow.day, respectively. Irrespective of herbage allowance, cows selected a diet that was approximately 10% higher in in vitro dry matter digestibility and 30% higher in crude protein than that in the herbage on offer. The neutral detergent fibre content of the herbage selected was lower (P<0.05) than that on offer. The herbage consumed contained more (P<0.05) magnesium, potassium and sulfur, the same amount of calcium and phosphorus and less (P<0.05) sodium and chloride than the herbage on offer. For rainfed perennial pastures in spring, herbage allowance is an important factor in determining voluntary feed intake and production of dairy cows. To achieve 30 L from herbage, without supplementation, high herbage allowances are required. The increase in herbage intake, with increasing herbage allowance, resulted from an increase in rate of dry matter intake and not an increase in grazing time. No relationship was evident between herbage allowance and the selection differentials for in vitro dry matter digestibility, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre. Selection differentials for rainfed perennial pastures in spring are similar to those reported for irrigated perennial pastures in northern Victoria in spring and autumn. When determining nutrient requirements it is important to consider the interaction between herbage intake and nutrient concentration in the herbage.

Utilization of oaten hay by cattle: effects of milling and urea supplementation

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (120) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
NG Yates ◽  
RJ Moir
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Cellulose Digestion ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Cellulose Digestibility

Oaten hay in either long or milled form, with or without a continuous intra-ruminal infusion of urea at the rate of 160 g/d, was offered ad libitum to four rumen fistulated steers in a 4 x 4 Latin square design experiment. Milling increased dry matter intake from 49.2 to 65.4 g/kg LW0 75.d (P< 0.001) and decreased mean retention time from 66.7 to 54.2 h (P< 0.001). Rates of cellulose digestion and dry matter digestibilities were similar for long and milled hay. Urea increased dry matter intake (from 49.0 to 65.6 g/kg LW0 75.d; P< 0.001), dry matter digestibility (from 58.1 to 65.3%; P< 0.01) cellulose digestibility (from 48.5 to 63.1%; P< 0.01) and the rate of cellulose digestion (P< 0.001), and decreased mean retention time from 65.3 to 55.6 h ( P < 0.01). Digestible dry matter intakes increased 29% with milling and 52% with urea and the effects were additive. Urea increased digestible cellulose intake to a greater extent with milled hay (91 %) than with long hay (64%). Digestible dry matter intake was closely related to liveweight change. When urea was given liveweight gain was higher for milled hay than for long hay (0.69 vs 0.11 kg/head.d) and without urea liveweight loss was less for milled hay than for long hay (-0.07 vs -0.45 kg/head.d). Nitrogen digestibility and balance were significantly higher when urea was given. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were significantly higher and rumen pH significantly lower with urea compared with no urea and with milled hay compared with long hay. Urea increased rumen-ammonia concentration from 1.65 to 19.68 mg1100 ml (P< 0.001) and total free bacterial concentration (P < 0.05). The results demonstrate significant and additive benefits from the administration of urea to hay containing 0.8% nitrogen and from milling through a screen size of 7.6 mm.

Effect of supplementing sheep with oat grain on their intake, digestion, and nitrogen balance when fed chopped carpet grass (Axonopus affinis Chase) hay

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
CE Lloyd ◽  
HL Davies ◽  
Davies H Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Wall Components

The effect of 0, 150, 300 and 450 g/day of oat grain on voluntary consumption, digestibility, and nitrogen balance in sheep offered chopped carpet grass(Axonopus affinis Chase) hay was studied.Carpet grass intake was significantly (P<0.05) decreased at the 2 higher levels of oat grain. The intake of unsupplemented hay was 606 g/day, compared with 410 g at the highest oat intake. Total dry matter intake increased linearly with level of oat supplementation, from 606 to 816 g/day. No associated effects were detected on the digestibility of the hay. Digestibility of the cell wall components decreased at the higher level of oat supplementation.

Seasonal variation in intake and digestion of a high-roughage diet by muskoxen

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Z. Adamczewski ◽  
P. F. Flood ◽  
R. K. Chaplin ◽  
J. A. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

We studied changes in body weight, intake, retention time and apparent digestibility of a supplemented brome-alfalfa hay by mature muskoxen held near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan during two seasonal cycles. Body weights and voluntary intake were monitored during 16 trials from late March 1990 to December 1991, in four annually breeding females and in three hysterectomized females. Retention time of the hay and apparent digestibility of the diet were estimated in winter and summer 1991 from fecal excretion of chromium (Cr) after a pulse dose of Cr-mordanted hay, and from forage/fecal concentrations of chromic oxide, respectively, in six non-breeding muskoxen. Mean (±SE) body weights of breeding females were greatest in February and March (248 ± 5 kg) and lowest following calving in late May or early June (216 ± 6 kg), while mean weight of hysterectomized females declined little from a peak of 228 ± 21 kg in February-March to a low of 213 ± 21 kg in July. Mean dry matter intake of breeding females was highest in July and August (62 ± 3.6 g d−1 kg−0.75) then declined slowly to its lowest point in March and April (41 ± 0.7 g d−1 kg−0.75). Dry matter intake of hysterectomized cows was less clearly seasonal but averaged 42 ± 1.7 g d−1 kg−0.75 in late winter and 50 ± 4.9 g d−1 kg−0.75 in mid-summer. Mean retention time of hay, calculated using a noncompartmental model, declined significantly from 114 ± 4 h in March to 95 ± 4 h in July. Apparent organic matter digestibility decreased significantly from 73.8 ± 0.8% in winter to 61.7 ± 1.3% in summer. Compared with other ruminants, muskoxen are grazers exceptionally well-suited to digesting graminoid forage, with relatively low maintenance requirements and prolonged retention times. Most of the seasonal changes in weight and intake of breeding females could be ascribed to reproductive cost, but there also appeared to be seasonal effects on intake, retention time and body weight in non-breeding muskoxen. Key words: Digestibility, intake, maintenance requirements, muskoxen, retention time, seasonal variation

Evaluation of internal and external markers to estimate faecal output and feed intake in sheep fed fresh forage

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Mioto da Costa ◽  
L. C. V. Ítavo ◽  
C. C. B. Ferreira Ítavo ◽  
A. M. Dias ◽  
H. V. Petit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Internal Markers

The objectives of the present study were to estimate dry-matter intake and output of faeces using two external and four internal markers in sheep fed Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu on an ad libitum basis over 3- and 5-day periods. Six sheep fitted with ruminal cannulas were randomly assigned in a crossover design experiment to receive either of two treatments of external markers, namely titanium dioxide (TiO2) and chromic oxide (Cr2O3). Faecal output was obtained by total faecal collection and faecal grab sampling. Faeces were collected for 3- or 5-day periods, and, for each collection period, two sampling methods were compared; grab samples were collected directly in the rectum once daily, and a second sample was taken at the same time directly in faecal collection bags after having determined the daily total output of faeces. Faecal concentrations of the internal markers, indigestible dry matter, indigestible neutral detergent fibre, indigestible acid detergent fibre and indigestible acid detergent lignin (iADL), were determined. Faecal output was not accurately predicted with indigestible dry matter, indigestible neutral detergent fibre, indigestible acid detergent fibre and iADL. Dry-matter intake was predicted with iADL and TiO2 when faeces were collected for 5 days as grab samples once daily, or as total collection and with Cr2O3 when faecal grab samples were collected for 5 days. The results using external markers indicated that TiO2 is not a marker equivalent to Cr2O3 for estimating intake and faecal output. TiO2 was the only external marker to accurately estimate faecal output, independent of the method (total or grab) and time period (3 or 5 days) used; this suggests that TiO2 is the best marker tested for predicting the faecal output of sheep that are fed a diet of fresh Brachiaria brizantha (cv. Marandu) grass ad libitum.

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF STEAM-TREATED CORN STOVER

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. I. OJI ◽  
D. N. MOWAT
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Matter Energy

Corn stover, ground through a 1.6-cm screen, was steam-processed at 16.2 kg/cm2 and 205 °C for 15 min. Control and treated stover were evaluated for intake and digestibility of organic constituents with eight wether lambs in a single crossover design. Prior to feeding, water was added to control corn stover to approximate the moisture content of treated stover and to reduce dustiness. Soybean meal was added to both rations and, in addition, urea was added to treated stover to attempt to make up for nitrogen rendered unavailable by treatment. Steam treatment increased (P < 0.05) ADF, ADIN, permanganate lignin and acetic acid. Dry matter intake increased (P < 0.05) by 55% with steam treatment. Treatment also increased (P < 0.05) apparent digestibilities of organic matter, energy, non cell wall contents and cellulose but decreased (P < 0.05) digestibilities of NDF and ADF. The extent of improvement in energy digestibility was limited by heat damage due to processing. Modifications in treatment conditions should reduce this effect.

The relationship between voluntary intake and mean apparent retention time in the rumen

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Thornton ◽  
DJ Minson
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between mean apparent retention time of dry matter in the reticulorumen (RD, hr) and the daily voluntary dry matter intake (ID, g/day) of six dried panicum diets was determined on sheep which were offered fresh feed every hour. RD was measured by emptying the reticulorumen via a large rumen fistula. ID for the six diets by the sheep with fistulae was slightly higher than, and correlated (r = 0.99, P < 0.001) with, that previously found when the same diets were offered to intact sheep. ID varied from 659 to 1355 g/day and RD from 13.3 to 27.1 hr. These two factors were inversely related:

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of spineless cactus feeding to meat lambs: performance and development of mathematical models to predict dry matter intake and average daily gain

animal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2260-2267
Author(s):  
L.S. Knupp ◽  
F.F.R. Carvalho ◽  
A. Cannas ◽  
M.I. Marcondes ◽  
A.L. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Gain
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