scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis in southern African wildlife: a multi-species host–pathogen system

2006 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. RENWICK ◽  
P. C. L. WHITE ◽  
R. G. BENGIS
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Transmission Modes ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Kafue Lechwe ◽  
Utilization Patterns

SUMMARYThis review examines the current situation of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in southern African savannah systems, and uses theory on multi-species host–pathogen systems to suggest possible options for future research and management. In southern Africa, the buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and the Kafue lechwe [Marsh antelope] (Kobus leche) have been found to be maintenance hosts for this disease, but the importance of other host species is becoming apparent. The role of other host species in the maintenance and spread of the disease varies, depending on the spatial distribution and resource utilization patterns of the species, disease susceptibility, transmission modes and the ecology of both host(s) and vector(s). Future research needs to identify the pathogenicity of bTB in each of the host species, and the mechanisms and rates of inter- and intra-specific transmission among different species, in order to develop multi-host models to understand the development and spread of the disease.

scholarly journals Cyber-Flirting: An Examination of Men's and Women's Flirting Behaviour Both Offline and on the Internet

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica T. Whitty
Keyword(s):  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nonverbal Cues ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Online Interactions

AbstractWhile flirting is a relatively underresearched area within psychology, even less is known about how people cyber-flirt. This paper explores how often individuals flirt offline compared to online. Moreover, it attempts to examine how men and women flirt within these different spaces. Five thousand, six hundred and ninety-seven individuals, of which 3554 (62%) were women and 2143 (38%) were men, completed a survey about their flirting behaviour both in face-to-face interactions and in chatrooms. The first hypothesis, which stated that the body would be used to flirt with as frequently online as offline, was partly supported. However, it was found that individuals downplayed the importance of physical attractiveness online. Women flirted by displaying nonverbal signals (offline) or substitutes for nonverbal cues (online), to a greater extent than men. In chatrooms men were more likely than women to initiate contact. It is concluded that cyber-flirting is more than simply a meeting of minds and that future research needs to consider the role of the body in online interactions.

Longitudinal Pathways to Influenza Vaccination Vary With Socio-Structural Disadvantages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bita Fayaz Farkhad ◽  
Alexander Karan ◽  
Dolores Albarracín
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Vaccination Knowledge ◽  
Lower Educational Attainment

Abstract Background Although influenza vaccination can prevent influenza-related deaths, uptake remains low, particularly in disadvantaged populations. Purpose A theoretical model of psychological pathways to vaccination accounting for the direct and moderating role of socio-structural factors was tested. The study sought to understand the joint contributions of psychological (i.e., knowledge, attitudes, and intention) and socio-structural factors (i.e., income, education, and insurance) to influenza vaccination, prospectively. Methods A nationally representative empaneled sample of over 3,000 U.S. adults answered questions about vaccination knowledge, attitudes, and intentions, as well as actual vaccination across five timepoints from September 2018 to May 2019. Socio-structural factors were examined as moderators. Results Findings revealed strong positive associations between knowledge and attitudes, attitudes and intentions, as well as intentions and subsequent vaccination. Importantly, health insurance moderated the associations between attitudes and intentions and between intentions and vaccination, such that those without insurance had weaker associations between attitudes and intentions and between intentions and vaccination. In addition, education moderated the path from knowledge to attitude and from intentions to vaccination, such that people with lower educational attainment had weaker associations between knowledge and attitudes and between intentions and vaccination. Conclusions Socio-structural factors act as barriers to the influence of knowledge on attitudes, attitudes on intentions, and intentions on behavior. Future research needs to be mindful of the specific paths disrupted by social disadvantages and examine ways to intervene to decrease those effects.

The role of the land surface in Sahelian climate: HAPEX-Sahel results and future research needs

1997 ◽  
Vol 188-189 ◽  
pp. 1067-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Dolman ◽  
J.H.C. Gash ◽  
J.-P. Goutorbe ◽  
Y. Kerr ◽  
T. Lebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs

Later Life Outcomes, Turning Points, and Desistance

2019 ◽  
pp. 204-244
Author(s):  
David M. Day ◽  
Margit Wiesner
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Science Models ◽  
Desistance From Crime ◽  
Key Terms

Prior reviews of the criminal trajectory literature mostly excluded findings on the relation of criminal trajectory groups to later life outcomes, turning points, and desistance. To set the stage for the review of this literature, the chapter first draws on the broader literature to define key terms, such as desistance and turning points, and to describe influential theories of desistance from crime and empirical findings. It is argued that criminal trajectory research needs to better integrate with these independent strands of research to advance the understanding of desisting offender trajectory groups. The chapter also details how emerging, innovative methodological approaches for the examination of turning point effects can help strengthen future criminal trajectory research on these issues. Next, the findings of criminal trajectory studies on later life outcomes and desistance are reviewed. Future research needs are identified to move the field forward. Last, the chapter seeks to make the case for a programmatic agenda that ties criminal trajectory research to developmental science models of intentional self-regulation across the life span, such as tripartite Selection, Optimization, and Compensation theory from Paul Baltes, to help explore the role of human agency in the development of crime.

The recreation therapist and the pediatric therapeutic milieu

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Rebecca Gilbert, MS ◽  
Marieke Van Puymbroeck, PhD, CTRS, CRC
Keyword(s):  
Inpatient Unit ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Therapeutic Milieu ◽  
Psychiatric Units

Many recreation therapists on inpatient psychiatric units are familiar with the term therapeutic milieu. The meaning of the phrase is often vague and defined differently by each institution. The purpose of this article is to examine the literature on the therapeutic milieu and present possible methods of supporting the therapeutic milieu given the unique challenges of the pediatric acute inpatient unit. The role of the recreation therapist in creating and supporting a therapeutic milieu is described along with the suggestions for future research needs.

Advancing Work–Family Research and Practice

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy D. Allen ◽  
Lillian T. Eby
Keyword(s):  
Family Intervention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Organizational Policies ◽  
Organizational Policies And Practices ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Work Family

In this final chapter we offer a summation of some of the major themes contained in this volume with regard to future research needs, including a discussion of work–family theory building, the role of gender in the work–family interface, the diversity of the modern family, family supportive organizational policies and practices, and work-family intervention research. We move beyond summation and review by offering specific new ideas for moving work–family scholarship forward. In doing so we highlight the importance of investing in work–family initiatives that enrich employee lives as well as those that benefit families, organizations, and society at large.

scholarly journals Role of Cardiac A2A Receptors Under Normal and Pathophysiological Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Boknik ◽  
J. Eskandar ◽  
B. Hofmann ◽  
N. Zimmermann ◽  
J. Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Receptors ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Transient Ischemia ◽  
A2a Receptors ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Signal Transduction Systems

This review presents an overview of cardiac A2A-adenosine receptors The localization of A2A-AR in the various cell types that encompass the heart and the role they play in force regulation in various mammalian species are depicted. The putative signal transduction systems of A2A-AR in cells in the living heart, as well as the known interactions of A2A-AR with membrane-bound receptors, will be addressed. The possible role that the receptors play in some relevant cardiac pathologies, such as persistent or transient ischemia, hypoxia, sepsis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and arrhythmias, will be reviewed. Moreover, the cardiac utility of A2A-AR as therapeutic targets for agonistic and antagonistic drugs will be discussed. Gaps in our knowledge about the cardiac function of A2A-AR and future research needs will be identified and formulated.

No role for benzodiazepines in posttraumatic stress disorder? A surplus of certainty despite scarce evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan Starcevic
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
The Core ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

Objective: This article addresses some of the controversies about the role of benzodiazepines in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Conclusions: Benzodiazepines have been admonished in treatment guidelines for posttraumatic stress disorder, but this is based on very little solid evidence. Although benzodiazepines do not seem to be effective in the treatment of the core posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, their careful use as adjunctive agents for the symptoms such as anxiety and sleep disturbance may be useful. Future research needs to identify predictors of improved treatment outcomes in posttraumatic stress disorder with use of benzodiazepines.

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