The Ideological Matrix of Reform in Late-19th-Century America and New Zealand: Reading Bellamy's Looking Backward

Prospects ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 29-58
Author(s):  
Francis Shor
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
19Th Century America ◽  
The 19Th Century

The late 19th Century witnessed the beginnings of a profound transformation of the political culture in the industrialized world. With the rise of reform movements concerned with labor, religion, women's rights, and a host of other matters, the winds of change blew around the globe. These crosscurrents were particularly evident in the Anglo-American environment where the ideology of reform reflected certain continuities of culture among the English-speaking countries. In particular, this period of reform saw the development of significant connections between America and New Zealand. While Peter Coleman has ably analyzed the exchanges of ideas that shaped legislation and emergent progressivism in both countries, he has not adequately addressed the complexity of the cultural and ideological dimensions of these exchanges. In considering those cultural and ideological dimensions, I will attempt to offer some insight into the political culture of reform in both countries at the end of the 19th Century.

scholarly journals Brexit, CANZUK, and the legacy of empire

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Bell ◽  
Srdjan Vucetic
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Advocacy Network ◽  
The World ◽  
Ideological Debate ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
New Phase

The Brexit referendum triggered a feverish debate over the future of Britain. Critics warn of a country stripped of its international influence, while advocates insist that it marks the beginning of a new phase in British engagement with the world. This article explores a notable development in the ideological debate. Some prominent Brexit supporters endorse the idea of CANZUK, a union of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. We analyse CANZUK as an attempt to develop a fruitful post-Brexit imaginary and as a case of transnational elite advocacy. We begin by placing CANZUK in the context of debates over the ‘Anglosphere’. We then map the CANZUK advocacy network. Next, we examine past plans for uniting English-speaking polities, tracing the idea back to late 19th-century debates over settler colonialism. We end by sketching some reasons to be sceptical about the project.

3. Ghettos of the imagination

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-60
Author(s):  
Bryan Cheyette
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
The Past ◽  
19Th Century America ◽  
The 19Th Century

With the destruction of ghetto gates by Napoleon Bonaparte’s army, actual ghettos were replaced by imagined ones. ‘Ghettos of the imagination’ explores 19th-century ghetto literature. This literature crossed borders—for example, the exportation of British writer Israel Zangwill’s bestselling fiction to America. Late 19th-century America saw a huge influx of Eastern European refugees fleeing pogroms, leading to the establishment of large urban Jewish communities in its cities. Early French and German ghetto literature portrayed the ghetto as romantic and culturally rich, and associated it with the past. By the end of the 19th century, the free-floating ghetto had moved to the present, across to America, and from Western Europe to Eastern Europe.

What Do We Mean By “Salafī”? Connecting Muḥammad ʿAbduh with Egypt’s Nūr Party in Islam’s Contemporary Intellectual History

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Griffel
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political History ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
Sunni Islam ◽  
The 19Th Century

In contemporary academic literature, the word “Salafī” has a variety of meanings. Most importantly, Western academic literature of the 20th and 21st centuries applies the word to (1) an Islamic reform movement founded by Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī (d. 1897) and Muḥammad ʿAbduh (1849–1905) in the last decades of the 19th century and (2) to contemporary Sunni reform movements that criticize manifestations of Sunni Islam which are based on Sufism, Ashʿarism, and traditional madhhab-affiliations to the Shāfiʿī, Ḥanafī, and Mālikī schools. In a 2010-article Henri Lauzière argued that the use of the word “Salafī” to describe these two movements is an equivocation based on a mistake. While the movement of contemporary Salafīs may be rightfully called by that name, al-Afghānī and ʿAbduh never used the term. Only Western scholars of the 1920s and 30s, most importantly Louis Massignon (1883–1962), called this latter movement “salafī”. This paper reevaluates the evidence presented by Lauzière and argues that Massignon did not make a mistake. The paper describes analytically both reform movements and draws the conclusion that there is a historic continuity that justifies calling them both “salafī”. The paper draws an analogy from the use of the word “socialist” in European political history, which first applied to a wider movement of the late 19th century before its use was contested and narrowed down in the course of the 20th.


The Concept of “Zemsky Sobor” in the Interpretation of State Authority in Russia of the 19th Century: From Karamzin to Stepnyak-Kravchinsky

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 140-155
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Badalyan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
State Authority ◽  
The 19Th Century

“Zemsky Sobor” was one of the key concepts in Russian political discourse in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. It can be traced to the notion well-known already since the 17th century. Still in the course of further evolution it received various mew meaning and connotations in the discourse of different political trends. The author of the article examines various stages of this concept configuring in the works of the Decembrists, especially Slavophiles, and then in the political projects and publications of the socialists, liberals and “aristocratic” opposition.

THE STOCKHOLDER REVIEW COMMITTEE OF THE CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO CANAL COMPANY, 1828–1857: EVIDENCE OF CHANGES IN FINANCIAL REPORTING AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Russ ◽  
Gary J. Previts ◽  
Edward N. Coffman
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Review Committee ◽  
Corporate Governance Structure ◽  
Corporate Form ◽  
The 19Th Century

Canal companies were among the first enterprises to be organized in the corporate form and to require large amounts of capital. This paper examines the stockholder review committee of a 19th century corporation, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company (C&O), and discusses how the C&O used this corporate governance structure to monitor and improve financial management and operations. A major strength was the concern and dedication of the stockholders to the company, while a major weakness was the political control exerted by the State of Maryland. The paper provides an historical perspective on corporate governance in the 19th century. This research contributes to the literature by providing detailed workings and practices of a stockholder review committee. The paper documents corporate governance efforts in archival sources that provide an early example of accountability required in a corporate charter and the manner in which the stockholders carried out this responsibility.

Accounting Practices Concerning the Boris Family Business in Brazil: 1882–1896

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Adolfo Henrique Coutinho e Silva ◽  
Amaury José Rezende ◽  
Flávia Zóboli Dalmácio ◽  
José Paulo Cosenza
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Accounting History ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Jel Classifications

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to provide a general narrative of the accounting practices of the company Boris Frères & Co. Ltd., popularly known as “Casa Boris,” which played an important role in the trade practices in Brazil's history in the late 19th century. To accomplish this objective, the authors reviewed and summarized the company's account books, accounting records, and other documents from 1882 to 1896, focusing on the usefulness of the accounting practices adopted and identifying the economic and legal factors that influenced its accounting system at the time. The findings constitute important records of Brazil's accounting history in the 19th century and provide evidence concerning the levels of development and adequacy of the accounting practices adopted by Brazilian commercial firms in the period. JEL Classifications: F13; M10; N00; N76.

scholarly journals Variations in American marketing practices of early 19th-century ceramic importers and dealers, reflecting culture and identity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-375
Author(s):  
Neil Ewins
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advertising Strategy ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose This paper explores the advertising strategy of crockery importers and dealers in relationship to their origins and backgrounds. This is a departure from earlier ceramic-history literature which tended to focus on the Staffordshire producers, with limited awareness on how the identity of importers and dealers influenced what products were sold, and their individual approaches to marketing. Design/methodology/approach Within a context of historical marketing research, this paper analyses newspaper advertising and commentary. It combines an examination of marketing practices with a wider consideration of the cultural identities of ceramic importers and dealers. The digitalization of historical records, combined with sophisticated search engines, makes it more feasible to examine a broader range of sources. Thus, modern research methods can enhance our understanding of production and demand and reveal how marketing strategy was diverse. Findings Awareness on how advertising was influenced by the backgrounds and socio-political views of importers and dealers demonstrates ways in which Anglo-American ceramic trade could be far more market-led. More significantly, marketing approaches were not necessarily responding to American demand, but rather that importers could engage in commissioning goods which reflected their own views on politics, religion or slavery. Originality/value Examining the advertising of importers demonstrates the complex relationship between production and ceramic demand. This paper opens up debates as to how far the advertising of other merchandise in the USA shows evidence of taking a more individual approach by the 19th century.

THE BEGINNING (OR END) OF MOROCCAN HISTORY: HISTORIOGRAPHY, TRANSLATION, AND MODERNITY IN AHMAD B. KHALID AL-NASIRI AND CLEMENTE CERDEIRA

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Calderwood
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Thinking ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Military Technology ◽  
Spanish Translation ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

AbstractThis article analyzes two accounts of the Hispano-Moroccan War of 1859–60 in light of scholarly debates about historiography, translation, and modernity in the colonial context. The first text is Ahmad b. Khalid al-Nasiri'sKitab al-Istiqsa(1895), which explores the organization of the Spanish army in an effort to understand the military technology and state apparatus behind colonial domination. The second text, Clemente Cerdeira'sVersión árabe de la Guerra de África(1917), is framed as an annotated Spanish translation of al-Nasiri's text, but Cerdeira suppresses key passages from al-Nasiri's account in order to undermine any hint that the Moroccan historian's thinking is reformist or modern. By comparing these two accounts of the same war, the article aims to situate al-Nasiri's text within the reform movements that spread through the Muslim Mediterranean in the 19th century and to use al-Nasiri's historical thinking as a model for theorizing Moroccan modernity.

Ein föderales Imperium?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Rummel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
British Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
The Other ◽  
The 19Th Century

The previously ignored model of Greek colonisation attracted numerous actors from the 19th century British empire: historians, politicians, administrators, military personnel, journalists or anonymous commentators used the ancient paradigm to advocate a global federation exclusively encompassing Great Britain and the settler colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Unlike other historical templates, Greek colonisation could be viewed as innovative and unspent: innovative because of the possibility of combining empire and liberty and unspent due to its very novelty, which did not contain the ‘imperial vice’ the other models had so often shown and which had always led to their political and cultural decline.

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