The Prevalence of Benzodiazepine Dependence among Community-Dwelling Older Adult Users in Quebec According to Typical and Atypical Criteria

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Voyer ◽  
Michel Préville ◽  
David Cohen ◽  
Djamal Berbiche ◽  
Sarah-Gabrielle Béland
Keyword(s):  
Older Adult ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Benzodiazepine Dependence ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Critères Diagnostiques

RÉSUMÉContexte: La consommation de benzodiazépines est reconnue pour pouvoir entraîner un problème de dépendance. Les critères diagnostiques de la dépendance du DSM-IV-TR ne s’appliqueraient pas toujours à la situation d’un médicament prescrit par un médecin. Cette recherche vise à déterminer la prévalence de la dépendance aux benzodiazépines chez les aînés selon les critères classiques et des critères atypiques.Méthode: Étude descriptive basée sur des entrevues réalisées au domicile de 2785 aînés sélectionnés de façon aléatoire dans la province de Québec, Canada.Résultats: Le quart (25,4%) des participants de l’étude étaient consommateurs de benzodiazépines et 9,5% d’entre eux étaient dépendants selon le DSM-IV-TR. Toutefois, 43% des aînés consommateurs se disaient dépendants du médicament et un tiers souhaite arrêter de le consommer.Interprétation: La dépendance aux benzodiazépines se présenteraient chez environ 10% des aînés consommateurs selon les critères classiques, pourtant plus de 40% d’entre eux se disent dépendants.

scholarly journals Increasing Older Adult Involvement in Geriatric Assessment: A Mixed-Methods Process Evaluation

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432199332
Author(s):  
Wanda Rietkerk ◽  
Jannet de Jonge-de Haan ◽  
Joris P. J. Slaets ◽  
Sytse U. Zuidema ◽  
Debby L. Gerritsen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Geriatric Assessment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Adult Involvement ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Objectives: Goal setting and motivational interviewing (MI) may increase well-being by promoting healthy behavior. Since we failed to show improved well-being in a proactive assessment service for community-dwelling older adults applying these techniques, we studied whether implementation processes could explain this. Methods: Goals set during the comprehensive geriatric assessment were evaluated on their potential for behavior change. MI and goal setting adherence wasassessed by reviewing audiotaped interactions and interviewing care professionals. Results: Among the 280 goals set with 230 frail older adults (mean age 77 ± 6.9 years, 59% women), more than 90% had a low potential for behavior change. Quality thresholds for MI were reached in only one of the 11 interactions. Application was hindered by the context and the limited proficiency of care professionals. Discussion: Implementation was suboptimal for goal setting and MI. This decreased the potential for improved well-being in the participating older adults.

scholarly journals 94 Association between Dual-Task Timed “UP and GO” Test and Occurrence of Falls According to Age Group (Young-Older or Old-Older Adults): A Longitudinal Observation Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv18-iv27
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Asai ◽  
Kensuke Oshima ◽  
Yoshihiro Fukumoto ◽  
Shogo Misu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Aim To elucidate the association between the occurrence of falls and timed “up and go” (TUG) test score in a dual-task condition among community-dwelling older adults by age group. Methods This longitudinal observation study included 987 community-dwelling older adults at baseline. A TUG test (single-TUG) and a TUG test while counting aloud backward from 100 (dual-TUG) were conducted at baseline. The dual-task cost (DTC) value was computed from these results. Data on fall history were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire at the 1-year follow-up. At follow-up, 322 participants had dropped out and six participants had missing data for falls. The final analysis included 658 individuals (follow-up rate: 658/987, 67%) divided into a young-older adult group (aged 60–74 years) and an old-older adult group (aged 75 years or older). Associations between the occurrence of falls and TUG-related values were analyzed by age group using multivariate logistic regression models. Results For old-older adults, there were significant associations between the occurrence of falls and DTC value (odds ratio [OR] 0.981, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.963–0.999, p = 0.040) and single-TUG score (OR 1.129, 95% CI: 1.006–1.268, p = 0.039). However, no significant associations were observed for young-older adults. Conclusions Slower single-TUG test score and lower DTC value are associated with the occurrence of falls among old-older adults but not among young-older adults. Dual task assessment is useful for predicting falls in TUG fall assessment for old-older adults.

Active Bilingualism in Aging: Balanced Bilingualism Usage and Less Frequent Language Switching Relate to Better Conflict Monitoring and Goal Maintenance Ability

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. e231-e241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara G H Chan ◽  
Wei Quin Yow ◽  
Adam Oei
Keyword(s):  
Older Adult ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Goal Maintenance

Abstract Objectives Experience-related neuroplasticity suggests that bilinguals who actively manage their two languages would develop more efficient neural organization at brain regions related to language control, which also overlap with areas involved in executive control. Our aim was to examine how active bilingualism—manifested as the regular balanced use of two languages and language switching—may be related to the different domains of executive control in highly proficient healthy older adult bilinguals, controlling for age, processing speed, and fluid intelligence. Methods Participants were 76 community-dwelling older adults who reported being physically and mentally healthy and showed no signs of cognitive impairment. They completed a self-report questionnaire on their language background, two computer measures for previously identified covariates (processing speed as measured by two-choice reaction time (RT) task and fluid intelligence as measured by the Raven’s Progressive Matrices), as well as a battery of computerized executive control tasks (Color-shape Task Switching, Stroop, Flanker, and Spatial 2-back task). Results Regression analyses showed that, even after controlling for age, processing speed, and fluid intelligence, more balanced bilingualism usage and less frequent language switching predicted higher goal maintenance (nonswitch trials RT in Color-shape Task Switching) and conflict monitoring abilities (global RT in Color-shape Task Switching and Flanker task). Discussion Results suggest that active bilingualism may provide benefits to maintaining specific executive control abilities in older adult bilinguals against the natural age-related declines.

scholarly journals Pattern of Change of Depressive Disorder over a One-Year Period among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Québec

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djemaa-Samia Mechakra-Tahiri ◽  
Micheline Dubé ◽  
Maria Victoria Zunzunegui ◽  
Michel Préville ◽  
Djamal Berbiche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Daily Hassles ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Polytomous Logistic Regression ◽  
One Year ◽  
Fair Poor ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Enquête Sur La Santé

The objective of this study was to describe changes in depression and its correlates, in community-dwelling elderly, over a 12-month period. Data come from a longitudinal ESA Study (Enquête sur la Santé des Aînés) of elderly persons (n= 2752). Depression was measured using the DSM-IV criteria. Polytomous logistic regression was used to assess relations, over time, between participant’s characteristics and depression. Among the 164 (5.9%) subjects, who were depressed at baseline, 19.5% were continuously ill cases and 80.4% had recovered, 12 months later. In polytomous regression, factors increasing the probability of the three depression states (persistence, recovery, and incidence) were daily hassles, stress intensity, and fair/poor self-rated mental health. Depression in old age is dynamic. Available prognostic factors can be taken into account to help direct treatment to elderly at highest risk of a poor prognosis.

Nouveautés dans les troubles de la personnalité

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (S2) ◽  
pp. 36-36
Author(s):  
J.-D. Guelfi
Keyword(s):  
Facteurs De Risque ◽  
Diagnostic Différentiel ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Critères Diagnostiques ◽  
Troubles De La Personnalité

Les troubles de la personnalité figurent dans deux sections distinctes de la classification. Dans la section II, on retrouve la définition générale des 10 troubles de la personnalité selon le DSM-IV TR, avec les critères diagnostiques inchangés et, pour chaque trouble, des considérations actualisées sur : les caractéristiques cliniques principales, les caractéristiques associées, les chiffres de prévalence, l’évolution, les facteurs de risque connus, les considérations culturelles et selon le genre, le diagnostic différentiel enfin. Dans la section III, un chapitre consacré à un modèle alternatif pour les troubles de la personnalité inclut de nouveaux critères diagnostiques généraux. Les principaux changements concernent les critères obligatoires A et B. Le critère A concerne le fonctionnement de la personnalité. Le critère B concerne les traits de personnalité pathologique dans cinq dimensions : l’affectivité négative, le détachement, l’antagonisme, la désinhibition et le psychoticisme. Au sein de ces dimensions, figurent 25 facettes cliniques distinctes. Sont ensuite envisagés six troubles spécifiques de la personnalité, définis par des altérations typiques du fonctionnement psychique (critère A) et par des traits de personnalité pathologique (critère B). De nouveaux critères sont proposés pour les personnalités antisociales, évitantes, borderline, narcissiques, obsessionnelles compulsives et schizotypiques. Pour les sujets répondant aux critères généraux mais pas à ceux des troubles spécifiques, le diagnostic de trouble de personnalité spécifié par les traits est retenu pour autant que le critère B soit rempli. Le chapitre suivant est consacré aux différents traits de personnalité. Il est inspiré principalement par le modèle des cinq facteurs. Le questionnaire recommandé pour évaluer les cinq dimensions et les 25 facettes cliniques est le PID-5 de R Krueger (en accès libre pour l’instant sur Internet). Suivent des considérations sur l’utilité clinique de l’évaluation du fonctionnement en 5 niveaux et une définition précise des 25 facettes. La section III a repris les principales recommandations du groupe de travail publiées (et largement critiquées !). Celles-ci seront commentées.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF AN INTERGENERATIONAL EXERCISE BUDDY PROGRAM ON PARTICIPANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S871-S872
Author(s):  
Eun hae Kim ◽  
Kyong Hee Chee ◽  
Clay DeStefano ◽  
Anna Broome
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Exercise Classes

Abstract Structured social support may enhance the benefits of an exercise class for participants. This study examined the effects of an intergenerational exercise buddy program on participant well-being. A convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from Central Texas (N = 51): 34 were community-dwelling adults aged 65 and above, and 17 were university students aged 18-25 years. The study used a pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental design and focus group interviews. Randomly selected 18 older-adult participants were paired with young-adult participants as an exercise buddy for each other to attend 8 weekly Tai Chi or Chair Yoga classes at a community center. Meanwhile, 16 older-adult participants formed a control group attending different exercise classes without young-adult buddies. The survey results show that, compared to the control group, the intervention group (n = 35) had significantly greater satisfaction with life (p < .09 ) and a more positive attitude towards aging (p < .01) after attending exercise classes with their buddies. In focus group interviews, the participants most frequently mentioned that commitment to their buddies as a key factor for class attendance. The participants typically perceived that their buddies were pleasant and did not judge or treat them based on their age. They stressed the positive effects of building relationships with all involved in the program, including the exercise instructors. Meanwhile, control-group participants wished that they, too, had buddies. Although the study should be replicated with a larger sample, its findings suggest that an intergenerational exercise program offers added benefits for participants.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Circumstances of Falls in the Community-Dwelling Older Adult Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272094050 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Pilar Molés Julio ◽  
Ana Lavedán Santamaría ◽  
Teresa Botigué Satorra ◽  
Olga Masot Ariño ◽  
Aurora Esteve Clavero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Randomized Sampling ◽  
Older Adult Population

Objective: The study aimed to describe the characteristics and circumstances of falls in the community-dwelling older adult population. Design: This was a cross-sectional observational and descriptive study involving primary health care centers in Lleida and Castellón de la Plana, Spain. Randomized sampling was used to include 966 individuals aged 75 years or older residing in single-family homes and in possession of a health care card. Data were obtained using the Survey on Fragility in Older People in Lleida (FRALLE survey). Study variables included the occurrence of falls in the past year and fall characteristics such as whether it was a first or successive fall, cause, season, and time of the day the fall occurred, whether the respondent fell flat on the ground, and time the participant remained on the floor. Other variables involved the circumstances of the fall, including the general location of the fall and specific location within the home if applicable, lighting/weather conditions, objects which may have precipitated the fall, floor conditions, and type of footwear. Results: The prevalence of falls was 25.9% with regard to the previous year, with 70% of these participants reporting having fallen previously. Falls most often occurred by accident, during the daytime, and in the winter. Variables that showed statistical significance with regard to age group were: falling flat on the ground ( P = .031), fall location ( P = .000), presence of an object favoring the fall ( P = .039), floor conditions ( P = .011), and type of footwear ( P = .029). By sex, variables that showed statistical significance included the need for assistance to get up ( P = .045) and type of footwear ( P = .028). Conclusions: The prevalence of falls was found to be similar in the studied cities. The results show the most common characteristics and circumstances of falls in older adults in the community, making it possible to guide future preventive strategies.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Dietary Lutein and Cognition in an Older Adult Population (P14-030-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystle Zuniga ◽  
Alexandria Turner ◽  
Nicholas Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Word Recall

Abstract Objectives The dietary carotenoid lutein accumulates in the brain, and lutein supplementation has been demonstrated to improve cognitive function in older adults. The purpose of the study was to examine the association between dietary lutein intake and cognitive function in a recent and representative sample of the older adult U.S. population. Additionally, we aimed to identify the major contributors to dietary lutein intake in older adults. Methods Observations were drawn from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally-representative panel study of older U.S. adults, and the 2013 Health Care and Nutrition Study (HCNS), which assessed dietary intake via food frequency questionnaire in a subsample of HRS respondents. The analytic sample included 7045 respondents age 50 and older. Cognitive function was evaluated on the cognitive domain of episodic verbal memory, assessed using immediate word recall (IWR) and delayed word recall (DWR). Quartiles of lutein intake were calculated then used to compare IWR and DWR scores in 2012. Descriptive statistics and bivariate comparisons were adjusted for the complex survey design of the HRS and HCNS with results representative of community-dwelling older Americans in 2013. Results The average age of the sample was 65.6 ± 10.3 years old. Leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, dark yellow vegetables, eggs, fruit and other vegetables were significant predictors of dietary lutein intake. Lutein intake was significantly different between quartiles (P < 0.001) with lutein intakes of 720 ± 231 ug/day (Q1), 1468 ± 229 ug/day (Q2), 2394 ± 324 ug/day (Q3), and 5632 ± 3029 ug/day (Q4). Quartiles 3 and 4 had significantly higher IWR and DWR scores than quartiles 1 and 2 (P < 0.001). Conclusions Older adults may benefit from higher lutein intake through consumption of various vegetables, fruits, and eggs, as lutein may specifically protect episodic memory. Further research is needed to identify the mechanism of lutein's cognitive benefits. Funding Sources American Egg Board/Egg Nutrition Center.

scholarly journals Pre-frailty, frailty and associated factors in older caregivers of older adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Roberta De Oliveira Máximo ◽  
Ingrid Cristina Lopes ◽  
Allan Gustavo Brigola ◽  
Bruna Moretti Luchesi ◽  
Aline Cristina Martins Gratão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Older Caregivers

INTRODUCTION: Providing care to an older adult is an activity that requires considerable physical effort and can cause stress and psychological strain, which accentuate factors that trigger the cycle of frailty, especially when the caregiver is also an older adult. However, few studies have analyzed the frailty process in older caregivers. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of pre-frailty, frailty and associated factors in older caregivers of older adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 328 community-dwelling older caregivers. Frailty was identified using frailty phenotype. Socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical aspects, characteristics related to care and functioning were covariables in the multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty were 58.8% and 21.1%, respectively. An increased age, female sex, not having a conjugal life, depressive symptoms and pain were commonly associated with pre-frailty and frailty. Sedentary lifestyle was exclusively associated with pre-frailty, whereas living in an urban area, low income and the cognitive decline were associated with frailty. A better performance on instrumental activities of daily living reduced the chance of frailty. CONCLUSION: Many factors associated with the frailty syndrome may be related to the act of providing care, which emphasizes the importance of the development of coping strategies for this population.

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