Combined effects of aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (amaferm; ao) and monensin on fermentation in the rumen simulation technique (rusitec)

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 112-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. McKain ◽  
C.J. Newbold ◽  
R.J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Growth Promoters

Monensin, an ionophore, and AO, a fungal feed additive, are growth promoters which modify rumen fermentation. Previous studies have shown that monensin increased propionate, the efficiency of bacterial growth and the flow of protein from the rumen and decreased methane production and fibre digestion (Schelling, 1984), whereas AO increased bacterial numbers and fibre digestion and lowered methane production (Frumholtzet al., 1989; Fondevilaet al., 1990). The aim of the present study was to determine, using Rusitec, the effects on rumen fermentation of combining these additives.

Combined effects ofAspergillus oryzaefermentation extract and monensin on fermentation in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec)

1993 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Newbold ◽  
N. McKain ◽  
R. J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Butyrate Production ◽  
Vitamin Mixture

SUMMARYMonensin, an ionophore, andAspergillus oryzaefermentation extract (AO), a fungal feed additive, are growth promoters which modify rumen fermentation. The effects of combining these additives were determined in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Sixteen vessels received 20 g/day of a diet of hay, barley, molasses, fishmeal and a mineral/vitamin mixture (500, 299·5, 100, 91 and 9·5 g/kg DM respectively). AO, monensin (M) and AO + monensin (AO/M) were each added to four vessels at 500, 10 and (500 + 10) mg/day respectively. Both M and AO/M increased propionate (14·5 and 138v.91 mmol/day in controls;P< 0·001) and reduced butyrate production (6·6, 5·2 and 9·1 mmol/day respectively;P< 0·01), whereas AO had no effect. AO increased bacterial numbers by 70% (P< 0·055), while M had no effect, and in the presence of M, AO also had no effect. Proteolytic activity in samples from the vessels decreased (P< 0·05) in all treatments (1·06, 0·71, 0·60 and 0·47 mg14C-casein/mg protein/h for control, AO, M and AO/M respectively). In contrast, deamination of amino acids increased (P< 0·001) with AO and AO/M but decreased slightly with M alone (482, 646, 434 and 644 nmol NH3/mg protein/h). Ammonia output was unchanged (47·4, 57·2, 42·7 and 44·8 mg/day). Thus each additive was dominant over the other for different activities, with monensin generally suppressing the effects of AO rather than vice-versa.

Influence of autoclaved or irradiated Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on fermentation in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec)

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Newbold ◽  
R. Brock ◽  
R. J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Labile Component

SUMMARYA rumen simulation device (Rusitec) was used to compare the effects of autoclaved and γ-irradiated Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (AO) with those of untreated AO on rumen fermentation. Each vessel received daily 18 g of a basal diet consisting of 500 g hay, 299·5 g rolled barley, 100 g molasses, 91 g fishmeal and 9·5 g of a minerals and vitamins mixture/kg dry matter. AO preparations (0·25 g/day) were added with the feed. Dry matter digestion increased at 24 h, but not at 48 h, after adding AO, suggesting that AO stimulated the rate of digestion but not the extent. AO increased the numbers of total and cellulolytic bacteria by 90 and 50%, respectively. Irradiated AO stimulated numbers of bacteria in the same way as AO, although to a slightly lesser extent. Autoclaved AO had no effect. Thus, the mode of action of AO on rumen fermentation depends on a heat-labile component, possibly a nutrient or an enzyme, or metabolic activity. Viable AO cells are not required to stimulate bacterial growth and activity.

scholarly journals Long-Term Mootral Application Impacts Methane Production and the Microbial Community in the Rumen Simulation Technique System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Brede ◽  
Manuela Peukert ◽  
Björn Egert ◽  
Gerhard Breves ◽  
Melanie Brede
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Long Term Effects

Methane emissions by ruminants contribute to global warming and result in a loss of dietary energy for the animals. One possibility of reducing methane emissions is by dietary strategies. In the present trial, we investigated the long-term effects of Mootral, a feed additive consisting of garlic powder (Allium sativum) and bitter orange extracts (Citrus aurantium), on fermentation parameters and the microbial community in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) system. The experiment lasted 38 days and was divided into three phases: an equilibration period of 7 days, a baseline period (BL) of 3 days, and experimental period (EP) of 28 days. Twelve fermentation vessels were divided into three groups (n = 4): control (CON), short-term (ST), and long-term (LT) application. From day 11 to day 27, 1.7 g of Mootral was added to the ST vessels; LT vessels received 1.7 g of Mootral daily for the entire EP. With the onset of Mootral application, methane production was significantly reduced in both groups until day 18. Thereafter, the production rate returned to the initial quantity. Furthermore, the short chain fatty acid fermentation profile was significantly altered by Mootral application; the molar proportion of acetate decreased, while the proportions of propionate and butyrate increased. Metabolomic analysis revealed further changes in metabolite concentrations associated with the Mootral supplementation period. The methyl coenzyme-M reductase gene copy number was reduced in the liquid and solid phase, whereas the treatment did not affect the abundance of bacteria. At the end of the BL, Methanomicrobia was the most abundant archaeal class. Mootral supplementation induced an increase in the relative abundance of Methanomassiliicoccales and a reduction in the relative abundance of Methanomicrobia, however, this effect was transient. Abundances of bacterial families were only marginally altered by the treatment. In conclusion, Mootral has the transient ability to reduce methane production significantly due to a selective effect on archaea numbers and archaeal community composition with little effect on the bacterial community.

Influence of supplementation of tropical plant feed additives on in vitro rumen fermentation and methanogenesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Chatterjee ◽  
D. N. Kamra ◽  
N. Agarwal ◽  
A. K. Patra
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Tropical Plants

Tropical plants rich in secondary metabolites have the potential to modulate rumen fermentation for more efficient food production with reduced environmental impact. In the present study after extensive screening, three tropical tree leaves (Bahunia variegata, Psidium guajava and Cannabis indica) and three herbs (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Trachyspermum ammi and Cinnamomum tamala) were selected to evaluate their effect on buffalo rumen fermentation. Total gas production, substrate degradability, volatile fatty acid pattern and enzyme activities were not affected by any of the plants tested in this study. However, methane production was lowered (P ≤ 0.05) due to inclusion of P. guajava leaves. Anti-methanogenic/anti-protozoal metabolites present in tropical plants seem to be better extracted by ethanol solvent and accordingly the best performing plant i.e. different levels of P. guajava extract was used for further evaluation. Both the methane inhibition and defaunating action of ethanol extract of P. guajava were found to be dose dependent. In conclusion, leaves of P. guajava appear to be a promising plant feed additive for decreasing methane production without affecting feed degradability in the rumen.

The effect of yeast and distillery by-products on the fermentation in the rumen simulation technique (rusitec)

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 210-210
Author(s):  
C.J. Newbold ◽  
R.J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
Commercial Yeast ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
By Products

The practice of adding low levels of non-commensal yeast and fungi to ruminant diets is increasingly gaining acceptance as a means of manipulating rumen fermentation to benefit production. Reported benefits include an increased degradability of forages in the rumen and an improved flow of microbial protein from the rumen (Williams and Newbold, 1990).Distillery by-products, such as pot ale syrup, are commonly included in ruminant diets as an energy source. However, pot ale syrup contains a substantial number of yeast cells. The aim of the present study was to establish if different yeasts and yeast-containing by-products had similar effects on rumen fermentation to those found with a commercial yeast culture feed additive.Two commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae preparations (Alkosel, Alko Biotechnology, Finland and Yea-sacc, Alltech, UK), active dried baker's yeast (United Distillers, UK) and two pot ale syrups from the Inchgower and Dailuaine distilleries were compared for their effects on the fermentation in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec).

Effect of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (Amaferm) on fermentation in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec)

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 159-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Frumholtz ◽  
C. J. Newbold ◽  
R. J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Time Of Feeding

Probiotics (microbial preparations and their growth media) are of increasing interest as feed additives for both ruminant and non-ruminant livestock. Amaferm is a fermentation extract prepared from cultures of the fungus Aspergillus oryzae which, when included in the diet of dairy cows, increases the yield of milk and buttermilk (Harris et al. , 1983). These improvements have been associated with changes in rumen fermentation (Weidmeier et al., 1987). The present study describes the use of the rumen simulation technique Rusitec (Czerkawski and Breckenridge, 1977) to investigate the effects of increasing doses of Amaferm on the stoichiometry of rumen fermentation in vitro.Amaferm was added at 0, 25 and 250 mg/d to duplicate Rusitec vessels and at 1 g/d to a single vessel, receiving 10 g/d of a mixed diet of hay, barley, molasses, fishmeal and vitamins/minerals (500, 299-5, 100, 91 and 9.5 g/kg DM respectively). Vessels were initially inoculated from animals receiving the same diet. Artificial saliva was continuously infused into the vessels (total volume 850 ml, dilution rate 0.88/d) and feed bags were changed daily such that each bag was incubated for 48 h. Samples were taken at the time of feeding after 15 d adaptation to Amaferm.Amaferm had no influence on total VFA concentrations but there was a shift towards an increased proportion of butyrate as the level of addition increased. Ammonia production was also stimulated by the addition of Amaferm, with the concentration in the vessel receiving 1 g/d being almost twice that found in the control vessels. There was no effect on dry matter disappearance after 48 h. The concentration of methane in the gas collected from the head space of the vessels was decreased by Amaferm, with the maximum decrease (17%) being seen at the level of 250 mg/d.

scholarly journals Effects of Biochar Produced From Tropical Rice Straw, Corncob and Bamboo Tree at Different Processing Temperatures on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh Van Dung ◽  
Le Duc Thao ◽  
Le Duc Ngoan ◽  
Le Dinh Phung ◽  
Hynek Roubík
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Biomass Resources

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biochar produced from tropical biomass resources (rice straw, corncob and bamboo) at different processing temperatures (300, 500 and 700oC) on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production. Treatments were arranged as a 3x3 factorial with three biomass resources and three biochar processing temperatures. Added biochar occupied 3% of the substrate (DM basic). 250 mg of the air-dried substrate was incubated in 120 ml bottles, which contained 25 ml of mixed rumen fluid and buffer mineral solution. Total gas and methane production, in vitro digestibility of DM, OM, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics were determined at three-time points: 4, 24 and 48 hours of the incubation. Results showed that biomass resources and processing temperatures affected gas production at 4, 24 and 48 hours of the incubation (P < 0.02). Interactions between biomass resources and processing temperatures affected gas production at 4 hours (P = 0.06) and 24 hours (P = 0.001). Biomass resources and processing temperatures affected methane production at different time points of the incubation, except the effect of biomass resources at 24 hours (P = 0.406). Increased processing temperature from 300 to 700oC reduced gas and methane production (P < 0.05). Biomass resources affected OM digestibility after 4 and 24 hours of incubation. Processing temperatures and their interaction with biomass resources affected OM digestibility after 48 hours of incubation (P < 0.001). NH3-N concentrations at 24 and 48h were highest for corncob, then rice straw, and lowest for bamboo tree derived biochar (P < 0.05). Increased processing temperatures resulted in higher NH3-N concentrations at 24 and 48 hours of incubation (P < 0.05). To mitigate methane production, biomass resources and processing temperatures should be considered when utilising biochar as feed additive in ruminant diets.

scholarly journals Long-term and Combined Effects of N-[2-(Nitrooxy)ethyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide and Fumaric Acid on Methane Production, Rumen Fermentation, and Lactation Performance in Dairy Goats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongjun Li ◽  
Xinjian Lei ◽  
Xiaoxu Chen ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Jing Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Dairy Goats

Abstract BackgroundIn recent years, nitrooxy compounds have been identified as promising inhibitors of methanogenesis in ruminants. However, when animals receive a nitrooxy compound, a high portion of the spared hydrogen is eructated as gas, which partly offsets the energy savings of CH4 mitigation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the long-term and combined effects of supplementation with N-[2-(nitrooxy)ethyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide (NPD), a methanogenesis inhibitor, and fumaric acid (FUM), a hydrogen sink, on enteric CH4 production, rumen fermentation, bacterial populations, apparent nutrient digestibility, and lactation performance of dairy goats.ResultsTwenty-four primiparous dairy goats were used in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: supplementation without or with FUM (32 g/d) or NPD (0.5 g/d). All samples were collected every 3 wks during a 12-wk feeding experiment. Both FUM and NPD supplementation persistently inhibited CH4 yield (L/kg DMI, by 18.8% and 18.1%, respectively) without negative influence on DMI or apparent nutrient digestibility. When supplemented in combination, no additive CH4 suppression was observed. FUM showed greater responses in increasing the molar proportion of propionate when supplemented with NPD than supplemented alone (by 10.2% vs. 4.4%). The rumen microbiota structure in the animals receiving FUM was different from that of the other animals, particularly changed the structure of phylum Firmicutes. Daily milk production and serum total antioxidant capacity were improved by NPD, but the contents of milk fat and protein were decreased, probably due to the bioactivity of absorbed NPD on body metabolism.ConclusionsSupplementing NPD and FUM in combination is a promising way to persistently inhibit CH4 emissions with a higher rumen propionate proportion. However, the side effects of this nitrooxy compound on animals and its residues in animal products need further evaluation before it can be used as an animal feed additive.

scholarly journals COMPLETE RUMEN MODIFIER SUPPLEMENTATION IN CORN COB SILAGE BASAL DIET OF LAMB REDUCES METHANE EMISSION

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Dwi Yulistiani ◽  
Wisri Puastuti ◽  
Budi Haryanto ◽  
Agung Purnomoadi ◽  
M. Kurihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Corn Cob

<p>Feeding animal with fibrous materials such as corn cob will emit methane. Complete rumen modifier (CRM) is an improved feed additive comprised a mixture of Sapindus rarak, sesbania, albizia leaves and minerals that functions as a methane inhibitor. The study aimed to determine the effect of CRM supplementation on the feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, methane emission and growth of lambs. The experiment was designed in a complete randomized block, four levels of CRM (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%), six group of 24 male lambs per treatment based on the body weight.  Basal diet used was corn cob silage ad libitum and concentrate (500 g/day) as a supplement. The results showed that CRM supplementation did not affect feed consumption and average daily gain, but significantly decreased the dry matter, as well as organic matter and protein digestibility.  The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility linearly decreased with increasing level of CRM. Ruminal pH, ammonia concentration and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration were not affected by the CRM supplementation. Methane production expressed in kJ/MJ gross energy (GE) or digestible energy (DE) intake significantly decreased by 32% at the 2–3% CRM supplementation and reduced by 39% when methane production was expressed in g/kg digested NDF. It can be concluded that 2% CRM supplementation in the corn cob basal diet did not affect nutrient intake and growth rate of the lamb, as well as rumen fermentation.  The study suggests that CRM is an environmentally friendly feed additive for lamb</p>

scholarly journals The potential of nitrate supplementation for modulating the fermentation pattern and mitigating methane emission in ruminants: A meta-analysis from in vitro experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 (1) ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
M Abdelbagi ◽  
R Ridwan ◽  
Nahrowi ◽  
A Jayanegara
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of nitrate supplementation as an in vitro feed additive for modulating the rumen fermentation pattern and mitigating the enteric methane emission by using a meta-analysis method. A database was built from the previously published articles regarding the effectiveness of nitrate as a feed additive in the in vitro rumen fermentation system. Different doses or forms of nitrate supplementations were identified in the database. A total of thirteen studies containing 47 data sets were obtained from ten published research papers. The obtained data were subjected to the mixed model methodology. The doses or the different forms of nitrate were treated as a fixed factor, while the different studies were considered as a random effect. Results showed that nitrate addition decreased significantly (P<0.05) the total gas production, methane production, the TVFAs, and the acetic acid, and increased significantly (P<0.05) ammonia concentration in a linear pattern. However, nitrate did not affect significantly the rumen pH and the population of methanogenic archaea. In conclusion, nitrate is an effective additive for modulating the rumen fermentation by altering the fermentation process resulting in a lower methane production.

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