Evaluation of maternal and piglet influences on performance of Meishan synthetic and European White breeds of pig during lactation

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 19-19
Author(s):  
A G Sinclair ◽  
S A Edwards ◽  
S Hoste ◽  
A McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Large White ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
White Breed ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cross Fostering

Meishan synthetic sows and gilts have been shown to produce higher litter weights at weaning than White breed type sows and gilts (Sinclair et al. 1995). The explanation for increased litter weight weaned could be attributed to one of three areas: (1) The M sows are inherently better mothers than W and can support a higher level of piglet production. (2) The higher piglet production could be solely a result of hybrid vigour in the cross-bred piglets. (3) The increased litter production could be primarily attributed to a higher number of piglets born and reared by M. This experiment aimed to evaluate the maternal post-natal effects by standardising litters between breeds by cross-fostering techniques.Sixty-four 3rd parity sows were used in a 2x2x2 factorial experiment to assess the influence of maternal breed type (Meishan synthetic 50% [M] or pure-bred European Landrace and Large White [W]), litter size (8 [L] or 12 [H] piglets) and breed of piglet (25% Meishan hybrid [m] or white hybrid [w]) on sow and litter production over a 28 day lactation. All litters were formed by cross-fostering 24hrs after farrowing.

Evaluation of maternal and piglet influences on performance of Meishan synthetic and European White breeds of pig during lactation

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 19-19
Author(s):  
A G Sinclair ◽  
S A Edwards ◽  
S Hoste ◽  
A McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Large White ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
White Breed ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cross Fostering

Meishan synthetic sows and gilts have been shown to produce higher litter weights at weaning than White breed type sows and gilts (Sinclair et al. 1995). The explanation for increased litter weight weaned could be attributed to one of three areas: (1) The M sows are inherently better mothers than W and can support a higher level of piglet production. (2) The higher piglet production could be solely a result of hybrid vigour in the cross-bred piglets. (3) The increased litter production could be primarily attributed to a higher number of piglets born and reared by M. This experiment aimed to evaluate the maternal post-natal effects by standardising litters between breeds by cross-fostering techniques.Sixty-four 3rd parity sows were used in a 2x2x2 factorial experiment to assess the influence of maternal breed type (Meishan synthetic 50% [M] or pure-bred European Landrace and Large White [W]), litter size (8 [L] or 12 [H] piglets) and breed of piglet (25% Meishan hybrid [m] or white hybrid [w]) on sow and litter production over a 28 day lactation. All litters were formed by cross-fostering 24hrs after farrowing.

Evaluation of the influence of maternal and piglet breed differences on behaviour and production of Meishan synthetic and European White breeds during lactation

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Sinclair ◽  
S. A. Edwards ◽  
S. Hoste ◽  
A. McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Fat Loss ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Main Effects

AbstractMeishan synthetic sows and gilts have been shown to produce higher litter weights at weaning than White breed type sows and gilts. To investigate the factors contributing to this, 64 multiparous sows were used in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment to assess the influence of maternal breed type (0·50 Meishan synthetic (M) or purebred European Landrace and Large White (W)), litter size (eight (L) or 12 (H) piglets) and breed of piglet (0·25 Meishan hybrid (m) or white hybrid (w)) on sow and litter production and behaviour over a 28-day lactation. All litters were formed by cross-fostering to standardized litter rearing size 24 h after farrowing. Sows were given food twice daily to appetite. When there were no treatment interactions, main effects are presented. M sows were lighter (M = 215, W = 241 (s.e. 3·61) kg, P < 0·001) and fatter (M = 31·5, W = 21·7 (s.e. 0·72) mm, P < 0·001) at farrowing than W and had higher maternal weight loss (M = 24·7, W = 5·9 (s.e. 0·85) kg, P < 0·001) and higher back fat loss (M = 5·6, W = 2·0 (s.e. 0.28) mm, P < 0·001) in lactation. High litter size resulted in higher maternal weight loss (L = 7·4, H = 13·2 (s.e. 0·85) kg, P < 0·001) and fat loss (L = 2·9, H = 4·7 (s.e. 0·28) mm, P < 0·002) than low litter size. Litter growth rate was higher for M than for W (M = 27·0, W = 14·5 (s.e. 0·42) kg/week, P < 0·002) and for high litter size than for low litter size (L = 24·3, H = 17·3 (s.e. 0·42 kg/week, P < 0·001). The m piglets had lower litter growth rates than w piglets (m = 15·1, w – 16·5 (s.e. 0·42) kg/week, P < 0·001). There were no breed differences in the length of suckling periods but M had shorter suckling intervals than W (M = 38·1, W = 48·7 (s.e. 1·08) min, P < 0·001). It is concluded that the higher litter weights produced by M sows are due solely to maternal effects and not litter size or piglet genotype.

scholarly journals The effective use of Pietren breed at purebred and crossbred selection

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
O. Khmeliova ◽  
R. Stavetska
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large White ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Experimental Group

The article highlights the problem of finding optimal variants of breeding process in a herd of pigs at purebred and crossbred selection. For this purpose, the control and two experimental groups were formed: ♀ Pietrain × ♂ Pietrain (control), ♀ (Pietrain × Large White) × ♂ Large White (first experimental group), ♀ (Pietrain × Durok) × ♂ Pitren (second experimental group). The analysis of the animals performance in these groups was carried out in 40, 30 and 35 parities, respectively. The research was conducted on the basis of PE «Maglevovany M.I.» in the Donetsk region. It has been established that the higher level of reproductive characteristics have sows of first experimental group, which have heredity of Large White breed, this breed is traditionally considered as a maternal form in cross-breeding schemes. For instance, their litter size at birth is higher than the same indicator in the control and second experimental group (plus 0,5, P<0,05, and 0,3 piglets, respectively); by the litter size at weaning at 28 days (plus 1,6, P<0,001, and 0,6 piglets); by the litter size at 2 months (plus 1,6, P<0,001, and 0,4 piglets). The highest piglet survival at the age of 2 months was in the litters, whose ancestor were boars of Pietrain breed (second experimental group) − plus 3,6 and 2,3 %, respectively, compered to purebred piglets of Pietrain breed and the first experimental group. For such complex indexes as the litter weight at weaning and litter weight at 2 months the first experimental group had an advantage of 18,1 kg (P<0,001) and 31,1 kg (P<0,001) over the control group (purebred Pietrain) and 5,4 kg and 7,6 kg − over the second experimental group. However, the average piglet weight of sows of second experimental group both at 28 days and at 2 months are equal to the average piglet weight of the same age of the first experimental group. The piglets, which are descendants of boars of meat breeds Duroc and Pietrain show a tendency to the faster growth even in an early age. The avarage live weight of pigs of the second experimental group at the age of 100 days and 7 months is higher compared to avarage live weight of pigs of the same age of the control and the first experimental groups – plus 8,5–21,7 kg (P<0,01 for the second experimental group) and 4,4–13,5 kg (P<0,001 for the second experimental group), respectively. At the age of 100 days, the maximum average daily gain was obtained in the second experimental group with an advantage of 190 g (P<0,001) compared to control group and 115 g (P<0,001) compared to the first experimental group. It is obvious that hybrids with the faster growth, which were obtained through crossbreeding ♀ (Pietrain × Duroc) × ♂ Pietrain reach a live weight of 100 kg in a shorter period: they need less time needed to reach 100 kg of live weight – 32 days less (P<0,001 ) compared to purebred animals of Pietrain breed (control group) and 18 days less (P<0,001) compared to hybrids ♀ (Pietrain × Large White) × ♂ Large White (the first control group). By such an indicator as the fat thickness the hybrids of the second experimental group dominate by purebred pigs of the same age of the control group (minus 0,2 mm), that characterize the low ability of meat breed for getting fat. The fat thickness of hybrids of the second experimental group was less by 0,9 mm (P<0,001) compared to the pigs of the first experimental group. Thus, in this herd in order to improve the reproductive qualities of sows, it is suggested to use the crossbreeding scheme ♀ (Pietrain × Large White) × ♂ Large White and to improve the fattening qualities of young animals the optimal is scheme of crossbreeding ♀ (Pietrain × Duroc) × ♂ Pietrain. Key words: pigs, Pietrain, Large White, Duroc, purebred and crossbred selection, reproductive and fattening qualities.

Indexes of reproductive ability and their repeatability in sows of different genotypes, taking into account the polymorphism g.1426g> a of the Mc4r gene

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Khalak ◽  
Vasyl Voloshchuk ◽  
Konstiantyn Pochernyaev ◽  
Serhii Smyslov ◽  
Maria Ilchenko
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Large White ◽  
Mc4r Gene ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Consolidation Coefficient

The results of studies of the reproductive ability of sows of different genotypes are given taking into account the polymorphism g.1426G> A of the MC4R gene, the factor of repeatability of characters is determined, and the economic efficiency of the research results is calculated. The experimental part of the research was carried out in the conditions of the «Druzhba-Kaznacheevka» LTD in Dnipropetrovsk region. The objects of research were sows of the Large White breed. It was determined that sows of the main herd, according to signs of reproductive ability, belong to class I and class elite. The experiment showed that sows of genotype AG exceeded their peers of others (GG and AA) in terms of “born piglets total, heads” by 1.6 and 0.7 heads, “Live piglets born (multiple births), heads - by 1 6 and 0.9 heads, “the mass of the litter at the time of birth, kg” - by 2.7 - 1.3 kg., “the mass of the litter at the time of weaning at the age of 28-35 days, kg” - by 5, 1 - 3.9 kg. The difference between animals of the indicated genotypes is: for large-foetus - 0.06-0.01 kg, the index "evenness of the sow’s litter in live weight of piglets at birth, points" - 1.05-1.84 points, index of N. D. Berezovsky - 3.75 -2.36 points. The index of the safety of piglets before weaning ranged from 84.4 to 93.0 %. It was proved that the minimum value of the index “evenness of the sow’s littar in live weight of piglets at the time of birth, points (7.76 ± 1,082 points) are characterized by sows of genotype AA, in which the rate of multiple pregnancy ranged from 8 to 14 pigs, and the value of the sign“ large-foetus, kg "equaled 1.37 kg. The repeatability coefficient for sows of the main herd and sows of the Large White breed of different genotypes for the melanocortin 4 (MC4R) receptor gene ranges from -0.916 ± 0.1418 (І-IV farrow, genotype - GG, sign - “piglet safety before weaning, %) to 0.978 ± 0.0738 (I-V farrow, genotype - GG, sign - “large foetus”, kg ”). The maximum value of the phenotypic consolidation coefficient was found in sows of genotype AA according to the following quantitative characteristics: “live piglets (multiple births), heads.”, “litter weight at the time of birth, kg”, “litter weight at weaning age of 28-35 days, kg "," the safety of piglets before weaning ,% ". The sows of the genotype GG belong to the unconsolidated group according to the signs of reproductive qualities. The use of sows of the genotype for the melanocortin 4 (MC4R) AG receptor gene provides additional products at the level of 5.15 %, and its cost is 165.41 UAH /head. Keywords: sow, breed, reproductive ability, MC4R gene, genotypic consolidation coefficient, variability, correlation, repeatability.

scholarly journals Effect of parity on reproductive performance sows of different breeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-441
Author(s):  
R. Klimas ◽  
A. Klimienė ◽  
W. Sobotka ◽  
W. Kozera ◽  
P. Matusevičius
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Large White ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Piglet Survival

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of parity on reproductive performance by sows of different breeds. The sows were raised on three farms, and had seven or more litters of not fewer than seven piglets. A total of 1511 litters from various parities of Lithuanian White (N =721), Large White (N = 162) and Landrace (N = 628) sows were contained in the data that were used in this study. Multiparous sows had larger litters than primiparous sows. Piglet survival rate declined from parity 7. An increase in litter size was observed until parity 5 in Large White and until parity 6 in improved Lithuanian White (P <0.05). In comparison with parity 1, Landrace sows up to parity 5 showed not only increased prolificacy, but also increased number and litter weight of piglets at 21 days old, and the number and litter weight of weaned piglets (P <0.01). The current findings indicate that sows of these breeds can be used effectively in breeding herds until parity 5 and parity 6.Keywords: Landrace, Large White, Lithuanian White, litter size

Comparative farrowing to weaning performance in Meishan and Large White pigs and their crosses

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Lee ◽  
C. S. Haley
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Large White ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Breed Differences

AbstractGrowth and survival from birth to weaning were monitored during three generations of crossbreeding between British Large White (LW) and Chinese Meishan (MS) pigs. The design allowed comparisons between sow genotypes ranging from zero to all MS genes, which were mated toLWor MS boars, to produce progeny with proportions of 0·0 to 0·5 or 0·5 to 1·0 MS genes, respectively. Crossbreeding parameters of both maternal and direct piglet performance were estimated for the first two parities using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) methods for litter traits (litter weight at birth, litter mean and within litter standard deviation of piglet weight at birth, proportion surviving to weaning, litter size and weight at weaning and litter mean piglet weight at weaning) and for traits of the piglet (birth weight, probability of survival and weaning weight). For litter traits, the estimated contribution of the additive maternal effect to the breed differences (MS-LW) was significant for litter mean piglet birth weight (–0·46 (s.e. 0·04) kg), survival to weaning (0·15 (s.e. 0·02)), litter size at weaning (1·6 (s.e. 0·16) piglets), litter weaning weight (–11·2 (s.e. 3·8) kg) and litter mean piglet weaning weight (2·54 (s.e. 0·24) kg). Adding litter size and litter mean piglet birth weight to the model removed the additive maternal contribution to the breed differences in survival, and litter size and reduced that for litter mean piglet weaning weight. The contribution of the direct additive effect to the breed difference (MS-LW) was significant for the within litter standard deviation in birth weight (0·018 (s.e. 0·006)), survival to weaning (0·12 (s.e. 0·02)) and litter size (1·12 (s.e. 0·64)) and weight (11·6 (s.e. 4·0) kg) at weaning, but not for piglet weight at birth or weaning. Fitting litter size and litter mean birth weight had comparatively little impact on the direct additive effects. There were significant maternal heterosis effects for litter weight at birth and litter size and weight at weaning, the estimated deviation of the F1 from the midpoint of the two purebreds 3·22 (s.e. 0·55) kg, 2·20 (s.e. 0·47) piglets, and 20·1 (s.e. 3·3) kg respectively, but none for survival or piglet weights. There were direct heterosis effects for litter weight and litter mean piglet weights, the estimated deviation of the Fjfrom the mid point of the two purebreds being 1·16 (s.e. 0·41) kg and 0·14 (s.e. 0·02) kg, for survival to weaning (0·04 (s.e. 0·02)) and for litter weight (11·2 (s.e. 2·5) kg) and litter mean piglet weight (0·96 (s.e. 0·17) kg) at weaning. Fitting litter size and litter mean piglet birth weight removed or reduced both maternal and direct heterosis effects. Individual piglet analyses gave similar results to analyses of the equivalent sow trait. It was concluded that in litters born to MS cows, the lower piglet survival and lower weaning weights were related to the larger litter sizes and lower piglet birth weights. For their birth weight, however, MS piglets have a greater ability to survive and thrive. The large direct and maternal heterosis effects observed for litter and mean piglet weight at weaning werepartly associated with the heavier birth weight of the crossbred piglet.

A note on the performance, carcass and muscle quality characteristics of pigs sired by Poland China and Large White boars

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
J. P. Chadwick ◽  
W. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Large White ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYTwo Poland China boars were mated with 12 Large White females and two Large White boars were used on the same number of females of similar background. In the post-weaning period a trial was conducted to compare the performance of purebred and crossbred progeny given a grower's diet on an ad libitum scale of feeding over the live-weight range 28 to 66 kg. Breed of boar did not influence litter size nor total litter weight at either birth or weaning. Poland China crosses compared with Large Whites grew more slowly to slaughter (10 %) but with equal efficiency of live-weight gain. Cross-breds had higher carcass yields (4 %), shorter (3 %) and deeper (2 %) carcasses, lower depths of mid-line and internal fat (11 %) and larger eye-muscle areas (22%). Breed of boar had little influence on joint proportions and no effect on carcass cut-out value. The eye muscles of crossbred carcasses were paler in colour and had higher transmission values but drip loss from the meat was not different.

The effects of pattern of feed distribution during the reproductive cycle on the performance of sows

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYThree groups of 10 Large White gilts were allocated on a littermate basis to 3 feeding regimes, for 3 successive pregnancies and lactations, to provide the following daily allowances: (A) 6 lb feed per day in pregnancy and 2 lb plus 1 lb per pig suckled in lactation; (B) the same total as (A) but given as 4 lb per day in regnancy and 6 lb plus 1 lb per pig suckled in lactation; (C) a lower overall allowance distributed during pregnancy as 5 lb during weeks 1, 2, 15 and 16, 3 to 5 lb during weeks 3, 4, 13 and 14 and 2 lb during weeks 5 to 12, and during lactation increasing by 1 lb per day to appetite or a maximum of 26 lb at the 21st day, and then decreasing by 1 lb every alternate day to a minimum of 5 lb. Creep-feed was provided ad libitum from 3 weeks of age until weaning at 8 weeks of age. Differences between groups in litter size and weight at birth were not significant but the combined measure of litter weight was significantly lower in C than in A and B (P<0·05); litter size (P<0·05) and litter weight (P<0·01) but not individual pig weight increased with parity. At 3 and 8 weeks of age there were no significant differences between groups in size or weight of litters or in individual pig weights. Pigs of Group C sows consumed significantly more (P< 0·001) creep feed (7 lb per head) than those of Groups A and B. Sows of Group A gained double the weight of Groups B and C during pregnancy (P<0001) and lost significantly more (P<0·001) during lactation; Groups B and C did not differ significantly in either respect. Efficiencies of feed conversion (EFC) of total food into total weight by sow and litter were poorest in Group A and best in Group C.

An analysis of reproductive performance in pigs based on records of performance of the boar

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (85) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Baharin ◽  
RG Beilharz
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Large White ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Commercial Farm ◽  
Heritability Estimates

The reproductive performance of 308 boars with total records of 9220 matings from a large commercial farm was analysed. The boars were purebred Large White, Landrace and from the newly synthesized M breed and were mated to purebred and crossbred sows of the same breeds. The M breed was derived from crossing between Large White and Landrace pigs with foundation females selected on the basis of their ability to produce large litters. Over half the total records were from matings with sows of parity 1 and parity 2. Overall production statistics were 78.8 per cent conception rate, an average total litter size of 9.3 pigs born per litter, 6.5 per cent stillbirths, an average litter weight (live piglets) at birth of 12.2 kg, average birth weight per piglet of 1.43 kg and average gestation length of 11 5 days. Most of the traits analysed showed significant effects due to parity of dams, with performance increasing from parity 1 to parity 6 to 8, after which the performance began to decline. There were significant heterosis effects (mainly maternal) on reproduction of the sows and survival performance of the litters resulting in an estimated improvement of 11 per cent in number of live pigs born, 12.4 per cent in total litter weight at birth and 35 per cent reduction in stillbirths. Heritability estimates were generally low for most traits except for boar conception rate which was moderate (0.29).

scholarly journals The different inbreed differentiation sows’ reproductive qualities according to some mathematical models and economic effectiveness of their use

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
V. I. Khalak ◽  
◽  
V. S. Kozyr ◽  
O. S. Grabovska ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Pairwise Correlation ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
White Breed

The large white breed sows’ reproductive qualities using traditional and innovative methods of evaluation are presented, the level of correlations between traits is determined and the economic efficiency of research results is calculated. Sows’ reproductive qualities were studied taking into account the following characteristics: fertility, highfertility, milk yield, number of piglets at weaning, litter weight at weaning at the age of 28–35 days, survival of piglets before weaning. An integrated assessment of sows reproductive qualities was performed according to the sows’ litter uniformity (homogeneity) index by live weight of newborn piglets (Khalak V. I., 2012), sow breeding reproductive qualities index (СІBЯС), (Tcserenyuk O. M., 2010) and Berezovsky M. D. index (Vashchenko P. A., 2019). It has been established that sows of the elite class, according to the sow reproductive qualities selection index (СІBЯС) and the Berezovsky M. D. index dominated peers of class II and class M+ in terms of fertility by an average of 33.40%, milk yield by 32.98% and litter weight at the time of weaning by 26.46%. The criterion for selection of highly productive animals are sows of the elite class, 97.85–123.99 points — according to the sow reproductive qualities selection index (СІBЯС) and 40.18–50.58 — according to the Berezovsky M. D. index. The pairwise correlation coefficient between the characteristics of reproductive qualities ranges from –0.307 to +0.995. The number of reliable connections is 85.71%. The maximum increase in production on the nest weight indicator at the time of weaning at the age of 28–30 days (kg) was obtained from sows of the elite class (+11.07%), as well as M+ on the sows reproductive qualities selection index (СІBЯС) (+16.16%) and the Berezovsky M. D. index (+16.05%).

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