Pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica in households with infants within areas with high and low incidences of meningococcal disease

SUMMARYIn a household survey in the Faroe Islands, an isolated community with hyperendemic occurrence of meningococcal disease due to serogroup B 15, 1604 persons were examined for pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and N. lactamica. Two areas were chosen having experienced high (HIA), and two having experienced low incidences (LIA) of disease. Living in HIA compared with LIA was associated with higher risk of N. meningitidis B 15 carriage and lower risk of N. lactamica carriage, with odds ratios of 2·7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1·4–5·1, P = 0·003) and 0·41 (95% CI 0·31–0·53, P < 0·0001), respectively. In HIA the risk of N. meningitidis carriage was much lower in non-carriers than carriers of N. lactamica, with an odds ratio of 0·19 (95% CI 0·08–0·47, P = 0·0003); in LIA this association (odds ratio 0·51, P = 0·05) was much weaker. Children 0–14 years had substantially higher risk of being carriers of N. meningitidis group B 15 if the mothers were so, with an odds ratio of 11 (95% CI 4–29, P < 0·0001).

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Meningococcal Group B Vaccine For The Prevention Of Invasive Meningococcal Disease Caused By Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup B

Infection and Drug Resistance ◽

10.2147/idr.s159952 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol Volume 12 ◽

pp. 3169-3188 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Irene Rivero-Calle ◽

Peter Francis Raguindin ◽

Jose Gómez-Rial ◽

Carmen Rodriguez-Tenreiro ◽

Federico Martinón-Torres

Keyword(s):

Neisseria Meningitidis ◽

Meningococcal Disease ◽

Invasive Meningococcal Disease ◽

Meningococcal Group ◽

Group B

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Molecular surveillance ofNeisseria meningitidiscapsular switching in Portugal, 2002–2006

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268808001106 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 137 (2) ◽

pp. 161-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

M. J. SIMÕES ◽

M. CUNHA ◽

F. ALMEIDA ◽

C. FURTADO ◽

L. BRUM

Keyword(s):

Neisseria Meningitidis ◽

Genetic Relationship ◽

Meningococcal Disease ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Vaccination Schedule ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Allelic Profile ◽

Molecular Surveillance ◽

Laboratory Surveillance ◽

Group B

SUMMARYNeisseria meningitidiscapsular switching has been reported in several countries. In order to establish the genetic relationship within group B and C strains expressing subtypes 2a or 2b, and to evaluate whether C to B capsular switching occurred in Portugal, 64 meningococci (56 serogroup C and 8 serogroup B) isolated from invasive meningococcal disease were typed using molecular methods. The studied phenotypes, 2b:P1.5,2 and 2a:P1.5-1,10-8, were the most frequent among serogroup C, but were uncommon among serogroup B strains. The multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) allelic profile and the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) fingerprints showed that seven serogroup B strains were genotypically identical to C strains, suggesting that capsular switching occurred. Active laboratory surveillance to find evidence of capsule switching is a now priority as MenC was introduced in the Portuguese vaccination schedule in January 2006.

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An Epidemic Outbreak of Group B Meningococcal Disease on the Faroe Islands

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3109/00365548809032454 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 291-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Pál Weihe ◽

Bjørn Mathiassen ◽

Jens Møller Rasmussen ◽

Turid Petersen ◽

Henrik Isager

Keyword(s):

Meningococcal Disease ◽

Faroe Islands ◽

Epidemic Outbreak ◽

Group B

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Potential Capsule Switching from Serogroup Y to B: The Characterization of Three suchNeisseria meningitidisIsolates Causing Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Canada

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2005/216369 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 171-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Raymond SW Tsang ◽

Dennis KS Law ◽

Shaun D Tyler ◽

Gwen S Stephens ◽

Mark Bigham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neisseria Meningitidis ◽

Meningococcal Disease ◽

Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽

Housekeeping Gene ◽

Sequence Type ◽

Invasive Meningococcal Disease ◽

Group B

Three group BNeisseria meningitidisisolates, recovered from meningococcal disease cases in Canada and typed as B:2c:P1.5, were characterized. Multilocus sequence typing showed that all three isolates were related because of an identical sequence type (ST) 573. Isolates typed as 2c:P1.5 are common in serogroup Y meningococci but rare in isolates from serogroups B or C. Although no serogroup Y isolates have been typed as ST-573, eight isolates showed five to six housekeeping gene alleles that were identical to that of ST-573. This suggested that the B:2c:P1.5 isolates may have originated from serogroup Y organisms, possibly by capsule switching.

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Network Meta-Analysis of Novel Glucose-Lowering Drugs on Risk of Acute Kidney Injury

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ◽

10.2215/cjn.11220720 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 70-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Min Zhao ◽

Shusen Sun ◽

Zhenguang Huang ◽

Tiansheng Wang ◽

Huilin Tang

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Sglt2 Inhibitors ◽

Glucose Lowering ◽

Event Driven

Background and objectivesLittle is known about the comparative effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), or sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on risk of AKI. This study aimed to compare the effects of these three novel classes of glucose-lowering drugs on AKI risk in patients with or without type 2 diabetes, by network meta-analysis of event-driven cardiovascular or kidney outcome trials.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe systematically searched electronic databases up to September 2020, and included 20 event-driven cardiovascular or kidney outcome trials (18 trials included patients with type 2 diabetes only, and two trials included patients with or without type 2 diabetes). A network meta-analysis using a frequentist approach was performed to compare the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1RAs, or SGLT2 inhibitors on risk of AKI, and estimate the probability for each intervention as the safest one. The primary analysis included 18 trials with type 2 diabetes only, and a secondary analysis included 20 trials.ResultsIn the 18 trials with a total of 2051 AKI events (range: 1–300) among 156,690 patients with type 2 diabetes only, our network meta-analysis showed that SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of AKI compared with placebo (odds ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.66 to 0.88), whereas both DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs had neutral effects on risk of AKI. Moreover, SGLT2 inhibitors were significantly associated with a lower risk in AKI than both GLP-1RAs (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.97) and DPP-4 inhibitors (odds ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.54 to 0.86). SGLT2 inhibitors have the highest probability of being the safest intervention (84%). The results were similar in the secondary analysis.ConclusionsCurrent evidence indicates that SGLT2 inhibitors have a lower risk of AKI than both DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs.

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CHA2DS2-VASc risk factors as predictors of stroke after acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care ◽

10.1177/2048872616673536 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 264-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Federico Guerra ◽

Lorena Scappini ◽

Alessandro Maolo ◽

Gianluca Campo ◽

Rita Pavasini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Transient Ischemic Attack ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Ischemic Attack

Background: Stroke is a rare but serious complication of acute coronary syndrome. At present, no specific score exists to identify patients at higher risk. The aim of the present study is to test whether each clinical variable included in the CHA2DS2-VASc score retains its predictive value in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome, irrespective of atrial fibrillation. Methods: The meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. All clinical trials and observational studies presenting data on the association between stroke/transient ischemic attack incidence and at least one CHA2DS2-VASc item in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome were considered in the analysis. Atrial fibrillation diagnosis was also considered. Results: The whole cohort included 558,193 patients of which 7108 (1.3%) had an acute stroke and/or transient ischemic attack during follow-up (median nine months; 1st–3rd quartile 1–12 months). Age and previous stroke had the highest odds ratios (odds ratio 2.60; 95% confidence interval 2.21–3.06 and odds ratio 2.74; 95% confidence interval 2.19–3.42 respectively), in accordance with the two-point value given in the CHA2DS2-VASc score. All other factors were positively associated with stroke, although with lower odds ratios. Atrial fibrillation, while present in only 11.2% of the population, confirmed its association with an increased risk of stroke and/or transient ischemic attack (odds ratio 2.04; 95% confidence interval 1.71–2.44). Conclusions: All risk factors included in the CHA2DS2-VASc score are associated with stroke/ transient ischemic attack in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome, and retain similar odds ratios to what already seen in atrial fibrillation. The utility of CHA2DS2-VASc score for risk stratification of stroke in patients with acute coronary syndrome remains to be determined.

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Group B streptococcal colonization and the risk of pre-eclampsia

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268812001598 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 141 (5) ◽

pp. 1089-1098 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z. D. MULLA ◽

V. ANNAVAJJHALA ◽

J. L. GONZALEZ-SANCHEZ ◽

M. R. SIMON ◽

B. S. NUWAYHID

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

The State ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

Group B

SUMMARYTo determine if there was an association between recto-vaginal group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization and pre-eclampsia, two cross-sectional studies were conducted using statewide hospital databases. The first study analysed data from the state of Florida, USA, and included 190 645 women who were discharged in 2001. This dataset was used to generate the hypothesis that GBS colonization is associated with pre-eclampsia. The second study tested the GBS hypothesis using the records of 577 153 women who delivered in 2004 or 2005 in Texas, USA. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for the outcome of pre-eclampsia comparing GBS-positive to GBS-negative women were calculated using logistic regression. The aOR for the association between GBS carriage and pre-eclampsia was 0·71 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·65–0·77] in the Florida dataset. In the Texas dataset, the overall prevalence of GBS carriage was 14·1% while the overall prevalence of pre-eclampsia was 4·0%. GBS carriers were 31% less likely than non-carriers to have pre-eclampsia (aOR 0·69, 95% CI 0·66–0·72) in Texas. In two large statewide analyses, GBS carriage was inversely associated with pre-eclampsia. A sensitivity analysis revealed that misclassification of GBS status is not a likely explanation of our findings.

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Risk of Respiratory Complications and Wound Infection in Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-200210000-00015 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 97 (4) ◽

pp. 842-847 ◽

Cited By ~ 115

Author(s):

Paul S. Myles ◽

George A. Iacono ◽

Jennifer O. Hunt ◽

Helen Fletcher ◽

John Morris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Wound Infection ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Ambulatory Surgery ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Breath Holding ◽

Respiratory Complications ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Duration Of Surgery

Background Smoking is considered to be a risk factor for patients undergoing surgery and anesthesia, but it is unclear whether this is applicable to patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of respiratory complications and wound infection among smokers. Methods The authors studied a random selection of 489 adult patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. Smoking status was determined by self-report and confirmed with end-expired carbon monoxide analysis. The risk of respiratory complications (i.e., desaturation, cough, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, breath-holding, or apnea) and wound infection (i.e., wound redness or discharge +/- positive microbial culture, requiring antibiotic therapy) in smokers nonsmokers was ascertained. Odds ratios were estimated from multivariable logistic regression and adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, partner's smoking status, domiciliary smoking exposure, and extent and duration of surgery. Results Most smokers continued to smoke up until the day of surgery. Smokers had a higher rate of respiratory complications (32.8% vs. 25.9%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.84; = 0.038) and wound infection (3.6% vs. 0.6%; odds ratio, 16.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.58-175; = 0.019). Odds ratios comparing current plus ex-smokers with nonsmokers were of similar magnitude for most of these complications. Conclusions Smoking was associated with an increased risk of respiratory complications and postoperative wound infection in ambulatory surgery patients. These findings warrant increased efforts at promoting smoking avoidance and cessation.

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Immediate Postoperative Parenteral Anticoagulant in the Patients with Mesenteric Infarction After Intestine Resection – A Retrospective Cohort Research in a Single Institute

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1042318/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hsiao-Tien Liu ◽

Chia-Yu Lai ◽

Jian-Jhou Liao ◽

Yi-Ju Chen ◽

Shao-Bin Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

General Hospital ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Intestinal Resection ◽

Mesenteric Infarction ◽

Enoxaparin Group ◽

Group A ◽

Bowel Gangrene ◽

Group B

Abstract Background: Bowel gangrene represents a major fatal event in acute mesenteric infarction. Intestinal resection is inevitable in patients with peritonitis and bowel gangrene. This retrospective study aimed to elucidate the benefit of postoperative parenteral anticoagulant in patients with intestinal resection. Methods: Patients with acute mesenteric infarction and bowel gangrene were recruited retrospectively between January 2007 and December 2019. All patients underwent bowel resection. They were categorized into two groups: patients without immediate enoxaparin (group A) and those with immediate enoxaparin (group B). Both 30-day and 90-day mortalities were analyzed.Results: A total of 85 patients were included, with 29 patients in group A and 56 patients in group B. Patients in group B had both lower 30-day mortality (16.1%) and 90-day mortality (37.5%), compared to patients in group A (30-day mortality: 51.7%, p=0.001; 90-day mortality: 65.5%, p=0.021). In the 30-day mortality multivariate analysis, patients in group B had a better outcome (odds ratio = 0.087, 95% confidence interval between 0.017 and 0.446, p = 0.003). In the 90-day mortality multivariate analysis, patients in group B also had a better outcome (odds ratio = 0.252, 95% confidence interval between 0.065 and 0.983, p = 0.047).Conclusion: Immediate postoperative parenteral anticoagulant improves short-term prognosis in patients with acute mesenteric infarction and intestinal resection.Trial registration: This research was retrospectively approved by Institutional Review Board (IRB) I&II of Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TCVGH-IRB No.CE21256B) on July 28th, 2021. Informed consent waiver was also approved by IRB I&II of Taichung Veterans General Hospital. Declaration of Helsinki and ICH-GCP guidelines were followed during this study.

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