scholarly journals The potential of nitrate supplementation for modulating the fermentation pattern and mitigating methane emission in ruminants: A meta-analysis from in vitro experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 (1) ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
M Abdelbagi ◽  
R Ridwan ◽  
Nahrowi ◽  
A Jayanegara
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of nitrate supplementation as an in vitro feed additive for modulating the rumen fermentation pattern and mitigating the enteric methane emission by using a meta-analysis method. A database was built from the previously published articles regarding the effectiveness of nitrate as a feed additive in the in vitro rumen fermentation system. Different doses or forms of nitrate supplementations were identified in the database. A total of thirteen studies containing 47 data sets were obtained from ten published research papers. The obtained data were subjected to the mixed model methodology. The doses or the different forms of nitrate were treated as a fixed factor, while the different studies were considered as a random effect. Results showed that nitrate addition decreased significantly (P<0.05) the total gas production, methane production, the TVFAs, and the acetic acid, and increased significantly (P<0.05) ammonia concentration in a linear pattern. However, nitrate did not affect significantly the rumen pH and the population of methanogenic archaea. In conclusion, nitrate is an effective additive for modulating the rumen fermentation by altering the fermentation process resulting in a lower methane production.

Influence of supplementation of tropical plant feed additives on in vitro rumen fermentation and methanogenesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Chatterjee ◽  
D. N. Kamra ◽  
N. Agarwal ◽  
A. K. Patra
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Tropical Plants

Tropical plants rich in secondary metabolites have the potential to modulate rumen fermentation for more efficient food production with reduced environmental impact. In the present study after extensive screening, three tropical tree leaves (Bahunia variegata, Psidium guajava and Cannabis indica) and three herbs (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Trachyspermum ammi and Cinnamomum tamala) were selected to evaluate their effect on buffalo rumen fermentation. Total gas production, substrate degradability, volatile fatty acid pattern and enzyme activities were not affected by any of the plants tested in this study. However, methane production was lowered (P ≤ 0.05) due to inclusion of P. guajava leaves. Anti-methanogenic/anti-protozoal metabolites present in tropical plants seem to be better extracted by ethanol solvent and accordingly the best performing plant i.e. different levels of P. guajava extract was used for further evaluation. Both the methane inhibition and defaunating action of ethanol extract of P. guajava were found to be dose dependent. In conclusion, leaves of P. guajava appear to be a promising plant feed additive for decreasing methane production without affecting feed degradability in the rumen.

scholarly journals Effects of Biochar Produced From Tropical Rice Straw, Corncob and Bamboo Tree at Different Processing Temperatures on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh Van Dung ◽  
Le Duc Thao ◽  
Le Duc Ngoan ◽  
Le Dinh Phung ◽  
Hynek Roubík
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Biomass Resources

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biochar produced from tropical biomass resources (rice straw, corncob and bamboo) at different processing temperatures (300, 500 and 700oC) on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production. Treatments were arranged as a 3x3 factorial with three biomass resources and three biochar processing temperatures. Added biochar occupied 3% of the substrate (DM basic). 250 mg of the air-dried substrate was incubated in 120 ml bottles, which contained 25 ml of mixed rumen fluid and buffer mineral solution. Total gas and methane production, in vitro digestibility of DM, OM, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics were determined at three-time points: 4, 24 and 48 hours of the incubation. Results showed that biomass resources and processing temperatures affected gas production at 4, 24 and 48 hours of the incubation (P < 0.02). Interactions between biomass resources and processing temperatures affected gas production at 4 hours (P = 0.06) and 24 hours (P = 0.001). Biomass resources and processing temperatures affected methane production at different time points of the incubation, except the effect of biomass resources at 24 hours (P = 0.406). Increased processing temperature from 300 to 700oC reduced gas and methane production (P < 0.05). Biomass resources affected OM digestibility after 4 and 24 hours of incubation. Processing temperatures and their interaction with biomass resources affected OM digestibility after 48 hours of incubation (P < 0.001). NH3-N concentrations at 24 and 48h were highest for corncob, then rice straw, and lowest for bamboo tree derived biochar (P < 0.05). Increased processing temperatures resulted in higher NH3-N concentrations at 24 and 48 hours of incubation (P < 0.05). To mitigate methane production, biomass resources and processing temperatures should be considered when utilising biochar as feed additive in ruminant diets.

scholarly journals Effects of Microalgae Species on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Pattern and Methane Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekin Sucu
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Proximate And Mineral Composition

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to establish the effects of two types of microalgae [Chlorella vulgaris (AI), C. variabilis (AII) and their combination (AI+AII)] with two substrates (wheat and corn silages) on rumen fermentation, gas and methane production. To each substrate, one of 3 algae treatment was supplemented at 0% and 25% of the total incubated dry matter. A series of 5 measurement points (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h) were completed and the gas production was monitored. The proximate and mineral composition of microalgae and substrates were examined. At 48 h incubation rumen fermentation variables and CH4 production were also assessed. When compared with wheat silage, corn silage caused an increase in gas production (P<0.05). Ruminal gas production decreased in the algae groups when compared to the controls (0% algae, wheat and corn silages, P<0.05). Among algae, C. vulgaris had the strongest effect, decreasing gas production by 34%. Among algae, the total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and CH4 production were found to be lower in C. variabilis (P<0.001). Ammonia-N increased with the algae inclusion (P<0.05). But, the ruminal gas production, pH, acetate, the total VFA, CH4 and rumen fermentation efficiency were not affected by the substrate and algae interaction (P>0.05). The propionate was the highest (P<0.05) for corn silage when incubated with C. vulgaris. Ruminal butyrate was the lowest for the wheat silage when incubated with the mixture of algae (P<0.05). The NH3-N was the highest in corn silage when incubated with all algae types (P<0.05). Careful selection and combination of substrate and algae may positively manipulate rumen fermentation and may inhibit CH4 production. Further research is needed to validate these results in vivo.

PSXIII-8 Effects of different sources of Zn on in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility of a lactation diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 466-466
Author(s):  
Angela R Boyer ◽  
Yun Jiang ◽  
Alon Blakeney ◽  
Dennis Nuzback ◽  
Brooke Humphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
High Metal Content ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Vistore® minerals are hydroxychloride minerals that feature high metal content and improved bioavailability. This study was conducted to compare different sources of zinc (Zn) on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Three ruminally-cannulated Jersey heifers were adapted to a lactation diet for two weeks before used as donors. Three sources of Zn were tested at 20 ppm: No supplemental Zn (CON), ZnSO4, Vistore Zn, and another Zn hydroxychloride (Vistore-competitor). The concentration of Zn in this study was selected from a titration study (0 to 40 ppm ZnSO4) to identify the minimum concentration of ZnSo4 affecting rumen fermentation. The lactation diet (TMR) was dried and ground to 1mm and used as substrate. Rumen fluid was collected two hours after feeding. Substrate (0.5 g) was inoculated with 100 mL of 3:1 McDougall’s buffer: ruminal flued mixture at 39ºC for 24 h. Each treatment was run in triplicate and in three runs. Data were analyzed with R 3.0. The model included fixed effect of treatment and random effect of run. ZnSO4 reduced (P &lt; 0.05) maximum gas production, DMD (54 vs. 55.9%) and cellulose (27.5 and 40.7%) digestibility. acetate to propionate ration (2.20 vs. 2.24) and NH3-N concentration (6.0 vs. 7.0 mg/dL), increased (P &lt; 0.05) propionate % (27.2 vs 26.7%) compared to control. Vistore had higher pH than control (6.44 vs. 6.40, P = 0.02) but did not affect other parameters compared to CON. Vistore-competitor reduced total VFA production compared to control, ZnSO4, and Vistore (94 vs. 102, 106 and 107 mM, respectively, P = 0.01) but did not affect other parameters. In general, Vistore Zn maintained in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility, while ZnSO4 had negative effects on both fermentation and digestibility and Vistore-competitor reduced total VFAs. Results indicate hydroxychloride minerals may stabilize rumen parameters versus sulfate sources but different hydroxychloride sources appear to influence rumen parameters differently.

scholarly journals Effects of Geraniol and Camphene on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
M. Joch ◽  
V. Kudrna ◽  
B. Hučko
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of geraniol and camphene at three dosages (300, 600, and 900 mg l-1) on rumen microbial fermentation and methane emission in in vitro batch culture of rumen fluid supplied with a 60 : 40 forage : concentrate substrate (16.2% crude protein, 33.1% neutral detergent fibre). The ionophore antibiotic monensin (8 mg/l) was used as positive control. Compared to control, geraniol significantly (P < 0.05) reduced methane production with increasing doses, with reductions by 10.2, 66.9, and 97.9%. However, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility were also reduced (P < 0.05) by all doses of geraniol. Camphene demonstrated weak and unpromising effects on rumen fermentation. Camphene did not decrease (P > 0.05) methane production and slightly decreased (P < 0.05) VFA production. Due to the strong antimethanogenic effect of geraniol a careful selection of dose and combination with other antimethanogenic compounds may be effective in mitigating methane emission from ruminants. However, if a reduction in total VFA production and dry matter digestibility persisted in vivo, geraniol would have a negative effect on animal productivity.

scholarly journals Influence of Kappaphycus Alvarezii and Gracilaria Salicornia Supplementation on in Vitro Fermentation Pattern, Total Gas and Methane Production of Mixed Substrates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vithal K. Munde ◽  
Asit Das ◽  
Putan Singh ◽  
Ashok K. Verma ◽  
Nirmala Muwel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Mixed Substrates ◽  
Gracilaria Salicornia ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Pattern

Abstract This experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementation of Kappaphycus alvarezii (KA) and Gracilaria salicornia (GS) in vitro fermentation pattern, total gas and methane production of mixed substrates. Basal substrate comprising of concentrates and wheat straw (50:50) was supplemented with either 0% (control), 1 (KA1), 2 (KA2), 4 (KA4), 6 (KA6), and 8 % (KA8) of Kappaphycus; and, 1 (GS1), 2 (GS2), 4 (GS4), 6 (GS6), and 8 (GS8 ) of Gracilaria, respectively. Asymptote, rate constant of gas production and t-half, concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was not affected up to 2% level KA supplementation, beyond which asymptote, and rate constant of gas production, TVFA, and IVDMD decreased and t-half increased (P<0.001). Asymptote, rate constant of gas production, TVFA and IVDMD was not affected at 1% level of inclusion, beyond which a steady decline in these parameters was observed (P<0.001). Methane production (ml/g DM) was higher (P<0.001) in CON, followed by KA1 and KA2, and lower values were observed in by KA4, KA6 and KA8. Methane production (ml/kg DM) declined (P<0.001) steadily with increased level of GS in the substrates. From the results it was concluded that inclusion of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria salicornia at 2 and 1%, respectively in the fermentation substrate can reduce in vitro methane production without any adverse impact on total gas production and in vitro dry matter digestibility.

scholarly journals Effects of Thymol Supplementation on Goat Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Microbiota In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangkun Yu ◽  
Liyuan Cai ◽  
Jiacai Zhang ◽  
Ao Yang ◽  
Yanan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rumen Microbiota

This study was performed to explore the predominant responses of rumen microbiota with thymol supplementation as well as effective dose of thymol on rumen fermentation. Thymol at different concentrations, i.e., 0, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and 400 mg/L (four groups × five replications) was applied for 24 h of fermentation in a rumen fluid incubation system. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was applied to investigate the ruminal microbes in addition to the examination of rumen fermentation. Thymol doses reached 200 mg/L and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) total gas production (TGP) and methane production; the production of total volatile fatty acids (VFA), propionate, and ammonia nitrogen, and the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were apparently decreased (p < 0.05) when the thymol dose reached 400 mg/L. A thymol dose of 200 mg/L significantly affected (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of 14 genera of bacteria, three species of archaea, and two genera of protozoa. Network analysis showed that bacteria, archaea, and protozoa significantly correlated with methane production and VFA production. This study indicates an optimal dose of thymol at 200 mg/L to facilitate rumen fermentation, the critical roles of bacteria in rumen fermentation, and their interactions with the archaea and protozoa.

PSXIV-1 In vitro evaluation of methane mitigation using monensin and ammonium nitrate in beef cattle diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 471-472
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Tarozo ◽  
Annelise Aila G Gomes Lobo ◽  
Yuli Andrea A Peña Bermudez ◽  
Danny Alexander Rojas Moreno ◽  
Rafaela Zuliani Spalato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fermentation Kinetics ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract Currently, the use of feed additives appears as an alternative in reducing the environmental impact of animal agriculture, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases and increasing the acceptability of exports in international trade. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro rumen fermentation parameters by adding 4.5% ammonium nitrate and 30 ppm of the additive sodium monensin to beef cattle diets, searching for the best alternative to mitigate methane production. The experiment was performed in an in vitro gas production system, and the fermentation kinetics, methanogenesis and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production were studied. Regarding methanogenesis, it was observed that the diet with ammonium nitrate showed higher in vitro degradability in DM (P = 0.017) and lower methane production (in ml/g of DM; P = 0.0088), compared to the diet with sodium monensin. Considering the fermentation kinetics, it can be stated that acetate production in molar (%) was lower in control and monensin diets, and higher in nitrate and nitrate + monensin diets (P &lt; 0.0001). It is concluded that both treatments ammonium nitrate + sodium monensin and ammonium nitrate alone have mitigating effect on methane emission, when compared to the control treatment. However, ammonium nitrate is more effective in this regard, producing less methane in vitro and having no negative effect on rumen fermentation parameters.

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