Evaluation of Glufosinate on Rice (Oryza sativa) Transformed with the BAR Gene and Red Rice (Oryza sativa)

Glufosinate at 1.1 and 2.2 kg/ha injured ‘Koshihikari’ rice lines that were transformed with the BAR gene from 0 to 53%. However, transgenic ‘Gulfmont’ rice was not injured. Rice yields of transgenic ‘Gulfmont’ lines and six of nine ‘Koshihikari’ lines were not affected by 2.2 kg/ha glufosinate. In field studies, flooding reduced the efficacy of glufosinate in controlling red rice, and greenhouse tests determined that glufosinate efficacy was reduced when red rice was submerged between 25 and 50% of its height. Plant heights and dry weights of red rice increased as flood water depth increased at all rates of glufosinate.

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Genetic Analysis of Glufosinate Resistance in Crosses Between Transformed Rice (Oryza sativa) and Red Rice (Oryza sativa)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00043700 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 209-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Sujatha Sankula ◽

Michael P. Braverman ◽

James H. Oard

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

Bar Gene ◽

Red Rice ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Ammonia Accumulation ◽

Controlled Crosses ◽

Dip Test ◽

Made In

Reciprocal controlled crosses were made in the greenhouse between Gulfmont rice transformed with the bialaphos resistance (BAR) gene and red rice and BAR-transformed Koshihikari rice and red rice to assess the inheritance of glufosinate resistance. All F1 plants were resistant to 2.2 kg ai/ha glufosinate. Ammonia accumulation as a measure of glufosinate resistance in the F1 hybrids was assayed at 4 and 8 days after treatment (DAT). Ammonia accumulation in hybrids 4 DAT was similar to glufosinate treated, transformed rice, while treated nontransformed plants accumulated 14 to 23 times more ammonia compared with the hybrids. The nature of inheritance of glufosinate resistance in F2 rice plants was studied by a glufosinate dip test, a spray test, and ammonia assay. All three tests confirmed that glufosinate resistance, as influenced by the BAR gene, segregated in a 3 (resistant): 1 (susceptible) ratio.

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Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Control and Suppression in Rice (O. sativa)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x0003390x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 811-816 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sam L. Kwon ◽

Roy J. Smith ◽

Ronald E. Talbert

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Red Rice ◽

Two Cultures ◽

The Two Cultures ◽

Rice Yields ◽

Sequential Treatments ◽

High Yields

Two field experiments were conducted from 1986 to 1988 to determine efficacy of herbidices and plant growth regulators for red rice control and suppression in water- and drill-seeded rice. Molinate applied PPI with fenoxaprop applied at panicle initiation (PI) of rice controlled 94 and 86% of red rice in water- and drill-seeded rice, respectively, compared with 79 and 49%, respectively, for molinate PPI alone in the two cultures. Although this treatment injured rice slightly (< 30%), rice so treated produced high yields with improved grain quality. Sequential treatments of molinate PPI followed by sethoxydim applied at PI or amidochlor applied at > 90% heading produced comparable rice yields with improved red rice control or suppression and grain quality in both cultures, compared with PPI molinate. Drill-seeded rice treated with molinate PPI followed by fenoxaprop applied at late boot or MH (maleic hydazide) applied 7 d after heading produced higher yield than rice treated with molinate PPI.

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Metolachlor and Alachlor Persistence in Rice (Oryza sativa) Following Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00031365 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 82-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

James L. Griffin ◽

John F. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Field Studies ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Rice Yields ◽

Residue Levels ◽

Soil Residue

Field studies were conducted for 3 yr to evaluate the persistence of metolachlor and alachlor applied to ‘Centennial’ soybean and to determine their residual effect on ‘Mars' rice. At labeled use rates of metolachlor at 2.8 kg ai/ha and alachlor at 3.9 kg ai/ha, soil residue levels in the fall 5 months after application on Crowley and Midland silt loam soils averaged 0.04 and 0.05 ppmw, respectively. Metolachlor fall soil residues averaged 3.5 times higher when applied at 5.6 and 11.2 kg/ha compared to 2.8 kg/ha, but residues for labeled and double rates of alachlor were similar. In the spring 9 months after herbicide application, soil residues averaged over years did not exceed 0.06 ppmw. The 3-yr rice yields were not affected by residual metolachlor or alachlor.

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Glufosinate-Resistant, BAR-Transformed Rice (Oryza sativa) and Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Response to Glufosinate Alone and in Mixtures

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00043219 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 662-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sujatha Sankula ◽

Michael P. Braverman ◽

Steven D. Linscombe

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Rice Plant ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Field Studies ◽

The Other ◽

First Year ◽

Red Rice ◽

Second Year ◽

100 Seed Weight

Glufosinate applied postemergence alone and in mixture with pendimethalin, thiobencarb, quinclorac, propanil, bensulfuron, bentazon, acifluorfen, or triclopyr was evaluated on bialaphosresistant (BAR) rice and red rice in field studies. Glufosinate at 2.2 kg ai/ha alone was less phytotoxic (6%) to BAR-transformed rice than when it was applied in combination with 0.4 kg ai/ha triclopyr (59%) or 0.6 kg ai/ha acifluorfen (22%). Rice yield with glufosinate alone was similar to the weed-free check the first year, but 13% less than the weed-free check the second year. For the glufosinate plus triclopyr mixture, rice yield was reduced by 39 and 76% compared with glufosinate alone in 1994 and 1995, respectively. Red rice control was 92% with either 3.4 kg ai/ha propanil or 0.6 kg/ha acifluorfen mixed with 0.6 kg/ha glufosinate, which was greater than for glufosinate alone and the other combinations. Propanil or acifluorfen mixed with glufosinate reduced red rice plant height, panicle maturity, and 100-seed weight 16, 31, and 24%, respectively, compared to glufosinate alone and 30, 48, and 43%, respectively, compared to the nontreated weedy check.

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Red Rice (Oryza sativa) andEchinochloaspp. Control in Texas Gulf Coast Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00044547 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 677-683 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

José A. Noldin ◽

James M. Chandler ◽

Garry N. McCauley ◽

John W. Sij

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Gulf Coast ◽

Field Studies ◽

Red Rice ◽

Early Season ◽

Late Season ◽

Texas Gulf Coast ◽

Ac 263,222

Field studies were conducted from 1992 to 1994 to evaluate herbicides applied preplant incorporated (PPI), preemergence (PRE), and postemergence (POST) for red rice andEchinochloaspp. control in soybean. Metolachlor PPI at 3.4 kg ai/ha controlled red rice late season 90 to 92%. Alachlor at 4.5 kg ai/ha and SAN 582H at 2.2 or 3.4 kg ai/ha, PPI or PRE, metolachlor plus imazaquin at 2.8 + 0.14 kg ai/ha PRE, and quizalofop-P POST at 0.07 kg ai/ha provided 83 to 95% red rice control in at least 2 of 3 yr. The addition of imazaquin to metolachlor or pendimethalin did not improve red rice control. Early-seasonEchinochloaspp. control with trifluralin, pendimethalin, and pendimethalin + imazaquin applied PPI; metolachlor, SAN 582H at 2.2 or 3.4 kg/ha, and metolachlor + imazaquin applied PPI or PRE; alachlor, AC 263,222 + imazaquin, and AC 263,222 + imazethapyr applied PRE; and sethoxydim and quizalofop-P applied POST was 90 to 100% in at least 2 of 3 yr. However,Echinochloaspp. control decreased for all treatments later in the season. Pendimethalin applied PPI at 2.2 kg ai/ha or in mixture with imazaquin at 1.7 + 0.14 kg ai/ha injured soybean 14 to 34% in 2 yr. Trifluralin PPI, SAN 582H at 2.2 or 3.4 kg/ha PPI or PRE, imazaquin PPI, metolachlor + imazaquin PPI or PRE, and AC 263,222 + imazethapyr injured soybean 12 to 41% in at least 1 of 3 yr.

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Response of BAR-Transformed Rice (Oryza sativa) and Red Rice (Oryza sativa) to Glufosinate Application Timing

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00042998 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 303-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sujatha Sankula ◽

Michael P. Braverman ◽

Steven D. Linscombe

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Rice Plant ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Bar Gene ◽

Red Rice ◽

Visible Injury ◽

Application Timing ◽

Boot Stage

Glufosinate at 2.2 kg ai/ha injured rice transformed with the BAR gene more when applied to one- to two-leaf (23 to 26%) than to three- to four-leaf (13 to 19%) plants. Visible injury was least when applications were made at boot stage (3 to 14%). However, applications at boot stage caused an average grain yield reduction of 16%. Most treatments did not influence rice plant height. Among single applications (0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.1 kg/ha), 1.1 kg/ha glufosinate at three- to four-leaf stage of red rice resulted in greater control (91%) than at panicle initiation (74%) or at boot stage (77%). Injury to red rice was two to 11 times greater than the injury to BAR-transformed rice depending on glufosinate rate and application timing.

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Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Control and Seedhead Reduction with Glyphosate

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00044213 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 504-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shawn D. Askew ◽

David R. Shaw ◽

Joe E. Street

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Treatment Effect ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Field Studies ◽

Red Rice ◽

Tiller Stage ◽

Significant Rate

Glyphosate was evaluated at 0.8, 1.3, and 1.7 kg ae/ha applied at the two-leaf, four-leaf, or two- to three-tiller growth stage for red rice control. In addition, red rice seedheads were counted concurrently with soybean harvest at each of three locations to assess treatment effect on seedhead reduction. Field studies were conducted at Starkville, MS, in 1994 and 1995 and Shaw, MS, in 1995. A significant rate response was not observed for red rice control 2 and 4 wk after treatment (WAT) or for seedhead reductions. Glyphosate controlled red rice 88, 91, and 88% 2 WAT when applied to two-leaf, four-leaf, or two- to three-tiller red rice, respectively. Due to subsequent seedling emergence, control from glyphosate applications to two- or four-leaf red rice 4 WAT was 51 and 84%, respectively. Red rice treated at the two- to three-tiller stage was controlled 91% 4 WAT. When compared to the nontreated control, seedheads were reduced 97% by two- to three-tiller applications, compared to 87 and 56% reductions from four- and two-leaf applications, respectively.

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Interference of Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Densities in Rice (O. sativa)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500071423 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 169-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Sam L. Kwon ◽

Roy J. Smith ◽

Ronald E. Talbert

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Rice Plant ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Red Rice ◽

Head Rice ◽

Reduced Height ◽

Panicle Number ◽

Rice Yields

Field experiments were conducted at Stuttgart, AR, from 1986 to 1988 to determine effects of season-long interference of red rice densities of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 40 plants m–2on ‘Lemont’ and ‘Newbonnet’ rice cultivars. This interference reduced straw dry weights of Newbonnet and Lemont by 100 and 130 kg ha–1per red rice plant, and grain yields by 178 and 272 kg ha–1per red rice plant, respectively. Grain yield reductions were due to decreases in panicle number and length, and in number of grains per panicle. Ten plants m–2or more reduced height of Lemont, while 40 plants m−2were required to reduce height of Newbonnet. Red rice at 10 plants m−2or more reduced total milled and head rice yields of Lemont, but red rice did not affect these components for Newbonnet. Red rice interfered with rice, even at densities as low as two plants m−2, and interference was greater in Lemont, a semidwarf cultivar with mature plants 92 cm tall, than in Newbonnet, a conventional cultivar with mature plants 115 cm tall. Red rice produced more panicles m−2and 31 to 64% greater straw dry weight when grown with Lemont than when grown with Newbonnet because red rice shaded Lemont more than Newbonnet. Red rice plants grew taller as red rice densities increased and also were taller when grown in Newbonnet than when grown in Lemont.

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Weed Potential of the Forage Legume Aeschynomene (Aeschynomene americana) in Rice (Oryza sativa) and Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00025409 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 284-290

Author(s):

Ann M. Thro ◽

Alan T. Wier ◽

F. Gilbert Barker

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Field Studies ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Control Measures ◽

Forage Legume ◽

Flood Water ◽

Adequate Control ◽

Growth Room

Growth room and field studies were conducted to determine if increasing use of forage aeschynomene may lead to new weed problems in rice and soybeans and to identify possible control measures in these crops. In a growth room study, flooding of ‘Florida Common’ and ‘LSU 1147’ forage aeschynomene did not reduce yield. However, forage aeschynomene seedlings did not emerge from a flooded seedbed, and 1-week-old seedlings were killed by 2.5 or 7.5 cm of flooding. Competition from interseeded forage aeschynomene reduced ‘Centennial’ soybean yields by 81%. Acifluorfen, fomesafen, and lactofen, labeled for soybeans, control forage aeschynomene. Acifluorfen, labeled for rice, may control forage aeschynomene in that crop. Forage aeschynomene might become a weed problem in rice if plants are past the seedling stage when flood water is applied and could cause weed problems in soybeans; but, in most situations, cultural and chemical control practices should provide adequate control.

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