scholarly journals Poultry meat as a source of human salmonellosis in England and Wales

1988 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Humphrey ◽  
G. C. Mead ◽  
B. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Salmonellosis ◽  
To Come

In England and Wales human salmonellosis is a major public health problem and, although mortality is low, the disease has important social and economic consequences. All surveillance indicators suggest that an epidemic of unprecedented proportions is occurring. Between 1081 and 1980 the number of strains received for serotyping by the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) Division of Enteric Pathogens has increased by 60% (Table 1). This is predominantly due to strains ofSalmonella typhimuriumandS. enteritidis. Smaller but significant increases have occurred in the numbers ofS. virchowandS. Stanley. With the exception of the latter serotype, which seems to come from a bovine reservoir, the indications aro that poultry is the main source of the increase in infections.

scholarly journals Salmonella Enteritidis in England and Wales: increases in unusual phage types in 2002

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
S O’Brien ◽  
L Ward
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Public Health Laboratory ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Phage Types

Although Salmonella Enteritidis phage type (PT) 4, responsible for the major epidemic during the late 1980s and early 1990s (1), has continued to decline, there have been increases in a number of the more unusual phage types of S. Enteritidis (2). Isolates of S. Enteritidis PT 3, 6a, 13a and 14b and 21 confirmed by the Public Health Laboratory Service Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens (PHLS LEP) in England have all increased during 2002 (table 1) (3).

scholarly journals The effect of anaerobic spore-bearing organisms on the validity of the presumptive coliform test as used in the bacteriological examination of water: By the Public Health Laboratory Service Water Sub-Committee

1953 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-277 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Laboratory ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Service Water

The investigation of 10,436 fermented tubes arising in the presumptive coliform examination of samples of water at six laboratories in England and Wales has shown that, with unchlorinated supplies, the unconfirmed presumptive test gives sufficiently accurate results. Full confirmation of all presumptive positive tubes of these waters is impracticable as a routine and ‘colony-confirmation’ gives a correction of only 0·5%. With chlorinated waters, however, ‘colony-confirmation’ discloses an error of 5·5%, largely due to the presence of anaerobes. This error can also affect the faecal coli (44° C.) count and may be so large in individual samples that assessment of chlorinated supplies should not be based on the presumptive test until this has been checked at least by plating.

scholarly journals Preliminary report of an international outbreak of Salmonella anatum infection linked to an infant formula milk

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Public Health Laboratory ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Infant Formula Milk

The number of isolates of Salmonella anatum from infants (aged 1 to 11 months) in England and Wales was higher than expected in November and December 1996 and early January. The Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens (LEP)

scholarly journals Public Health Investigation of Salmonella Enteritidis in raw shell eggs in England and Wales

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Mitchell ◽  
C Little ◽  
L Ward ◽  
Susanne Surman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Public Health Laboratory ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
Shell Eggs ◽  
The Public

In response to a dramatic change in the epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis in England and Wales, thought to be associated with raw shell eggs (1), the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) has initiated an outbreak-related Public Health Investigation (PHI) (2). Raw shell eggs from premises linked to outbreaks of S. Enteritidis, or their sources of supply are examined for Salmonella spp. and isolates are sent to the Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens (LEP) for confirmation and typing. The results to date are shown in the table below.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the New Coronavirus Named SARS-CoV-2 Responsible for an Infection Called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Modou Mamoune Mbaye ◽  
Bouchra El Khalfi ◽  
Said El Hafiane ◽  
Abdelaziz Soukri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Chest Tightness ◽  
The World ◽  
Speed Of Propagation

The new coronavirus called Covid-19, previously known as 2019-nCOV that has been reported in China, is rapidly spreading around the world at breakneck speed. Covid-19, a virus that was unknown to us before the outbreak in Wuhan (China) in December 2019, remains a major public health problem today. However, a new coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as responsible for this disease. Human-to-human transmission is no longer a matter of debate. In general, 2019-nCOV is an infectious, acute resolved disease, but it can also be very fatal especially with certain comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction or even chronic bronchitis. The main symptoms of Covid-19 are fever, cough, shortness of breath, chest tightness / pain, respectively. Until now, the source of the virus and the pathogenesis of this disease remain unknown. Considering the speed of propagation, the mortality rate in the world and its economic consequences, it is urgent to find drugs for the treatment even a vaccine in order to cut short the Covid-19. In this article, we will try to detail all the information relating to this virus.

scholarly journals Outbreaks of infectious disease associated with private drinking water supplies in England and Wales 1970–2000

2003 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. SAID ◽  
F. WRIGHT ◽  
G. L. NICHOLS ◽  
M. REACHER ◽  
M. RUTTER
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Public ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Heavy Rains

In England and Wales over the last 30 years there have been 25 reported outbreaks of infection, associated with private water supplies (PWS). The majority (16 outbreaks) were reported after the introduction of enhanced surveillance. Although PWS only serve 0·5% of the population, 36% of drinking water outbreaks are associated with PWS. The main pathogen, campylobacter, was implicated in 13 (52%) outbreaks. Most reported outbreaks (88%) occurred in commercial or Category Two supplies, which potentially affect larger populations. The main factors implicated in these outbreaks are temporary or transient populations, treatment (lack or failure), the presence of animals and heavy rains. The public health problem associated with PWS could be prevented by the identification and understanding of risk factors, by the proper protection of water sources and adequate treatment and maintenance. This could be facilitated through the introduction of a risk assessment as part of a scheme for PWS.

scholarly journals Poultry-borne salmonellosis in Scotland

1988 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Reilly ◽  
G. I. Forbes ◽  
J. C. M. Sharp ◽  
S. I. Oboegbulem ◽  
P. W. Collier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
The Public ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes

SUMMARYBetween 1980–5, 224 outbreaks of salmonellosis associated with poultry-meat were reported in Scotland. In total 2245 persons were affected, 12 of whom died. Twenty-one salmonella serotypes were identified from those affected, while 33 serotypes were isolated from poultry during routine monitoring and disease investigation. Existing measures to prevent the spread of salmonellae within poultry flocks and processing plants are failing. It is suggested that irradiation of poultry-meat may be the only effective method of reducing the public health problem of poultry-borne salmonellosis.

scholarly journals Upsurge in Salmonella Enteritidis outbreaks in England and Wales, September to November 2002

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
S O'Brien ◽  
L Ward ◽  
R Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Late Death ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Death Cases

The biggest change in the epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis in England and Wales since the emergence of S. Enteritidis phage type (PT) 4 in the 1980s has occurred during the autumn of 2002 (1,2). Since the beginning of September 2002, 19 outbreaks of S. Enteritidis have been reported to the Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre in England (PHLS CDSC), compared with five during the same period in 2001. Almost 1000 people have been affected in these outbreaks, and there have been 10 deaths (all in people with underlying illnesses, and including one late death). Cases in three continuing outbreaks, affecting over 400 people, are distributed nationally. These are outbreaks of S. Enteritidis PT 14b (345 cases), S. Enteritidis PT 56 (31 cases) and S. Enteritidis PT 6d (resistant to ampicillin (Ampr)) (35 cases).

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