Glufosinate-Resistant, BAR-Transformed Rice (Oryza sativa) and Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Response to Glufosinate Alone and in Mixtures

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujatha Sankula ◽  
Michael P. Braverman ◽  
Steven D. Linscombe
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Second Year ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Glufosinate applied postemergence alone and in mixture with pendimethalin, thiobencarb, quinclorac, propanil, bensulfuron, bentazon, acifluorfen, or triclopyr was evaluated on bialaphosresistant (BAR) rice and red rice in field studies. Glufosinate at 2.2 kg ai/ha alone was less phytotoxic (6%) to BAR-transformed rice than when it was applied in combination with 0.4 kg ai/ha triclopyr (59%) or 0.6 kg ai/ha acifluorfen (22%). Rice yield with glufosinate alone was similar to the weed-free check the first year, but 13% less than the weed-free check the second year. For the glufosinate plus triclopyr mixture, rice yield was reduced by 39 and 76% compared with glufosinate alone in 1994 and 1995, respectively. Red rice control was 92% with either 3.4 kg ai/ha propanil or 0.6 kg/ha acifluorfen mixed with 0.6 kg/ha glufosinate, which was greater than for glufosinate alone and the other combinations. Propanil or acifluorfen mixed with glufosinate reduced red rice plant height, panicle maturity, and 100-seed weight 16, 31, and 24%, respectively, compared to glufosinate alone and 30, 48, and 43%, respectively, compared to the nontreated weedy check.

Soybean (Glycine Max) Cultivar Response to AC 263,222 as Influenced by Supplemental Irrigation

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 920-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
James L. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
100 Seed Weight

In field studies conducted over two years, soybean cultivars ‘Deltapine 415’, ‘Forrest’, ‘Asgrow 6785’, ‘Centennial’, 'Sharkey’, ‘Terra Vig 616’, ‘Hartz 6686’, and ‘Pioneer 9791’ responded similarly to POST application of AC 263,222. With supplemental overhead irrigation of 5.1 cm weekly for 4 wk initiated 21 d after herbicide applications, mature soybean height for the cultivars averaged 18% less than that of the untreated check for 27 g/ha AC 263,222, but only 8% less when not irrigated. Although nonirrigated soybean seed yield following AC 263,222 application the first year was not reduced compared with the untreated check, with irrigation seed yield reductions of 12 and 32% were noted for 13 and 27 g/ha AC 263,222, respectively. Seed yield the second year was not negatively affected with herbicide application whether soybean was irrigated or not irrigated. For individual years, seed yield for the untreated irrigated and nonirrigated checks was similar. In the first year soybean yield following AC 263,222 at 13 and 27 g/ha with irrigation was 16 and 30% lower, respectively, than when soybean was not irrigated. Decreases in soybean 100-seed weight accompanied the yield reductions.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF PERENNIAL GRASSES AND MIXTURES WITH DIFFERENT SOWING DATES IN WESTERN SIBERIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
V. A. Petruk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Sowing Period

The results of field studies for 2017 - 2019 are presented. yields of perennial grasses sown at different times of the growing season. Spring, summer, and winter sowing periods were compared. Alfalfa, clover, rump, and also their mixtures were sown in 2017 under the cover of barley. The value of the cover crop yield of spring and summer sowing periods did not differ significantly and amounted to 4-5 t / ha of absolutely dry matter. Winter barley crops have not formed. On average, over 2 years of use, the highest yields were observed in alfalfa-crust grass mixtures - 3.4 t / ha of absolutely dry matter. The lowest yield was obtained in the single-species seeding of the rump. Correspondingly, in the spring, summer and winter periods of sowing, the yield of rump was 1.6; 1.1 and 1.3 t / ha. With a late sowing period, the yield of perennial grasses is significantly lower compared to spring and summer. With winter sowing periods, the yield was the highest for grass stands of alfalfa and alfalfacrust grass mixture - 2.3 and 2.4 t / ha. It should be noted that in the second year of use, the yield by the sowing dates in single-species crops and grass mixtures is leveled. The winter crops of perennial grasses in the first year of use formed a low yield. Only in the second year (third year of life) the productivity of perennial grasses of winter sowing began to increase. Consequently, in the area under perennial grasses of the winter sowing period, during one growing season (the next year after sowing), the crop was not actually formed. Based on the data obtained, production can be recommended for spring and summer planting of perennial grasses under the cover of barley. The winter sowing period provides economically valuable crop yields only by the third year of life.

Differential Tolerance of Clearfield Rice Cultivars to Imazamox

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Bond ◽  
Timothy W. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rough Rice ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Clearfield Rice ◽  
Two Hybrid

Field studies were conducted to compare the response of one inbred (‘CL161’) and two hybrid (‘CLXL729’ and ‘CLXL745’) Clearfield (CL) rice cultivars to imazamox. Imazamox was applied at 44 and 88 g ai ha−1to rice in the panicle initiation (PI) and PI plus 14 d (PI + 14) growth stages and at 44 g ha−1to rice in the midboot growth stage. Maturity of hybrid CL cultivars was delayed following imazamox at 44 g ha−1applied at PI + 14 and midboot. Furthermore, imazamox at 44 g ha−1, applied at midboot, delayed maturity of CLXL745 more than CLXL729. Expressed as a percentage of the weed-free control plots, rough rice yields for CLXL729 were 91% following imazamox at 44 g ha−1applied at PI + 14, 78% following imazamox at 44 g ha−1applied at midboot, and 77% for imazamox at 88 g ha−1applied at PI + 14. Rough rice yield for CLXL745 was 77 to 92% of the control following all imazamox treatments. All imazamox treatments reduced CLXL745 rough rice yield compared with CL161. Rough rice yield, pooled across CL cultivar, varied with imazamox treatment between years, and these differences may have been a consequence of lower temperatures and solar radiation in the first year. Hybrid CL cultivars CLXL729 and CLXL745 were less tolerant than was CL161 when imazamox was applied at nonlabeled rates (88 g ha−1) and/or timings (PI + 14 or midboot). Because of variability in rice growth stages and irregularities in imazamox application in commercial fields, inbred CL cultivars should be planted where an imazamox application will likely be required.

CROP RESPONSE TO LIME AND FERTILIZER SUPERIMPOSED ON DIFFERENT TILLAGE TREATMENTS FOR A VIRGIN GREY WOODED SOIL

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-308
Author(s):  
Herman A. Hamilton ◽  
J. R. Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Residual Phosphorus ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Tillage Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Forage Yields

A virgin Grey Wooded soil was subjected to different tillage treatments receiving various rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and lime. In a 5-year rotation of oats followed by 4 years of hay, oat forage yields with 24-inch plowing appeared to be less than those obtained with shallower tillage treatments, but the subsequent first- and second-year hay yields were substantially higher. Nitrogen and phosphorus significantly increased oat forage yields irrespective of tillage treatment. Increases in first-year hay yields due to residual phosphorus were highly significant with 12-inch and 24-inch plowing. Second-year hay yields were significantly increased by residual phosphorus on all tillage treatments with increases being in the order 12-inch plowing and disking greater than 6-inch and 24-inch plowing. Irrespective of tillage treatment, lowest hay yields were obtained in the first year of harvest. Despite the greater saturation of the sub-surface soil with bases, lime significantly increased hay yields on plots plowed to 24 inches. Whereas the legume component of the hay mixture was initially high on plots plowed to 24 inches, in the succeeding years the percentage decreased considerably. On the other hand, legume percentage, which was initially low, increased for plots that were disked or plowed to 6 inches. Plowing to a depth of 12 inches appeared to be the most satisfactory procedure in maintaining the best hay yields with a high percentage of legumes.

The Homing of Salmon in Apple River, N.S.

1936 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. White
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
The West ◽  
Tidal Water ◽  
Spawning Time ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Tidal Pools

Salmon from the East branch marked as smolts in 1934 returned as grilse in the fall of 1935, entering only the East branch up to spawning time. After October 22 more entered the West than the East branch. Female salmon tagged as adults gave evidence of remaining each in a particular "home" pool. After spawning some females dropped down to tidal pools in early November and later reascended the stream. Male salmon tagged as adults left their "home" pools, roaming up and down and even going through tidal water to the other branch; yet males came back the second year to the same pool in which they were taken (in one case repeatedly) in the first year.

scholarly journals Herbage accumulation and canopy structure during stockpiling of Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés, and Paiaguás brachiariagrass cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
Lucas Santos de Moraes ◽  
Flávio Henrique de Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽  
Gabriel de Oliveira Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Mechanical Cutting

Abstract: The objective of this work was to compare herbage accumulation and canopy structural characteristics during the stockpiling period of the Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés, and Paiaguás cultivars of Urochloa brizantha. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three replicates. The experiment was repeated for two years (2017 and 2018), under mechanical cutting conditions, and the canopies were stockpiled for 90 days, from March to June. In the first year, forage mass was higher for the Xaraés and Paiaguás cultivars; however, in the second year, Xaraés showed a forage mass higher than that of the other cultivars. The number of vegetative tillers at the end of the stockpiling period was higher for Paiaguás, contrary to what was observed for number of reproductive tillers. The herbage accumulation rate was higher for the Paiaguás and Xaraés cultivars. The Paiaguás grass stands out for its high herbage accumulation rate during the stockpiling period and for its higher number of vegetative tillers and lower number of reproductive tillers than that of the other cultivars.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Rice Plant by the Applications of River Sand, Coconut and Banana Coir in Ustic Endoaquert

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
. Nurdin ◽  
Fauzan Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
River Sand

The research aimed to study effect the application of river sand (RS), coconut coir (CC), and banana coir (BC) on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Ustic Endoaquert. The research was carried out in a green house using 3 × 3 × 3 factorial design. The RS factor consists of three treatment levels which were 0% RS, 25% RS, and 50% RS. Meanwhile, the CC and BC consist of three treatment levels, where each level were 0 Mg ha-1, 10 Mg ha-1 and 20 Mg ha-1. The results showed that RS, CC and BC applications did not have significant effect on plant height. On the other hand, all ameliorant applications had significantly increase leaf length and the highest percentage increasing was in BC (13.49%). The leaf numbers and tiller numbers had relatively similar pattern, except BC that had significantly increased leaf numbers by 77.69% and amount of tiller numbers by 49.45%. Furthermore, for yield components, RS, CC and BC applications had significant increased panicle numbers by 37.76%. It was only RS and BC that increased panicle lenght and the best increasing of 26.82% on RS. Meanwhile, the BC application only increased the rice grain numbers.[How to Cite: Nurdin and F Zakaria. 2013. Growth and Yield of Rice Plant by the Applications of River Sand, Coconut and Banana Coir in Ustic Endoaquert. J Trop Soils, 18 (1): 25-32. doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.25][Permalink/DOI:www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.25]

scholarly journals Zoysiagrass Establishment from Sprigs following Application of Herbicides, Nitrogen, and a Biostimulator

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 972-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Carroll ◽  
P.H. Dernoeden ◽  
J.M. Krouse
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Dimethyl Ester ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Sprigs of `Meyer' zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) were treated with urea nitrogen, a biostimulator, and one of three preemergence herbicides or one of two postemergence herbicides to hasten establishment in two field studies. Monthly application of N at 48 kg·ha–1 during the growing season had no influence on sprig establishment the first year, but slightly increased (+5%) zoysiagrass cover the second year. Presoaking sprigs in a solution containing (mg·L–1) 173 auxin and 81 cytokinin, and iron at 1.25 g·L–1 before broadcasting of sprigs, and biweekly sprays (g·ha–1) of 53 auxin and 24 cytokinin, and iron at 0.2 g·L–1 or (g·ha–1) 68 auxin and 36 cytokinin, and iron at 1.45 g·L–1 after broadcasting sprigs had no effect on zoysiagrass cover or rooting. Preemergence and postemergence herbicide use generally enhanced zoysiagrass cover by reducing smooth crabgrass competition [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb. ex Schweig) Schreb. ex Muhl]. Oxadiazon enhanced zoysiagrass coverage more than dithiopyr, pendimethalin, quinclorac, or fenoxaprop. Oxadiazon and dithiopyr provided similar levels of crabgrass control, but dithiopyr reduced `Meyer' zoysiagrass midsummer root growth. Chemical names used: 3,5,-pyridinedicarbothioic acid, 2-[difluromethyl]-4-[2-methyl-propyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-S,S-dimethyl ester (dithiopyr); [±]-ethyl 2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)oxy]phenoxy] propanoate (fenoxaprop); 3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-(3H)-one (oxadiazon); N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin); 3,7-dichloro-8-quin-olinecarboxylic acid (quinclorac).

scholarly journals Irrigation Cut-off Date Affects Growth, Frost Damage, and Yield of Jojoba

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Nelson ◽  
David A. Palzkill ◽  
Paul G. Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Simmondsia Chinensis ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Seed Yields

Flower bud injury resulting from freezing temperatures has been a major problem in jojoba [Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C. Schneid.] production. A 3-year field study, which began with 4-year-old plants, evaluated the effect of three irrigation treatments on growth, flower bud survival, seed yield, seed weight, and seed wax concentration of six clones. After 3 years, irrigation cut-off dates of late May (dry treatment) and early September (medium treatment) resulted in reduced plant height and width compared to irrigating through November (wet treatment). Flower bud survival and seed yields were very low in the first year for all treatments. In the second and third years, bud survival for most clones, even at -8C, was greatly improved by withholding water in the fall. In December of the second and third years, plants in the medium and dry plots had lower leaf water potential than those in the wet plot. In the second year, plants in the medium and dry plots had seed yields that were 3.5 times higher and wax yields that were were 2.3 times higher than plants in the wet plot. In the third year, the medium treatment had the highest seed and wax yields. Average seed weight and seed wax concentration were generally highest for plants in the wet plot where seed yields were low. Withholding irrigation from jojoba in the fall appears to improve flower bud survival and seed and wax yields following cold winters.

scholarly journals Floristic characteristics of dry pastures and rocky grounds the second year after the wildfire on Vidlič mountain

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Ljubinko Rakonjac ◽  
Marija Marković ◽  
Biljana Nikolić ◽  
Aleksandar Lučić
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Clustering Techniques ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Floristic Characteristics

In this paper, the influence of wildfire on dry pastures and rocky grounds the second year after the fire is followed. The results of field studies are presented in the form of phytocoenological table, by applying clustering techniques (WPGMA) and correspondence analysis (CA). Regrouping of the relevés, in comparison with the first year after fire, indicates that specific and more individual directions in vegetation succession have occurred. The situation remained unchanged, only for the rocky sites affected by the fire, at higher altitudes, in the zone of beech forests where the relevés were still standing separately on the graph, as in the previous season, indicating stability in floristic composition, probably caused by faster moving of the fire over the rocky substrate. The quantitative increase in the number of species and diversity index in comparison to the previous season was registered.

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