NUTRITIVE VALUE OF STEAM-TREATED CORN STOVER

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. I. OJI ◽  
D. N. MOWAT
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Matter Energy

Corn stover, ground through a 1.6-cm screen, was steam-processed at 16.2 kg/cm2 and 205 °C for 15 min. Control and treated stover were evaluated for intake and digestibility of organic constituents with eight wether lambs in a single crossover design. Prior to feeding, water was added to control corn stover to approximate the moisture content of treated stover and to reduce dustiness. Soybean meal was added to both rations and, in addition, urea was added to treated stover to attempt to make up for nitrogen rendered unavailable by treatment. Steam treatment increased (P < 0.05) ADF, ADIN, permanganate lignin and acetic acid. Dry matter intake increased (P < 0.05) by 55% with steam treatment. Treatment also increased (P < 0.05) apparent digestibilities of organic matter, energy, non cell wall contents and cellulose but decreased (P < 0.05) digestibilities of NDF and ADF. The extent of improvement in energy digestibility was limited by heat damage due to processing. Modifications in treatment conditions should reduce this effect.

ACCEPTABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF GRADED LEVELS OF GMELINA ARBOREA AND CASSAVA PEELS CONCENTRATES IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-422
Author(s):  
Amoka Pius ◽  
Tawose O M
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Cassava Peels

The nutritive value ,voluntary dry matter intake, and the nutrient digestibility of graded levels of Gmelina arborea and cassava peels concentrates in WAD sheep was investigated. Twelve WAD sheep aged 1-2 years old and weighting 14.00± 0.45 kg were used in a complete randomized design. Diets were formulated such that cassava peels was replaced with Gmelina arborea leaf meal at 0, 33.33, 66.67, 100% levels, designated as diets A, B, C, and D respectively. Diet without Gmelina arborea leaf meal was tagged the control diet. The concentrate feed was compounded to contain 16% CP. Diets with 33.33% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea had significantly (P<0.05) higher dry matter intake (DMI) 598.80g day-1, while the lowest DMI 425.00g day-1 was obtained in animals fed 100% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Crude protein intake (CPI) of animals fed diets with 33.33% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea were significantly (P<0.05) highest, followed by 66.67% inclusion level and the least was observed in 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) was significantly (P<0.05) different across the dietary treatments, animals placed on diets with 33.33% inclusion level had the highest DMD, followed by animals on diets with 66.67, 100 and 0% inclusion levels. CP digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, the lowest CP digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. CF digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, while the lowest CF digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. N intake increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in the level of Gmelina arborea inclusion from 33.33% to 100%. N retention was significantly (P<0.05) different, diets with 33.33% Gmelina arborea inclusion had the highest value (64.36g day-1) followed by 66.67%, 100% and the least (52.64g day-1) was at 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea.  N balance values also followed the same trend. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the inclusion of Gmelina arborea leaf meal in WAD rams diet was well tolerated without adverse effect on acceptability, intake and nutrient digestibility, and inclusion level of 33.33% is hereby recommended in ruminants diet for optimum performance and productivity.

Relationship Between Gas Emissions and Dry Matter Intake in Mature Angus Cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Amanda Holder ◽  
Megan A Gross ◽  
Alexi Moehlenpah ◽  
Paul Beck
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Second Period

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effects of diet quality on greenhouse gas emissions and dry matter intake (DMI). We used 42 mature, gestating Angus cows (600±69 kg; and BSC 5.3±1.1) with a wide range in DMI EPD (-1.36 to 2.29). Cows were randomly assigned to 2 diet sequences forage-concentrate (FC) or concentrate-forage(CF) determined by the diet they consumed in each period (forage or concentrate). The cows were adapted to the diet and the SmartFeed individual intake units for 14 d followed by 45 d of intake data collection for each period. Body weight was recorded on consecutive weigh days at the beginning and end of each period and then once every two wk for the duration of a period. Cows were exposed to the GreenFeed Emission Monitoring (GEM) system for no less than 9 d during each period. The GEM system was used to measure emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Only cows with a minimum of 20 total &gt;3-m visits to the GEM were included in the data set. Data were analyzed in a crossover design using GLIMMIX in SASv.9.4. Within the CF sequence there was a significant, positive correlation between TMR DMI and CH4 (r=0.81) and TMR DMI and CO2 (r=0.69), however, gas emissions during the second period on the hay diet were not correlated with hay intake. There was a significant, positive correlation between hay DMI and CO2 (r=0.76) and hay DMI and CH4 (r=0.74) when cows first consumed forage (FC). In comparison to the CF sequence, cows on the FC sequence showed a positive correlation between CO2 and TMR DMI during the second period. There was also a significant positive correlation between hay and TMR DMI when assessed across (r=0.43) or within sequence (FC r=0.41, CF r=0.47).

scholarly journals Effects of poultry manure and nitrogen rates from two production systems on dry matter yield, and nutritive value of Columbus grass (Sorghum almum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 378-384
Author(s):  
M. Baba ◽  
I. Lamir ◽  
I. Abdullahi ◽  
M. S. Sadique
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The experiment was conducted at screen house of Centre for Dry land Agriculture, Bayero University Kano, in the year 2016. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of poultry manure and nitrogen rates from battery cage and deep litter systems on dry matter yield, morphological characteristics and forage quality of Columbus grass (Sorghum almum). Sorghum almum seeds were sown in 32 plastic containers (dimensions 26 cm height, 28 cm top width and 20cm base width) perforated at the bottom containing 12 kg mixture of sandy and loamy soil in ratio of 1:3. The treatments consisted of poultry manure from two production systems (Battery cage and Deep litter) and nitrogen rates (50, 60, 70 and 80 kgN/ha) in a 2x4 factorial combined in a completely randomized design. Parameters measured were dry matter yield, number of tillers and stem diameter at the late boot stage of Sorghum almum, in addition, forage quality parameters (CP, ADF NDF, digestible dry matter (DDM) dry matter intake as a percentage of body weight (DMI) and relative feud value (RFV)) were also evaluated. The results revealed no significant (p>0.05) difference between battery cage and deep litter fertilized Sorghum almum but deep litter fertilized Sorghum almum had numerically higher dry matter yield (5062.30 kg/ha) than battery cage (4400.40 kg/ha) Number of tillers and stem diameter were found to be significantly greater (p<0.05) in Deep litter (2.56 and5.70mm respectively) compared to Battery cage (1.13 and 5.08mm respectively. Both dry matter yield and stem diameter of Sorghum almum were significantly (p<0.05) highest at 80 kg N/ha. Crude protein was observed to be significant (P<0.05) in Sorghum almum fertilized with poultry manure from deep liter (11.35%) compared with buttery cage (10.05 %). The CP value was observed to increase with increased nitrogen rate with the highest value recorded at 80 kg N/ha (1.71%). Dry matter intake (us a percentage of body weight) was equally greater (p<0.05) in Sorghum album fertilized with deep litter (2.63%) compared to battery cage (2.49%). The value for NDF was significantly higher in sorghum almum fertilized with battery cage, while that of ADF was greater in deep litter it can be concluded that, Sorghum almum fertilized with manure from deep litter system produced better yield and nutritive value.

scholarly journals Estimation of pasture herbage intake by beef cattle based on n-alkanes as markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Nowakowski ◽  
Katarzyna Czyz ◽  
Marta Iwaszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
National Park ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Invasive Method

The aim of the study was to evaluate herbage dry matter intake in 16 beef cows which grazed continuously on permanent pastures within the “The Warta Estuary” National Park (Poland), using the minimally invasive method based on <em>n</em>-alkanes as markers (C<sub>29</sub>, C<sub>31</sub>, C<sub>33</sub>). Significant differences were observed in the nutritive value of herbage collected for analyses by cutting or nipping. The calculated content of energy and protein in the nipped herbage was higher: UFL by 58.1% and PDI by 50%, with a higher digestibility of nutrients. The values obtained for DM intake in pasture herbage by cows were closest to the standards when calculations were based on the C<sub>29</sub>/C<sub>32</sub> pair of <em>n</em>-alkanes. However, the best prediction of DM intake estimation from creeping bentgrass (<em>Agrostis stolonifera</em>) pasture, in agreement with the accepted energy and protein standards, was based on the proportions between alkanes C<sub>31</sub>/C<sub>32</sub>.

Dry matter intake and rumen fermentation in steers fed untreated grass hay or hay treated with urea, sodium hydroxide or a combination of both

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 114-114
Author(s):  
A. P. Moloney ◽  
A. V. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Grass Hay

Treatment of poor quality roughages with ammonia or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) has been demonstrated in numerous studies to improve the nutritive value of these materials. Ammonia is usually applied in anhydrous or aqueous forms in stacks at ambient temperature or anhydrous in high temperature ovens (e.g. Mason et al., 1989) while NaOH is usually applied as an aqueous solution either as a spray or by immersion of the test material (e.g. Wanapat et al., 1985). The objective of this study was to determine the effects on composition and subsequent rumen fermentation when low digestibility grass hay was treated with ammonia and/or NaOH by a procedure which might be readily used at farm level.

COMPARISON OF MALE STERILE CORN AND REGULAR CORN AS SILAGE FOR DAIRY COWS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. BURGESS ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Relative Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Hybrid

The relative nutritive value of male sterile corn silage (23.7% dry matter) and regular corn silage (26.5% dry matter) was determined with lactating dairy cows during three consecutive crop years. The regular corn hybrid had 25% of the kernels removed by black birds prior to harvesting. Grain was fed according to milk production (1 kg/2.75 kg milk) and silage was offered ad libitum as the only forage. Dry matter, soluble carbohydrate and insoluble nitrogen percentages were lower while crude protein and acid detergent fiber levels were higher in the male sterile corn silage. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen and energy determined with sheep were not different between silages. Silage dry matter intake and total dry matter intake were higher (P < 0.05) for cows fed regular corn silage in only one of the three trials. Actual milk, 4% fat-corrected milk yields and milk fat and protein percentages were not affected by silage treatment. Key words: Male sterile corn, silage, dairy cows

Hay supplements to overcome underfeeding of dairy cows. 2. Late lactation

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (109) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR King ◽  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ration Composition

The effect of hay supplementation on the performance of dairy cows on a restricted intake of paspalum-dominant perennial pasture was studied in two 21 -day periods in the eighth and ninth months of lactation. In each period, there were three groups fed pasture only at mean intakes of 15.2, 11.5 and 7.3 kg/cow day-1, two groups fed at similar pasture restriction levels and supplemented with hay ad libitum, and one further group fed an average of 7.3 kg of pasture supplemented with only 4.3 kg of hay. The data were analyzed by regression, using total dry matter intake as the dependent variable, and pseudovariables were used to examine the effects of hay feeding. The relations between total dry matter intake and milk, butterfat, protein and solids-not-fat production, and change in body condition of dairy cows were not altered by ration composition. Milk production declined linearly by 0.66 kg and 0.31 kg/cow day-1 in the eight and ninth months of lactation, respectively, for each kg reduction in total dry matter intake. Similar responses were obtained for butterfat, protein and solids-not-fat production. Gain in body condition of the cows also decreased as total intake fell, but the relation was curvilinear and not affected by stage of lactation. It was concluded that high quality hay can be used to overcome shortages of paspalum-dominant perennial pasture in autumn, and that it has similar. nutritive value to pasture in terms of milk production and body condition.

Effect of supplementing sheep with oat grain on their intake, digestion, and nitrogen balance when fed chopped carpet grass (Axonopus affinis Chase) hay

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
CE Lloyd ◽  
HL Davies ◽  
Davies H Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Wall Components

The effect of 0, 150, 300 and 450 g/day of oat grain on voluntary consumption, digestibility, and nitrogen balance in sheep offered chopped carpet grass(Axonopus affinis Chase) hay was studied.Carpet grass intake was significantly (P<0.05) decreased at the 2 higher levels of oat grain. The intake of unsupplemented hay was 606 g/day, compared with 410 g at the highest oat intake. Total dry matter intake increased linearly with level of oat supplementation, from 606 to 816 g/day. No associated effects were detected on the digestibility of the hay. Digestibility of the cell wall components decreased at the higher level of oat supplementation.

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