scholarly journals Night-time Lookout Duty: The Role of Ambient Light Levels and Dark Adaptation

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Wynn ◽  
Peter A. Howarth ◽  
Bert R. Kunze
Keyword(s):  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Ambient Lighting ◽  
Small Craft

The aim of this research was to clarify and quantify the demands of the working environment and watch-keeping regime for large commercial ships in relation to dark adaptation. The night lookout task requires the identification of the relatively bright navigational lights of other ships against the dark background of the sky and sea. The probability of detection is determined by the ambient lighting conditions on the bridge and the dark adapted state of vision. Light levels were such that threshold sensitivity (after 15 minutes) was reduced by around 2 log units in comparison to complete darkness. This has implications for the effective range of navigational lights at sea as defined in regulations. The intensity and position of navigation lights on larger vessels is such that the sensitivity of the eye under typical bridge conditions is likely to be sufficient for their visibility to be acceptable. This may not be the case for less well lit small craft.

P–188 Ambient light intensity and wavelength in the IVF laboratory does not affect life birth rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Farrera. Ayestaran ◽  
V Montalvo ◽  
J Masso ◽  
A Garcia-Faura ◽  
B Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Ambient Illumination ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Ambient Lighting

Abstract Study question Do different wavelengths and intensities in ambient lighting affect clinical outcomes? Summary answer Variations on ambient lighting intensity and wavelength do not affect life birth rates. What is known already Light is one of the factors to consider when designing an IVF laboratory. Most IVF clinics work under reduced illumination, trying to mimic uterine conditions as much as possible. Nevertheless, it has been described that 95% of the light that affects an embryo comes from the microscope, not ambient lighting. It is well accepted that exposure to extreme lighting conditions affects embryos through photo-oxidation and the creation of reactive oxygen species. Still, there is no study that documents the effect of different wavelengths on human embryos. Study design, size, duration Prospective study performed between january 2019 and february 2020. Every 60 days we changed ambient illumination conditions using the LED lighting installed throughout the IVF laboratory. Six different groups were created: Cyan (470nm), Green (550nm), Yellow (600nm), Orange (625nm), intense white (WH), and low intensity white (WL) as control group. Participants/materials, setting, methods A total of 572 egg donation cicles with 355 fresh single embryo transfers were included in the study. In all cycles ICSI and Time-lapse culture was performed (Embryoscope, Vitrolife). PGT and testicular biopsy/aspiration treatments were excluded. Eggs and embryos were exposed to ambient illumination during pick-up, denudation, ICSI, and embryo transfer procedures. Main results and the role of chance Light exposure during embryo/gamete manipulation is inevitable. Hence, we analyzed parameters linked to the success of an IVF cycle to assess the effect of different lighting conditions concluding that neither light color nor intensity affect IVF success rates. No differences were found between groups regarding maternal age, age of the recipient, diagnostic, or number of eggs received (p > 0.05). Fertilization rates were similar between groups (C = 77.04%; G = 73.72%; Y = 75.64%; O = 78.1%; WL = 76.4%; WH = 75.2%; p = 0.216) as well as good quality blastocyst rates (C = 57.35%; G = 57.37%; Y = 62.30%; O = 59.75%; WL = 63.28%; WH = 60.55%; p = 0.234). Regarding clinical outcomes both implantation and miscarriage rates were found to be equal between groups (C = 61.67%; G = 52.89%; Y = 55.10%; O = 66.18%; WL = 66.00%; WH = 53.55%; p = 0.194, and C = 24.32%; G = 19.15%; Y = 11.11%; O = 24.44%; WL = 15.15%; WH = 8.11%; p = 0.301). The main outcome for this study was live birth rates and no differences were found (C = 51.85%; G = 50.00%; Y = 52.17%; O = 53.97%; WL = 57.14%; WH = 50.75%; p = 0.168). Limitations, reasons for caution We must take into account that embryos were cultured inside a time-lapse incubator, diminishing the effect of ambient light. Wider implications of the findings: This study demonstrates that, with advances in culture technology, neither light intensity nor light wavelength affecting gametes/embryos during manipulation influence clinical outcomes. Trial registration number Not applicable

scholarly journals An Investigation of Navigation Processes in Human Locomotor Behavior

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (26) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christi J. Adams ◽  
Robert J. Beaton
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Locomotor Behavior ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Time To Contact ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Ambient Lighting ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Post Hoc

An observational study examined how available ambient lighting affected the time required for high attention, fine navigation when approaching a navigation hazard. Low ambient light levels, representing twilight and night conditions, increase the amount of time required for fine navigation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed differences in ambient light levels yielded differences in time to contact for three direct contact hazards and two passing hazards. Under all conditions, post hoc analysis showed responses for Night lighting levels were different from Day lighting levels. Specific comparisons between types of navigation hazards were not contemplated, since perceptual and motor requirements varied considerably among hazards.

Convolutional neural network-based ambient light-independent panel digit surveillance technique for infusion pumps

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192199609
Author(s):  
Young Jun Hwang ◽  
Gun Ho Kim ◽  
Eui Suk Sung ◽  
Kyoung Won Nam
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Infusion Pumps ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Ambient Lighting ◽  
Independent Panel ◽  
Monitoring Test

For effective patient therapy and improved patient safety, it is critical to administer medication accurately in accordance with doctor’s prescription. However, accidents owing to the erroneous programing of infusion pumps caused by users have been consistently reported in several documents. In this study, the authors propose a novel surveillance technique for infusion pumps to continuously monitor the variations in panel digits using a convolutional neural network model, and evaluate the performance of the implemented technique. During the experimental evaluation, 1st-step ROIs and 2nd-step ROIs were successfully extracted from the frame images regardless of the ambient lighting conditions. The final accuracies of the implemented CNN model are 99.9% for both the training (172,800 images) and validation (1080 images) dataset while the final losses for the training and validation datasets are 0.48 and 0.45 after 13th epoch, respectively. In the 24-h continuous monitoring test, the accuracy of the model for volume recognition considering all the 1440 measurements (960 for day-lighting and 480 for night-lighting) is 95.5%, whereas in day-lighting and night-lighting modes the accuracies of the model are 98.2% and 90.0%, respectively. Based on these experimental results, the proposed surveillance technique incorporating infusion pumps is expected to improve the safety of patients who need long-term treatments via infusion pumps, reducing the burden on the nurses and hospitals.

Measurement of the Opacity of Smoke and Suspensions under Ambient Lighting Conditions

1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Churchley
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Reference Beam ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Optical Cell ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Ambient Lighting ◽  
Scattering Systems

An entirely solid state photoelectric meter for the measurement of optical density is described. No light sealing arrangements are required, greatly simplifying the cleaning of the optical cell and facilitating the entry and exit of material when measurements are taken on flowing systems. Ambient light reaching the detector does not interfere with the measurements since the reference beam is coded. This beam is generated by a light emitting diode, avoiding many of the problems of conventional sources. The system has a wide application and its robustness should assure it a position in the field as well as the laboratory. Any change in the intensity of the reference beam can be measured, so the properties of transmissive, reflective or scattering systems may be measured.

scholarly journals Home ergonomics – lessons learned

2021 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 11012
Author(s):  
Maria-Elena Boatca ◽  
Anca Draghici ◽  
Alin Gaureanu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Social And Physical Environment

The current pandemic conditions generated new ways of working and learning by shifting from face-to-face to remote and online working environment. From an ergonomics perspective, this change involved a large variety of adaptations to ‘the new normal’, especially inappropriate furniture, and inadequate social and physical environment conditions. Therefore, the paper aims to provide a deeper understanding on the role of education in ergonomics on the basis of a study on students at Politehnica University of Timisoara. There is little to no information available on ergonomic conditions in which students attend online classes and prepare their projects. The study involved several steps: (1) attendance to an educational session where they were informed on how to sit and organise their working space; (2) presentation of their current and wished working space; and (3) response to a detailed checklist targeted at understanding both their perception and effects on their health regarding online schooling. The results were, to an extent, predicted by the authors: students do not have adequate furniture and lighting conditions; furthermore, the effects on their health are already visible, although not severe.

Senior Living - Lighting, Circadian Rhythm and Dementia I

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Tadej Glažar ◽  
Marjeta Zupancic ◽  
Samo Kralj ◽  
Robert Peternelj
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Joint Fracture ◽  
Lease Contracts

The Real Estate Fund of Pension and Disability Insurance (Nepremicninski Sklad) in Slovenia, founded in1997 is the owner of 3255 properties in 116 locations throughout the country and is intended for solving housing issues of pensioners of 65 years or older and other elderly persons who are allowed independently to live. The lease contracts are concluded for an indefinite period of time. The aim and vision of the Fund is to improve the quality of life for the elderly tenants by adapting the living environment, the flats and surroundings according to the physical needs of aging tenants. Homes for seniors often have low light levels and poor light spectrum caused by fluorescent or incandescent lighting. Demographic changes in most European countries show rising average life expectancy which means that the number of people with weak visual capacity or visual impairment is increasing. Equally the risks of injuries due to poor lighting conditions are increasing, e.g. missing a step resulting in a hip joint fracture. Better lighting conditions are of critical importance for aging population, as stated also in the recently published CIE227:2017. To facilitate safe environment for the elderly, the Fund in 2013 initiated a lighting research study that should provide facts and evidence for a lighting standard for their own premises.

Foreign Labour Migration, Economic Growth and Remittances in Nepal

Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Laxman Singh Kunwer
Keyword(s):  
Working Environment ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Foreign Labour ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Push And Pull

This paper examines the history and current situation of foreign labour migration in Nepal, which is in increasing trend. This paper highlights on some major push and pull factors, impacts of labour migration and remittances. The role and impacts of remittances in Nepal are also another key issue of this paper. The objective of paper is to discuss historical aspects and highlights the role of remittances in Nepal. The paper is developed with the help of secondary sources of information and discussed only on Nepalese foreign labours. The existing exploitative working environment in destinations of Nepalese migrations labpurs, lack of skills and trainings among labour migrants including government to government agreement between labour sending (Nepal) and labour receiving countries to protect rights of labour migrants also has been discussed. This paper also highlights the need of effective foreign labour policies based on scientific research. There is need of reliable and proper environment of investment of remittances in productive sectors as well as use of migrant's skills and knowledge to achieve prosperity of nation.

Feeding behaviour and bioerosion: the ecological role of the rock-boring urchin, Echinometra mathaei (de Blainville, 1825), in Okinawa reef flat

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Noar Muda Satyawan ◽  
Shelly Tutupoho ◽  
Yusli Wardiatno ◽  
Makoto Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
Type A ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Type B ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Echinometra Mathaei ◽  
Benthic Ecosystems

Erosion rate on corals due to activities of other biota is called bioerosion. The rock-boring urchin, Echinometra mathaei, when it is abundant, plays a significant role in benthic ecosystems, including biological processes like coral erosion. During feeding, E. mathaei erodes calcium carbonate besides grazing on algae living on coral, so it plays an important role in both organic and inorganic carbons in coral reefs. The urchin E. mathaei actively feeds during the night time (nocturnal grazer). Although in Okinawa four types (A-D) of the urchin exist, the research only focused on the types A and B. Type A of E. mathaei produced 0.44951 g feces per day on average while type B produced 0.38030 g feces per day. CaCO3 analysis in feces and gut contents showed bioerosion rate of E. mathaei type A was 0.64492 g/individu/day, and 0.54436 g/individu/day in type B. There were no significant differences in bioerosion impact of E. mathaei type A and B© Laju erosi pada karang yang disebabkan oleh biota, dikenal dengan bioerosi. Bulu babi jenis Echinometra mathaei, ketika melimpah, menjadi sangat berpengaruh terhadap ekosistem bentik termasuk proses biologi seperti erosi karang. Selama aktivitas makan, E. mathaei menggerus kalsium karbonat dalam proporsi yang besar di samping alga yang tumbuh menempel pada karang sehingga memiliki peran penting dalam siklus karbon organik dan anorganik di ekosistem terumbu karang. Bulu babi E. mathaei aktif mencari makan pada malam hari (nocturnal grazer). Meskipun di Okinanawa ada 4 tipe (A-D), pada eksperimen kali ini memfokuskan pada tipe A dan B saja. Tipe A E. mathaei rata-rata memproduksi 0,44951 g feses/hari dan tipe B memproduksi 0,38030 g feses/hari. Berdasarkan analisis CaCO3 yang dilakukan pada feses dan isi lambung, laju bioerosi yang disebabkan oleh E. mathaei tipe A sebesar 0,64492 g/individu/hari sedangkan tipe B sebesar 0,54436 g/individu/hari. Tidak terdapat perbedaan dampak bioerosi yang signifikan antara E. mathaei tipe A dan B©

Birds in the Dark: Complementary and Partial Information

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Night Feeding ◽  
Nocturnal Species ◽  
Length Changes

Night-time poses exacting problems for vision, resolution inevitably falls and colour vision is not possible as light levels decrease to those of natural night time. Furthermore, light levels are highly variable depending upon whether there is moonlight, and night length changes dramatically in the annual cycle according to latitude. Few birds exploit the resources available at night. Those that do rely upon information received from vision complemented by information from other senses (hearing, olfaction, and touch), and upon highly specialized and restricted behaviours. However, many birds occasionally exploit night-time, e.g. during migration, arriving and departing from nests, and occasional night feeding. Some seabirds dive to such depths that they experience night-time light levels when foraging. Truly nocturnal species such as owls, kiwi, and oilbirds are highly sedentary, and this is essential to allow them to interpret correctly the partial information that is available to them.

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