The State and the Corporate Private Sector in the Recent Restructuring of Turkish Retailing

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 79-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebahat Tokatlı ◽  
Gül Berna Özcan
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Development Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Retail Industry ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Role Of The State

The Turkish retail industry is experiencing a transformation towards larger-scale retailing. This restructuring has occurred at a time when an assertive corporate private sector has begun to look ready to take the leading role from the state in the development process; and when efforts (real and perceived) towards a cautious and gradual retreat of the state from economic activities have been intensified. This paper addresses the transformation and, because of the above mentioned simultaneity, places substantial emphasis on the role of the state in the development process and in the changes recently experienced in the distribution system. In the process, the paper compares the Turkish experience with those of other countries in which the role of the state has been far-reaching.

De la gestión local a la gobernanza global: actores e interacciones multiniveles en la gestión del agua en la ciudad de México

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-66
Author(s):  
Joyce Valdovinos
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The One

The provision of water services has traditionally been considered a responsibility of the state. During the late 1980s, the private sector emerged as a key actor in the provision of public services. Mexico City was no exception to this trend and public authorities awarded service contracts to four private consortia in 1993. Through consideration of this case study, two main questions arise: First, why do public authorities establish partnerships with the private sector? Second, what are the implications of these partnerships for water governance? This article focuses, on the one hand, on the conceptual debate of water as a public and/or private good, while identifying new trends and strategies carried out by private operators. On the other hand, it analyzes the role of the state and its relationships with other actors through a governance model characterized by partnerships and multilevel networks.Spanish La provisión del servicio del agua ha sido tradicionalmente considerada como una responsabilidad del Estado. A finales de la década de 1980, el sector privado emerge como un actor clave en el suministro de servicios públicos. La ciudad de México no escapa a esta tendencia y en 1993 las autoridades públicas firman contratos de servicios con cuatro consorcios privados. A través de este estudio de caso, dos preguntas son planteadas: ¿Por qué las autoridades públicas establecen partenariados con el sector privado? ¿Cuáles son las implicaciones de dichos partenariados en la gobernanza del agua? Este artículo aborda por una parte, el debate conceptual del agua como bien público y/o privado, identificando nuevas tendencias y estrategias de los operadores privados. Por otra parte, se analizan el rol y las relaciones del Estado con otros actores a través de un modelo de gobernanza, definido en términos de partenariados y redes multi-niveles.French Les services de l'eau ont été traditionnellement considérés comme une responsabilité de l'État. À la fin des années 1980, le secteur privé est apparu comme un acteur clé dans la fourniture de certains services publics. La ville de Mexico n'a pas échappé à cette tendance et en 1993, les autorités publiques ont signé des contrats de services avec quatre consortiums privés. À travers cette étude de cas, nous nous interrogerons sur deux aspects : pourquoi les autorités publiques établissentelles des partenariats avec le secteur privé ? Quelles sont les implications de ces partenariats sur la gouvernance de l'eau ? Cet article s'intéresse, d'une part, au débat conceptuel sur l'eau en tant que bien public et/ou privé, en identifiant les tendances nouvelles et les stratégies menées par les opérateurs privés. D'autre part y sont analysés le rôle de l'État et ses relations avec d'autres acteurs à travers un modèle de gouvernance, défini en termes de partenariats, et des réseaux multi-niveaux.

scholarly journals Harapan Baru Atas Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air terkait Putusan MK Nomor 85/PUU-XI/2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Izzatin Kamala
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Water Value

The Decision of Constitutional Court No.85/PUU-XI/2013 (The Decision of CC 2013) has canceled Law No. 7 Year 2004 on Water Resources (Law on WR 2014). The cancellation is a new hope for improving the management of water resources. During the implementation of Law WR 2004, there is mismanagement in the provision of drinking water. This paper has two focus issues, namely: first, how the low responsibility of the state for managing water resources impacts the fulfillment of drinking water for the citizens? Second, how are the improvements of water resources management expected to be realized through the Decision of CC 2013? From the discussion, the author has two conclusions. First, the negligence of the state caused that the role of the state in providing drinking water for the citizens was  lost by the role of private sector. For example, a year before judicial review (2012), the number of consumers of drinking water supplied by the national sector in in the counting unit of household level is only the part of 11.79 percent. The number was lost by the supply of private sector covering 38.85 percent of households nationally. Second, the Decision of CC 2013 brings a new hope. Some basic thought are the improvement of state’s responsibility for managing water resources, termination  on the private’s monopoly and termination on commercialization of water value.

scholarly journals Globalisation Challenges and Competitiveness: The Role of the State and Private Sector in Malaysia

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Anuar Adnan ◽  
Supian Ali ◽  
Anuwar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State

Digital International Governance

2011 ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Amoretti
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
World Bank ◽  
World Market ◽  
The State ◽  
International Governance ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Up to 1980, development, which had been defined as nationally managed economic growth, was redefined as “successful participation in the world market” (World Bank, 1980, quoted in McMichael, 2004, p.116). On an economic scale, specialization in the world economy as opposed to replication of economic activities within a national framework emerged as a criterion of “development.” On a political level, redesigning the state on competence and quality of performance in the discharge of functions was upheld, while on an ideological plane, a neo-liberal and globalization project was to the fore. The quite evident failure of development policies in peripheral countries, on the one hand, has contributed to the debate on the need for reform of governing institutions in the world (de Senarcless, 2004); and, on the other, has pushed them, de-legitimized as they are, in the direction of finding new strategies and solutions. In the 1990s, considering their leading role in government reform, international organizations such as the United Nations Organization (UN), the World Bank, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) classified e-government as a core issue on their agenda. Innovation through information and communication technologies (ICTs) (social and economic advancement among the peoples of the world has become increasingly tied to technology creation, dissemination and utilization) is at the core of the renewed focus on the role of the state and the institutions in this process. Redefining the state—functions, responsibility, powers—as regards world-market priorities and logics, has become a strategic ground for international organization intervention, and ICTs are a strategic tool to achieve these aims.

scholarly journals From right to good, and to asset: The state-led financialisation of the social rented housing in Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 239965442094151
Author(s):  
Emanuele Belotti ◽  
Sonia Arbaci
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
The State ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Investment Fund ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Asset Class

Rental housing has been regarded as the new ‘frontier for financialisation’ since the 2007 financial crisis. But research examining financialisation of de-commodified rental housing is limited and is primarily focused on stock acquisitions by financial investors and the enabling role of either national or local governments. This critically overlooks the emergence of the financialised production of social rented housing, the interplay between levels of government (particularly with the regional level), and the leading role of the state in these processes. By combining a political sociology approach to policy instruments with a housing system studies perspective, the paper investigates how Italy, through the interplay between national, regional (Lombardy) and local (Milan) governments, led the financialisation of its social rented housing production. Through analyses of six decades of financial-legislative changes in the housing system regarding production/provision, finance and land supply, it identifies a three-stage journey towards financialisation: (1) the rise and fall of publicly-owned rental social housing (1950s to 1990s); (2) the regionalisation and marketisation of the sector up to the late 2000s; and (3) the upward transfer from the first local-scale experiment with the real estate mutual investment fund in Milan to the creation of a national-scale System of Funds for the production of social rented housing. The study shows that the re-commodification of housing and land initiated in the 1980s were intertwined and a conditio-sine-qua-non for financialisation; that the state played a crafting—rather than solely enabling—role in this process; and that trans-scalar legislative–financial innovations transformed social rented housing into a liquid asset class.

scholarly journals The role of museums in the modern artistic process of Buryatia

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Т.А. Бороноева
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
The State ◽  
Artistic Process ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Geographic Remoteness

Автор рассматривает роль государственных музеев и центров современного искусства в развитии изобразительного искусства Бурятии. В частности, показано, как решаются проблемы, порожденные географической удаленностью республики от культурных столиц России и сложившимся в русле академизма стереотипом «национального своеобразия». В настоящее время в Республике Бурятия достаточно заметны признаки активного развития современного искусства, поддерживаются молодые таланты. При этом автор отмечает, что ведущую роль в сохранении, продвижении произведений изобразительного искусства и художников играют именно государственные музеи. Именно там работы художников становятся музейными предметами — культурными ценностями, имеющими значение для истории и культуры государства и обладающими особыми признаками, которые делают необходимыми для общества их сохранение, изучение и публичное представление. The author examines the role of state museums and centers of contemporary art in the development of the fine arts of Buryatia. In this development process, it is important to solve the problems generated by the geographic remoteness of the republic from the cultural capitals of Russia and the stereotype of “national identity” that has developed in line with academism. At present, signs of active development of contemporary art are quite noticeable in the republic, young talents are supported. At the same time, the author notes that it is the state museums that play the leading role in the preservation and promotion of works of fine art and artists. It is in museums that the works of artists become museum objects — cultural values ​​that are significant for the history and culture of the state and possess special characteristics that make it necessary for society to preserve, study and publicize them.

scholarly journals Monopoly of State-Owned Enterprise of Social Justice

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Rory Jeff Akyuwen
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
General Benefit ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

The role of the state through BUMN becomes so important when it is formulated in a provision as formulated in Article 33 Paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia, where the production branches which are important for the State and which affect the livelihood of the public must be controlled by Country. Here it indicates the authority of the State to participate in economic activities through the operation of production branches that can be categorized as important for the State and considered vital and strategic for the interest of the State.This is based on the reasons as formulated in the explanatory section of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia, so that the benefits of the production branches do not fall into the hands of individuals, the State actively takes the role to cultivate it because the production branch is considered important and which control the livelihood of the people for the greatest prosperity of the people. State-Owned Enterprises is formed with the aim of contributing to the development of the national economy in general and the state's revenue in particular; The pursuit of profit; To hold general benefit in the form of providing goods and / or services of high quality and adequate for the fulfillment of the livelihood of the public; Pioneering business activities that have not yet been implemented by the private sector and cooperatives and actively providing guidance and assistance to weak economic entrepreneurs, cooperatives, and communities.SOEs are given the right to monopoly in the economic field which is considered to control the livelihood of many people.

PRINT TECHNOLOGIES AND TEXT INTERPRETATION WITH USE OF BRAILLE WRITING SYSTEM IN PUBLISHING: REALITY AND PERSPECTIVES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Onyshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
The State ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Text Interpretation ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Print Materials ◽  
Total Dependence ◽  
National Information

This article is intended to highlight some current problems of contemporary publishing as a social and cultural phenomenon and a component of the national information space. The author shows a retrospective of development, ups and downs of production of books both in terms of the number of editions and their circulation. The analysis of books and brochures publishing by print groups, as to the purpose and the enlarged thematic sections is made. Some aspects of the distribution system of publishing products are considered. The characteristic industry problems and trends of development, the role of the state in these processes are represented. The publishing market leaders are shown. In the conclusions it is referred to that a large share of more than 5 thousand registered publishing companies or is only listed in the register, or publish from one to several titles of books per a year. Summarizing this situation one can characterize it as a crisis, which requires systematic and consistent steps of the Ukrainian authorities to support this industry. The publishers consider the constraining factors as follows: a decline in demand for publishing products due to low purchasing power of the population; a lack of real support from the state; the limited working capital and high tax burden; the constant increase of prices for general printing materials due to the total dependence on imports; impossibility of timely updating of fixed assets; the low power sales system and so on. Among the actual and very important factors that influence reduction of overlays, there is a noticeable loss of interest of the population in reading the print materials, caused both by world trends, and the lack of purposeful propaganda of education and books in Ukraine as elements of everyday life of every person. The slow pace of development of Internet technologies and producing the books on electronic media, the lack of advertising, and ignorance of potential readers about domestic books are equally worryingly.

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