scholarly journals On the Action of Metallic (and other) Salts on Carbonate of Lime

1892 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Irvine ◽  
W. S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Copper Nitrate ◽  
Cobalt Nitrate ◽  
Iron Chloride ◽  
Lead Chloride ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Chromium Nitrate ◽  
Manganese Sulphate ◽  
Silver Phosphate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marine Station

It is well known that pseudomorphic changes take place with many minerals. These changes may be either by alteration or displacement. In the case of carbonate of lime they are generally of the former order.Among other work conducted at the Marine Station, Granton, during the past year, a number of experiments were instituted with the view of showing how far carbonate of lime was influenced in this direction by metallic and other salts.Corals, preferably the more porous and soft varieties, were selected for this purpose, and these were exposed to the action of solutions of the following salts:–Chloride of manganese, sulphate of iron, chloride of zinc, chloride of chromium, nitrate of nickel, nitrate of cobalt, nitrate of copper, nitrate of lead, chloride of mercury, chloride of tin, nitrate of silver, phosphate of ammonia.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Effect of Costus Afer On Trace Metal Mixture Treated Rats Mediated By Regulation of Oxidative Stress Markers, Inflammatory Cytokines And Bio-Metal Chelation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brilliance Onyinyechi Anyanwu ◽  
Anthonet N. Ezejiofor ◽  
Ify L. Nwaogazie ◽  
Orish Ebere Orisakwe
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lead Chloride ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Metal Chelation ◽  
Metal Mixture ◽  
Costus Afer

Abstract Technological developments have led to exposure to various substances that are harmful to the environment and public health, including heavy metals. In the environment, these grades of metals are usually diverse mixtures shown to cause physiological, biochemical and neurological dysfunctions in humans and laboratory animals. Cadmium, Lead, and mercury have been envisaged to exhibit their hepatotoxic effects by oxidative induction damage and synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The current work evaluated the protective activity of aqueous leaf extract of Costus afer (ALECA)) on liver damage arsing from exposure to trace metal mixture (TMM): cadmium chloride (CdCl2), lead chloride (PbCl2), and mercury chloride (HgCl2). Five groups of weight matched Sprague Dawley rats were treated for 90 days. Metal mixture and deionized water were used to treat the 2 groups of rats whereas the other 3 groups were treated with various doses of the ALECA through oral gavage alongside the metal mixture. Hepatic function parameters, oxidative biomarkers, inflammatory cytokines, Morphological changes and trace metals (concentrations were monitored in the liver). TMM treatment resulted in significant increase in ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, IL-6, MDA, but decreased albumin, total protein, IL-10, SOD, CAT and GSH levels. TMM also caused some morphological changes and increased the heavy metal (Pb, Cd and Hg) concentrations in the liver. The leaf extract gave a reasonable protective effect on the hepatotoxicity caused by trace metal mixture - through the mechanisms of metal chelation, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant although this depends on the dosage to the rats. ALECA may be beneficial in the management of liver toxicity.

The Solubility of Carbonate of Lime in Fresh and Sea Water

1890 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marine Station ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Past Winter

At Dr Murray's request, I have during the past winter continued the investigation of Messrs Irvine and Young on the solubility of carbonate of lime in its different forms in sea water (the results of which they submitted to this Society in May 1888); and the following notes of the work done and the results obtained by me, under Mr Irvine's guidance, in the laboratory of the Marine Station, Granton, may be of interest.

SPECIFIC HEATS OF CERTAIN SALTS OF IRON GROUP ELEMENTS FROM 65° TO 300°K.

1950 ◽  
Vol 28a (4) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Vasileff ◽  
H. Grayson-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Cobalt Nitrate ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Nickel Nitrate ◽  
Chromium Nitrate ◽  
Iron Group ◽  
Anhydrous Salt ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Entropy Changes

Using a new low temperature calorimeter, which is briefly described in the paper, the specific heats have been measured from 65° to 300°K. for the following salts: chromium sulphate (hydrated and anhydrous), chromium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and nickel nitrate (hydrated). Hydrated chromium sulphate was found to have a transition of the second order at 195°K., while the specific heat of the anhydrous salt was quite regular. The hydrated nitrates all showed second order transitions in the neighborhood of 150°K. The entropy changes associated with these transitions have been estimated approximately, and vary from about 0.4 R for cobalt nitrate to 1.65 R for chromium nitrate, where R is the gas constant. Pending further evidence, it is tentatively suggested that the transitions are due to the onset of partial rotation of the H2O groups in the crystals.

Effects of synthesis conditions on the synthesis of carbon nanofibers by ethanol catalytic combustion

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-751
Author(s):  
J. Cheng ◽  
X.P. Zou ◽  
G. Zhu ◽  
M. F. Wang ◽  
Y. Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Catalytic Combustion ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Cobalt Nitrate ◽  
Iron Chloride ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
Synthesis Conditions

In this paper, the effects of position of substrates in flames, preparation time, stability of flames and catalyst precursors on the synthesis of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) by ethanol catalytic combustion (ECC) were investigated. For investigating the effects of these influence factors on the synthesis of CNFs, several sets of controlled experiments were performed, such as preparation experiments with different position of substrates in flames, different preparation time, stable and unstable flames, and different catalyst precursors. In our experiments, the catalyst precursors were iron nitrate, cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate, and iron chloride, cobalt chloride, nickel chloride. The as-synthesized products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. Our results indicate that the optimal position of substrates in flames is more than 1cm and less than 2.5cm, the optimal preparation time is more than 5min and less than 30min for massive yield, stable flames would be tent to synthesize CNFs with mainly single-type morphology and could improve the graphitization of CNFs, and the catalyst precursors obviously have effects on the synthesis of CNFs.

scholarly journals Activated Carbon-Spinels Composites for Waste Water Treatment

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1070
Author(s):  
Ernesto de la Torre ◽  
Ana Lozada ◽  
Maricarmen Adatty ◽  
Sebastián Gámez
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Copper Nitrate ◽  
Cobalt Nitrate ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Copper Ferrite ◽  
Cyanide Oxidation ◽  
Two Phases

Nowadays, mining effluents have several contaminants that produce great damage to the environment, cyanide chief among them. Ferrites synthesized from transition metals have oxidative properties that can be used for cyanide oxidation due to their low solubility. In this study, cobalt and copper ferrites were synthesized via the precipitation method, using cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, and iron nitrate as precursors in a molar ratio of Co or Cu:Fe = 1:2 and NaOH as the precipitating agent. The synthesized ferrites were impregnated in specific areas on active carbon. These composites were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Spectroscopy (SEM). The XRD results revealed a cubic spinel structure of ferrites with a single phase of cobalt ferrite and two phases (copper ferrite and copper oxides) for copper. The CoFe2O4 impregnated on active carbon reached a cyanide oxidation of 98% after 8 h of agitation; the composite could be recycled five times with an 18% decrease in the catalytic activity. In cobalt ferrites, a greater dissolution of iron than cobalt was obtained. In the case of copper ferrite, however, the copper dissolution was higher. These results confirm that ferrites and activated carbon composites are a novel alternative for cyanide treatment in mining effluents.

Live protist curation at the Scottish Association for Marine Science, 1884–2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Day ◽  
Michael Francis Turner
Keyword(s):  
Culture Collection ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
Microbial Biodiversity ◽  
Biological Association ◽  
Marine Biological ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marine Biological Association ◽  
Marine Station ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Understanding and exploiting marine microbial biodiversity is a huge task. Integral to this is the capacity to identify and maintain exemplar taxa ex situ, so that they may be studied or utilized. This paper focuses on protists, primarily photosynthetic protists, including microalgae and macroalgae, as well as the prokaryotic cyanobacteria. It draws together the strands of activities undertaken by scientists in the fields of taxonomy, systematics and algal cultivation associated with the Scottish Association for Marine Science at Oban and its predecessors: the Scottish Marine Station, originally located on a converted lighter, The Ark, in a flooded quarry in Granton near Edinburgh, then subsequently at Millport on the Clyde; the Marine Biological Association – West Scotland at Millport; and the Scottish Marine Biological Association, founded in 1914, initially at Millport and subsequently at Dunstaffnage, Oban. The work undertaken is interwoven with the historical status and development of protistan curation over the past 130 years. The paper also examines the inter-linkages of the organization with the development of cultivation techniques and the provision of biological resources from 1914 by the then newly established Scottish Marine Biological Association to the Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa today. Finally, we briefly outline current developments that will influence the curation and scientific exploitation of these diverse organisms in the future.

Study on structure and magnetic properties of Cr3+-doped Ni–Cu–Co ferrites prepared by sol–gel method

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (33) ◽  
pp. 2050379
Author(s):  
Zhuo Zuo ◽  
Aimin Sun ◽  
Lichao Yu ◽  
Nanzhaxi Suo ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Copper Nitrate ◽  
Cobalt Nitrate ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Ferric Nitrate ◽  
Spinel Type ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method

In this paper, nickel nitrate, copper nitrate, cobalt nitrate, ferric nitrate were used as raw materials, citric acid was used as a complexing agent, and chromium nitrate was used as a modifier to synthesize [Formula: see text] by sol–gel method. The sample was characterized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data on the sample showed that the particle size of the sample was 52.14–54.88 nm. The lattice constant varied from 8.3569 Å to 8.3758 Å. The data of Fourier infrared showed that the sample did not change with the structure of the doped sample of Cr ion and remained as the spinel type. It can be seen by SEM that the sample is irregularly spherical. Due to the doping of chromium ions, it appears agglomerated. Analysis of the elements of the sample by EDAX revealed that the sample contained Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, O and a peak corresponding to the Cr element was found in the sample having crion content of 0.025, 0.050, 0.075 and 0.100. The magnetic properties of the samples were characterized using VSM. The data are processed to obtain magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization and coercivity.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Costus Afer on Trace Metal Mixture Treated Rats Mediated by Regulation of Oxidative Stress Markers, Inflammatory Cytokines and Bio-Metal Chelation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brilliance O. Anyanwu ◽  
Anthonet N. Ezejiofor ◽  
Ify L. Nwaogazie ◽  
Orish Ebere E Orisakwe
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lead Chloride ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Metal Chelation ◽  
Metal Mixture ◽  
Costus Afer

Abstract Technological developments have led to exposure to various substances that are harmful to the environment and public health, including heavy metals. In the environment, these grades of metals are usually diverse mixtures shown to cause physiological, biochemical and neurological dysfunctions in humans and laboratory animals. Cadmium, Lead, and mercury have been envisaged to exhibit their hepatotoxic effects by oxidative induction damage and synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The current work evaluated the protective activity of aqueous leaf extract of Costus afer (ALECA)) on liver damage arsing from exposure to trace metal mixture (TMM): cadmium chloride (CdCl2), lead chloride (PbCl2), and mercury chloride (HgCl2). Five groups of weight matched Sprague Dawley rats were treated for 90 days. Metal mixture and deionized water were used to treat the 2 groups of rats whereas the other 3 groups were treated with various doses of the ALECA through oral gavage alongside the metal mixture. Hepatic function parameters, oxidative biomarkers, inflammatory cytokines, Morphological changes and trace metals (concentrations were monitored in the liver). TMM treatment resulted in significant increase in ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, IL-6, MDA, but decreased albumin, total protein, IL-10, SOD, CAT and GSH levels. TMM also caused some morphological changes and increased the heavy metal (Pb, Cd and Hg) concentrations in the liver. The leaf extract gave a reasonable protective effect on the hepatotoxicity caused by trace metal mixture - through the mechanisms of metal chelation, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant although this depends on the dosage to the rats. ALECA may be beneficial in the management of liver toxicity.

Observations of the continuum near the galactic centre

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
F. J. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Galactic Centre ◽  
The Past ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
The Continuum

A continuum survey of the galactic-centre region has been carried out at Parkes at 20 cm wavelength over the areal11= 355° to 5°,b11= -3° to +3° (Kerr and Sinclair 1966, 1967). This is a larger region than has been covered in such surveys in the past. The observations were done as declination scans.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document