scholarly journals Modelling alternative strategies for delivering hepatitis B vaccine in prisons: the impact on the vaccination coverage of the injecting drug user population

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (12) ◽  
pp. 1644-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. SUTTON ◽  
N. J. GAY ◽  
W. J. EDMUNDS ◽  
O. N. GILL
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Drug User ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Injecting Drug User

SUMMARYSince 2001 hepatitis B vaccination has been offered to prisoners on reception into prisons in England and Wales. However, short campaigns of vaccinating the entire population of individual prisons have achieved high vaccination coverage for limited periods, suggesting that short campaigns may be a preferable way of vaccinating prisoners. A model is used that describes the flow of prisoners through prisons stratified by injecting status to compare a range of vaccination scenarios that describe vaccination on prison reception or via regular short campaigns. Model results suggest that vaccinating on prison reception can capture a greater proportion of the injecting drug user (IDU) population than the comparable campaign scenarios (63% vs. 55·6% respectively). Vaccination on prison reception is also more efficient at capturing IDUs for vaccination than vaccination via a campaign, although vaccination via campaigns may have a role with some infections for overall control.

MODELING THE IMPACT OF AWARENESS CREATED BY MEDIA CAMPAIGNS ON VACCINATION COVERAGE IN A VARIABLE POPULATION

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 249-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANUPAMA SHARMA ◽  
A. K. MISRA
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Model Stability ◽  
The Impact

Vaccines are a core component of any preventive strategy designed to ensure the global public health. A major factor influencing the successful implementation of any immunization program is awareness and public acceptance of the vaccine. The present study focuses on potential impacts of awareness created by media campaigns on vaccination coverage of hepatitis B. In this paper, a SIR model with vital dynamics in a population of varying size is investigated, which couples hepatitis B vaccination and awareness created by media within a single framework. It is assumed that media campaigns propagate awareness about measures requisite for escaping the chances of contracting hepatitis B. The awareness created by media motivates people to get vaccinated and attain full immunization against hepatitis B virus. For analyzing the model, stability theory of differential equations is employed. First, equilibria of the system comprising fractions of the population are obtained and their stability behavior is discussed. Then the asymptotic behavior of total population is discussed in detail. Three threshold parameters R0, R1and R2governing the dynamics of infection and total population are also affirmed. The findings of numerical simulations are also in line with analytically obtained results.

scholarly journals Impact of hepatitis B vaccine in Tunisia 20 years after its introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lahchaichi ◽  
M Ben Hadj ◽  
H Bouguerra ◽  
K Talmoudi ◽  
A Bahrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Vaccination Coverage Rate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Vaccination against hepatitis B represents the most effective preventive measure to reduce the global impact of this infection. In Tunisia hepatitis B vaccination was introduced for health professionals in 1992 and for the general population in 1995. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of vaccination twenty years after its introduction. Methods It was a descriptive study of data provided by the national survey of prevalence of Hepatitis B in Tunisia, which was a household-based study conducted in 2015. Blood samples sent to the reference laboratory to test markers of hepatitis B virus infection. The Vaccine effectiveness rate was calculated using the following formula: VE = 1 - Odds-ratio (OR), where OR = ratio of odds of being vaccinated among subjects with positive HBsAg test results to the odds of being vaccinated among subjects with negative HBsAg test results. Results Approximately a quarter of our population reported having been vaccinated against HBV, a coverage rate of 26.9%. Among subjects above 20 years of age, this rate was 85.3%. Besides, 83.7% of vaccinated subjects had received the three required doses of the HBV vaccine. Analysis of vaccination status by great regions of the country showed that the vaccination coverage rate was higher in the southern region. Regarding HBsAg prevalence, the rate was significantly higher among unvaccinated subjects 0.3% vs 2.2% in those vaccinated (OR = 0.11 [0.07-0.18]). We found that among vaccinated subjects, the serologic response rate at vaccination was only 63.2% which represented 16.2% of the total population. The vaccine effectiveness indicated that vaccination reduced by 88.6% the risk of HBV infection. Conclusions These results demonstrate that vaccination against hepatitis B introduced in the national immunization schedule since 1995 has reduced the infection although the vaccination coverage rate remains below 90%. Key messages Importance of vaccination that reduced by 88.6% the risk of HBV infection. More effort required to raise awareness about vaccination against HBV.

scholarly journals Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage Among Persons Who Inject Drugs and Have Evidence of Hepatitis C Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Koepke ◽  
Danielle N. Sill ◽  
Wajiha Z. Akhtar ◽  
Kailynn P. Mitchell ◽  
Sheila M. Guilfoyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Immunization Registry ◽  
Increased Risk

Objectives: Despite recommendations for vaccination against hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) for all adults at increased risk of infection, several US states have reported increases in HAV and HBV infections among persons who inject drugs. We investigated hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccination coverage among a sample of persons who reported injecting drugs and had evidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Methods: We searched the Wisconsin Immunization Registry for the vaccination records of persons who underwent HCV testing at syringe services programs from January 1 through August 31, 2018, and were reported to the Wisconsin Division of Public Health as having positive HCV antibody test results and a history of injection drug use. We calculated the percentage of persons who were vaccinated according to national recommendations. Results: Of 215 persons reported, 204 (94.9%) had a client record in the Wisconsin Immunization Registry. Of these 204 persons, 66 (32.4%) had received ≥1 dose of hepatitis A vaccine, 46 (22.5%) had received 2 doses of hepatitis A vaccine, and 115 (56.4%) had received 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine coverage decreased with increasing age, from 88.0% (22 of 25) among adults aged 20-24 to 30.3% (10 of 33) among adults aged 35-39. Conclusions: These findings suggest that most persons who inject drugs in Wisconsin are susceptible to HAV infection and that most persons aged ≥35 who inject drugs are susceptible to HBV infection. In addition to routine vaccination of children, targeted hepatitis vaccination programs should focus on adults who inject drugs to help prevent future infections.

Hepatitis B vaccination coverage and uptake in prisons across England and Wales 2003–2010: A retrospective ecological study

Vaccine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1965-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Beck ◽  
Rachel Cloke ◽  
Éamonn O’Moore ◽  
Richard Puleston
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
England And Wales

scholarly journals Modelling the hepatitis B vaccination programme in prisons

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. SUTTON ◽  
N. J. GAY ◽  
W. J. EDMUNDS ◽  
N. J. ANDREWS ◽  
V. D. HOPE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Impact

A vaccination programme offering hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine at reception into prison has been introduced into selected prisons in England and Wales. Over the coming years it is anticipated this vaccination programme will be extended. A model has been developed to assess the potential impact of the programme on the vaccination coverage of prisoners, ex-prisoners, and injecting drug users (IDUs). Under a range of coverage scenarios, the model predicts the change over time in the vaccination status of new entrants to prison, current prisoners and IDUs in the community. The model predicts that at baseline in 2012 57% of the IDU population will be vaccinated with up to 72% being vaccinated depending on the vaccination scenario implemented. These results are sensitive to the size of the IDU population in England and Wales and the average time served by an IDU during each prison visit. IDUs that do not receive HBV vaccine in the community are at increased risk from HBV infection. The HBV vaccination programme in prisons is an effective way of vaccinating this hard-to-reach population although vaccination coverage on prison reception must be increased to achieve this.

scholarly journals Effect of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude and practice of hepatitis B vaccine among medical students

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sareetha A. V. ◽  
Nagabushan H. ◽  
Supriya K. H.
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Aim of the study were to assess the impact of education on knowledge, attitude and practice of Hepatitis B vaccine among medical students and to educate the students regarding Hepatitis B vaccination.Methods: Non-randomized before and after comparison study was conducted to evaluate changes in knowledge, attitude and practice of Hepatitis B vaccination (HBV), assigning structured questionnaire of 26 different statements concerning knowledge, attitude and practice by pre and post educational intervention on Hepatitis B and its vaccination.Results: The study was conducted among 100 second year medical students. The response rate was 100%. There was statistically significant improvement in knowledge from pre-test mean scores for modes of transmission (87.4+4.70 vs 95.8+1.61; p=0.0001), preventive measures (92+0.47 vs 98+0.94; p=0.001) and Hepatitis B vaccine (71+4.72 to 84.7+6.65; p=0.0001) to post-test. While the increase in mean scores from pre-test for attitude (68.6+9.21 vs 77.43+11.1) and practice (55+25.41 vs 65.6+32.6) were statistically significant in post-test (p=0.0001; p=0.001 respectively).Conclusions: Structured educational intervention among medical students about Hepatitis B vaccination showed improved knowledge and behaviour and also increased the percentage of students willing to get screened and their participation in health education programmes related to Hepatitis B. However, there is slight lack of knowledge regarding the transmission of Hepatitis B and its vaccination schedule. In this regard, implementation and evaluation of educational intervention is needed as a preventative measure.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among health care workers in rural Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3489
Author(s):  
Vani Srinivas ◽  
Tess Shajan ◽  
Sudheesh Muthuthodiyil Karippankunnath ◽  
Theertha Pradeep Reshmi ◽  
Vidhu Victor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Care Workers

Background: Hepatitis B is one of the most important blood borne infection, the health care workers may acquire while providing care to the patients. The overall aim of this study was to estimate the Hepatitis B vaccine coverage and its determinants among health care workers.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in a rural tertiary care hospital in Palakkad district, of Kerala. We particularly looked for self-reported hepatitis B vaccination coverage and its determinants, using self-administered pretested questionnaire in 410 health workers. We calculated the proportions and looked for association between the various independent variables and dependent variables for vaccination coverage.Results: Out of 410 study participants, 119 (29%) of them were males and 291 (71%) of them were females. The mean age of the participant was 31.3 years and the range was between 19 to 70 years. 365 (89%) were vaccinated with atleast one dose of Hepatitis B Vaccine. Of these 306 (74.6%) had received all the 3 doses of vaccine, as per schedule. Gender and years of experience was not associated with the Hepatitis B vaccination status. However, variables like educational status, professional background was associated with hepatitis B vaccine coverage.Conclusions: The coverage of hepatitis B vaccine was high. Among those with incomplete vaccination few of them were waiting for completing the vaccination schedule in near future. Good hospital policies like vaccinating the new medical students and new employees were the main factors responsible for high vaccination coverage among the health care workers in our study.

scholarly journals Impact of vaccination in the reduction of hepatitis B in Paraná

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila PUDELCO ◽  
Andreia Eloize KOEHLER ◽  
Lúcia Helena Linheira BISETTO
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Role Of Nursing ◽  
The Impact

This study identified the impact of hepatitis B vaccine over reducing incidence of this disease in Paraná State, between 2001 and 2011, and discussed the role of nursing in immunization. Descriptive documental and quantitative research. Utilized secondary data of hepatitis B, between 2001 and 2011 and vaccination coverage of hepatitis B vaccine between 1995 and 2011 in Paraná State, available in DATASUS, SINAN and Immunization Programs. Data has been collected from May to July 2012. Included cases of hepatitis B confirmed by laboratory testing. Of the 14,434 selected cases, 81,8% was in urban residents, 86,5% belonged to 20 to 59 age group and 45,3% were infected by sexual transmission. In the correlation of vaccine coverage with the incidence, was identified reducing this rate in the range of 0 to 9 years old, in places with vaccination coverage's above 95%. It concludes that hepatitis B vaccination had impact over disease reduction in Paraná State.

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