scholarly journals Single-handed Voyages and the Collision Regulations

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
L. R. R. Foster ◽  
H. G. Hasler ◽  
J. D. Sleightholme ◽  
A. N. Cockcroft ◽  
A. Wepster
Keyword(s):  
General Statement ◽  
Dugout Canoes ◽  
The Subject

The 1972 Collision Regulations, which came into force in July 1977, strengthen the injunction on all vessels to keep a proper lookout by making it the subject of a separate Rule rather than including it in a general statement relating to the ordinary practice of seamen. The old Rule which laid down that nothing in the Rules would exonerate any vessel from the consequences of (amongst other things) ‘any neglect to keep a proper lookout’ virtually left what constitutes a proper lookout to the Courts. Rule 5 of the 1972 Regulations is much more specific. It reads: ‘Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper lookout by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and the risk of collision’. The Regulations apply in effect to ‘every description of water craft’ although it is reasonable to suppose from their source that the kind of vessel most in mind, unless otherwise stated, is the power-driven ship rather than, say, sampans or dugout canoes.

scholarly journals Differentiation and Ore-deposits

1920 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 290-299
Author(s):  
R. H. Rastall
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
General Statement ◽  
Blast Furnace Practice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Genesis Of Ore Deposits

AT the present time most mining geologists appear to be in general agreement on the principle that primary ore-deposits are derived from igneous magmas. Furthermore, it is now almost universally recognized that the segregation and concentration of the metals and their compounds into payable ore-deposits is but part of a larger and more fundamental problem, namely, the differentiation of the igneous rocks, a problem which has exercised the ingenuity of petrologists for many years past and is still by no means solved. Unfortunately most of the speculations and theories put forward in explanation of these phenomena are in the main founded on facts and inferences derived from the study of the silicates; comparatively few petrologists have taken into account the behaviour of the oxidic and sulphidic compounds of the useful metals, which are commonly regarded in the light of rare and accidental constituents of the magma, rather than as having any particular bearing on the point at issue. The most notable exception to this general statement is Vogt, whose work on slags and ore-deposits is of an epoch-making character from the theoretical point of view, as well as of immense practical importance in smelting and blast-furnace practice. However, within the last few years great attention has been devoted by mining geologists to the subject of the genesis of ore-deposits, mainly because of its bearing on the question of persistence in depth or the replacement at lower levels of one ore by another, such as is known to occur in certain cases. It may be suggested, therefore, that the time has now come when it may be possible to attempt to combine the facts hitherto discovered along different lines of research into a coherent whole.

An analysis of several varieties of British and Foreign salt (muriate of soda), with a view to explain their fitness for different economical purposes

1832 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 356-360
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
General Statement ◽  
Chemical Difference ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
The Subject

An opinion having for some time prevailed, both in this and in other countries, to the prejudice of British salt as a preserver of animal food, and large sums of money being annually paid to foreign nations, in conformity to this opinion, for the supply of an article which Great Britain possesses beyond almost any other country in Europe, Dr. Henry has been induced to undertake the present inquiry, for the purpose of ascertaining whether the preference of foreign salt be founded on accurate experiments, or merely a matter of prejudice; and in the former case, whether any chemical difference could be discovered that would explain that superiority. The subject is divided into three p arts: in the first of which are contained, general observations on the different kinds of salt manufactured, and the modes of preparing them. The second division contains the general statement of the results of the experiments, and conclusions deducible from them. But since a long detail of analytical processes must be uninteresting to very many persons, to whom the results will be acceptable, the description of the method employed by Dr. Henry, in his analysis, is reserved for the last section, in which (as the author observes) are not to be expected any novelties in science, but merely a careful selection and 'employment of known processes.

The Utility of the Psychiatric Out-Patient Clinic

1931 ◽  
Vol 77 (317) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Skottowe
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
General Statement ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Concise Description ◽  
General Method

It is usual to open a paper with a historical survey of the subject under review. In a sense that is an academic approach. This paper, however, deals with the purely utilitarian aspect of psychiatric out-patient clinics; and a historical survey would only be in place if it were to give us practical suggestions, likely to prove of value in present circumstances. Up to the present time most of the literature of this subject has been in the shape of formal annual reports. A notable exception to this general statement was the paper on “The Oxford Clinic,” communicated by Dr. Good at the Annual Meeting of this Association in 1921. That paper was not only an account of the general method of working a clinic, but was a concise description of how psychiatric out-patients should be handled. It was followed in 1922 by a paper by Dr. Ninian Bruce, dealing more particularly with Ministry of Pensions Clinics, and expressing the view that the methods employed there could be satisfactorily adapted for civilian patients. It is interesting to note that Dr. Ninian Bruce used the future tense in describing the utility of these clinics, and that practically all of his forecasts either have come, or are coming, true. The methods described by these writers have been widely used in many clinics in the ten years which have since passed; various practical points have cropped up; legislation has been changed; and a review of the utility of the psychiatric out-patient clinic in the light of these things is the aim of the present paper.

scholarly journals Thallic Sulphates and Double Sulphates

1904 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Marshall
Keyword(s):  
General Statement ◽  
Hydrated Salt ◽  
Double Salts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Double Sulphates

In a note on “the hydrolysis of thallic sulphate” which I communicated to the Society some time ago, I commented on theconflicting nature of the statements, made by various investigators, as to the exact composition and nature of thallic sulphate. As the subject appeared of some interest, I subsequently commenced an investigation of the salt and of the double salts derived from it. The results so far obtained are in some respects rather striking, but the investigation is not yet completed, and my reason for now publishing a general statement of these results is, that apparently others besides myself are working in the same field. A paper has just been published by James Locke, in which the author describes a caesium thallic sulphate which he obtained while endeavouring to prepare cæsium thallic alum. No alum could be obtained, the most hydrated salt corresponding to the formula CsTl(SO4)2, 3H2O.

Words

PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1320-1327
Author(s):  
Colbert Searles
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
The Subject

THE germ of that which follows came into being many years ago in the days of my youth as a university instructor and assistant professor. It was generated by the then quite outspoken attitude of colleagues in the “exact sciences”; the sciences of which the subject-matter can be exactly weighed and measured and the force of its movements mathematically demonstrated. They assured us that the study of languages and literature had little or nothing scientific about it because: “It had no domain of concrete fact in which to work.” Ergo, the scientific spirit was theirs by a stroke of “efficacious grace” as it were. Ours was at best only a kind of “sufficient grace,” pleasant and even necessary to have, but which could, by no means ensure a reception among the elected.

Artificial satellite orbit computations

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
P. Sconzo
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Satellite Orbit ◽  
Artificial Satellites ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Differential Correction ◽  
Gravitational Effects ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Introductory Discussion ◽  
Orbit Computation

In this paper an orbit computation program for artificial satellites is presented. This program is operational and it has already been used to compute the orbits of several satellites.After an introductory discussion on the subject of artificial satellite orbit computations, the features of this program are thoroughly explained. In order to achieve the representation of the orbital elements over short intervals of time a drag-free perturbation theory coupled with a differential correction procedure is used, while the long range behavior is obtained empirically. The empirical treatment of the non-gravitational effects upon the satellite motion seems to be very satisfactory. Numerical analysis procedures supporting this treatment and experience gained in using our program are also objects of discussion.

C. Wire Cabling for Telescope Systems

1966 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 159-161
Keyword(s):  
The Subject ◽  
Data Multiplexing

Rule: I'd like at this point to bring up the subject of cables and wireways around the telescope. We've touched upon this twice during previous sessions: the cable wrap up problem, the communications problem, and data multiplexing problem. I think we'll ask Bill Baustian if he will give us a brief run down on what the electrical run problems are, besides doubling the system every year.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Direct Observations of the Epitaxial Growth of Sputtered Ag on Si

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
J. S. Maa ◽  
Thos. E. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam Sputtering ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
In Situ Electron Microscopy ◽  
Beam Sputtering ◽  
The Subject

The growth of Ag films deposited on various substrate materials such as MoS2, mica, graphite, and MgO has been investigated extensively using the in situ electron microscopy technique. The three stages of film growth, namely, the nucleation, growth of islands followed by liquid-like coalescence have been observed in both the vacuum vapor deposited and ion beam sputtered thin films. The mechanisms of nucleation and growth of silver films formed by ion beam sputtering on the (111) plane of silicon comprise the subject of this paper. A novel mode of epitaxial growth is observed to that seen previously.The experimental arrangement for the present study is the same as previous experiments, and the preparation procedure for obtaining thin silicon substrate is presented in a separate paper.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

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