scholarly journals Impact of vaccination in the reduction of hepatitis B in Paraná

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila PUDELCO ◽  
Andreia Eloize KOEHLER ◽  
Lúcia Helena Linheira BISETTO
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Role Of Nursing ◽  
The Impact

This study identified the impact of hepatitis B vaccine over reducing incidence of this disease in Paraná State, between 2001 and 2011, and discussed the role of nursing in immunization. Descriptive documental and quantitative research. Utilized secondary data of hepatitis B, between 2001 and 2011 and vaccination coverage of hepatitis B vaccine between 1995 and 2011 in Paraná State, available in DATASUS, SINAN and Immunization Programs. Data has been collected from May to July 2012. Included cases of hepatitis B confirmed by laboratory testing. Of the 14,434 selected cases, 81,8% was in urban residents, 86,5% belonged to 20 to 59 age group and 45,3% were infected by sexual transmission. In the correlation of vaccine coverage with the incidence, was identified reducing this rate in the range of 0 to 9 years old, in places with vaccination coverage's above 95%. It concludes that hepatitis B vaccination had impact over disease reduction in Paraná State.

scholarly journals Circulating Tfh cell and subsets distribution are associated with low‐responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjuan Yin ◽  
Yongzhen Xiong ◽  
Dongmei Liang ◽  
Hao Tang ◽  
Qian Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Follicular Helper ◽  
Low Responders ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
Antibody Titers

Abstract Background An estimated 5–10 % of healthy vaccinees lack adequate antibody response following receipt of a standard three-dose hepatitis B vaccination regimen. The cellular mechanisms responsible for poor immunological responses to hepatitis B vaccine have not been fully elucidated to date. Methods There were 61 low responders and 56 hyper responders involved in our study. Peripheral blood samples were mainly collected at D7, D14 and D28 after revaccinated with a further dose of 20 µg of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Results We found low responders to the hepatitis B vaccine presented lower frequencies of circulating follicular helper T (cTfh) cells, plasmablasts and a profound skewing away from cTfh2 and cTfh17 cells both toward cTfh1 cells. Importantly, the skewing of Tfh cell subsets correlated with IL-21 and protective antibody titers. Based on the key role of microRNAs involved in Tfh cell differentiation, we revealed miR-19b-1 and miR-92a-1 correlated with the cTfh cell subsets distribution and antibody production. Conclusions Our findings highlighted a decrease in cTfh cells and specific subset skewing contribute to reduced antibody responses in low responders.

scholarly journals Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage Among Persons Who Inject Drugs and Have Evidence of Hepatitis C Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Koepke ◽  
Danielle N. Sill ◽  
Wajiha Z. Akhtar ◽  
Kailynn P. Mitchell ◽  
Sheila M. Guilfoyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Immunization Registry ◽  
Increased Risk

Objectives: Despite recommendations for vaccination against hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) for all adults at increased risk of infection, several US states have reported increases in HAV and HBV infections among persons who inject drugs. We investigated hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccination coverage among a sample of persons who reported injecting drugs and had evidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Methods: We searched the Wisconsin Immunization Registry for the vaccination records of persons who underwent HCV testing at syringe services programs from January 1 through August 31, 2018, and were reported to the Wisconsin Division of Public Health as having positive HCV antibody test results and a history of injection drug use. We calculated the percentage of persons who were vaccinated according to national recommendations. Results: Of 215 persons reported, 204 (94.9%) had a client record in the Wisconsin Immunization Registry. Of these 204 persons, 66 (32.4%) had received ≥1 dose of hepatitis A vaccine, 46 (22.5%) had received 2 doses of hepatitis A vaccine, and 115 (56.4%) had received 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine coverage decreased with increasing age, from 88.0% (22 of 25) among adults aged 20-24 to 30.3% (10 of 33) among adults aged 35-39. Conclusions: These findings suggest that most persons who inject drugs in Wisconsin are susceptible to HAV infection and that most persons aged ≥35 who inject drugs are susceptible to HBV infection. In addition to routine vaccination of children, targeted hepatitis vaccination programs should focus on adults who inject drugs to help prevent future infections.

Progress Toward Integrating Hepatitis B Vaccine Into Routine Infant Immunization Schedules in the United States, 1991 Through 1994

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-803
Author(s):  
Bradley A. Woodruff ◽  
John Stevenson ◽  
Hussain Yusuf ◽  
Sandy L. Kwong ◽  
Karen P. Todoroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Public Health Officials

Objective. We assessed progress toward universal infant immunization against hepatitis B, which was first recommended in November 1991. Methods. Multiple data sources were used to describe vaccination policies and trends in infant hepatitis B vaccine coverage. Results. As of June 1993, 51% of the 63 local, state, and territorial immunization programs recommended hepatitis B vaccination of all newborns shortly after birth. The number of first dosages of hepatitis B vaccine administered to infants in public sector clinics increased rapidly from late 1992 to 1993, and at the end of 1993 was approximately two thirds the number of first dosages of other infant antigens. In a nationwide survey of hospital nurseries 47% offered hepatitis B vaccine to all newborns. Of 3982 sampled newborns in these hospitals, 36.2% had been vaccinated before discharge. In San Francisco and Connecticut, where public health officials encouraged hospitals to offer hepatitis B vaccination, first-dose coverage at discharge was 82.3% in 1994 and 69.1% in 1993, respectively. Coverage was higher in healthier infants and lower in infants of older or bettereducated mothers. Results from the National Health Interview Survey demonstrate that three-dose completion at 12 months of age increased from less than 1% of children born in 1989 to 40% of children born in the fourth quarter of 1992. Vaccination at birth increased from less than 1% of infants born in 1989 to 32% of infants born in the second half of 1993. Conclusions. Infant hepatitis B vaccination has expanded rapidly since national recommendations were made; however, universal coverage has not been achieved.

scholarly journals Cost-Utility Analysis of Expanding Hepatitis B Vaccination Among Healthcare Workforce in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinksew Tewihubo ◽  
Micheale Gebrehans ◽  
Getahun Asmamaw
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Cost Utility Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Utility Analysis ◽  
Current Vaccine ◽  
Total Life

Abstract Objective Ethiopia is one of the countries with high endemicity of hepatitis B infection. In Ethiopia, the current vaccine coverage among health care workers accounts for around 14%. Most health workforce (241,250) of Ethiopia was first considered as susceptible with a probability of getting Hepatitis B Virus acutely and 5–10% chance of progressing to chronic Hepatitis B. Hence, examining cost-utility analysis of hepatitis B vaccination coverage among healthcare workers in Ethiopia was found the most essential work.Method Markov model for expanding vaccination coverage (3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine) was simulated based on the data obtained both primary and secondary data. A secondary data particularly cost and effectiveness data were obtained from published articles, World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) documents. Moreover, cost related data for vaccination and chronic hepatitis B treatment were also gathered by interviewing expertise from Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital (TASH). This study was conducted from a healthcare payer perspective, with 3% discount rate of cost and health outcome as WHO recommendation. Primarily health outcome was measured by Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) gain and Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). Deterministic analysis and tornado diagrams were employed to manage parameter uncertainty and show a plausible range of cost and effectiveness of variables.Result Current vaccination program is more expensive (USD 29.99) with a positive incremental cost of USD 1.32 and less effective that have negative incremental effectiveness of -0.08 and total life year gains of 28.54 than Expanded Hepatitis B vaccination strategy which costs USD 28.67 and gives relatively high total life-year gain of 28.62. The resulting ICER was USD 16.23 per QALY gained. However, the ICER was a negative for the current vaccination strategy that could show, it was dominated by the Expanded Hepatitis B vaccination strategy. One-way sensitivity analysis also provided that the current vaccine coverage was dominated for an increase in the risk of infection among unvaccinated individuals.Conclusion Increasing current vaccine coverage from 14% to no less than 80% across Ethiopian healthcare workforces would be the most cost-effective strategy.

scholarly journals Effect of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude and practice of hepatitis B vaccine among medical students

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sareetha A. V. ◽  
Nagabushan H. ◽  
Supriya K. H.
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Aim of the study were to assess the impact of education on knowledge, attitude and practice of Hepatitis B vaccine among medical students and to educate the students regarding Hepatitis B vaccination.Methods: Non-randomized before and after comparison study was conducted to evaluate changes in knowledge, attitude and practice of Hepatitis B vaccination (HBV), assigning structured questionnaire of 26 different statements concerning knowledge, attitude and practice by pre and post educational intervention on Hepatitis B and its vaccination.Results: The study was conducted among 100 second year medical students. The response rate was 100%. There was statistically significant improvement in knowledge from pre-test mean scores for modes of transmission (87.4+4.70 vs 95.8+1.61; p=0.0001), preventive measures (92+0.47 vs 98+0.94; p=0.001) and Hepatitis B vaccine (71+4.72 to 84.7+6.65; p=0.0001) to post-test. While the increase in mean scores from pre-test for attitude (68.6+9.21 vs 77.43+11.1) and practice (55+25.41 vs 65.6+32.6) were statistically significant in post-test (p=0.0001; p=0.001 respectively).Conclusions: Structured educational intervention among medical students about Hepatitis B vaccination showed improved knowledge and behaviour and also increased the percentage of students willing to get screened and their participation in health education programmes related to Hepatitis B. However, there is slight lack of knowledge regarding the transmission of Hepatitis B and its vaccination schedule. In this regard, implementation and evaluation of educational intervention is needed as a preventative measure.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among health care workers in rural Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3489
Author(s):  
Vani Srinivas ◽  
Tess Shajan ◽  
Sudheesh Muthuthodiyil Karippankunnath ◽  
Theertha Pradeep Reshmi ◽  
Vidhu Victor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Care Workers

Background: Hepatitis B is one of the most important blood borne infection, the health care workers may acquire while providing care to the patients. The overall aim of this study was to estimate the Hepatitis B vaccine coverage and its determinants among health care workers.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in a rural tertiary care hospital in Palakkad district, of Kerala. We particularly looked for self-reported hepatitis B vaccination coverage and its determinants, using self-administered pretested questionnaire in 410 health workers. We calculated the proportions and looked for association between the various independent variables and dependent variables for vaccination coverage.Results: Out of 410 study participants, 119 (29%) of them were males and 291 (71%) of them were females. The mean age of the participant was 31.3 years and the range was between 19 to 70 years. 365 (89%) were vaccinated with atleast one dose of Hepatitis B Vaccine. Of these 306 (74.6%) had received all the 3 doses of vaccine, as per schedule. Gender and years of experience was not associated with the Hepatitis B vaccination status. However, variables like educational status, professional background was associated with hepatitis B vaccine coverage.Conclusions: The coverage of hepatitis B vaccine was high. Among those with incomplete vaccination few of them were waiting for completing the vaccination schedule in near future. Good hospital policies like vaccinating the new medical students and new employees were the main factors responsible for high vaccination coverage among the health care workers in our study.

scholarly journals Modelling alternative strategies for delivering hepatitis B vaccine in prisons: the impact on the vaccination coverage of the injecting drug user population

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (12) ◽  
pp. 1644-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. SUTTON ◽  
N. J. GAY ◽  
W. J. EDMUNDS ◽  
O. N. GILL
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Drug User ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Injecting Drug User

SUMMARYSince 2001 hepatitis B vaccination has been offered to prisoners on reception into prisons in England and Wales. However, short campaigns of vaccinating the entire population of individual prisons have achieved high vaccination coverage for limited periods, suggesting that short campaigns may be a preferable way of vaccinating prisoners. A model is used that describes the flow of prisoners through prisons stratified by injecting status to compare a range of vaccination scenarios that describe vaccination on prison reception or via regular short campaigns. Model results suggest that vaccinating on prison reception can capture a greater proportion of the injecting drug user (IDU) population than the comparable campaign scenarios (63% vs. 55·6% respectively). Vaccination on prison reception is also more efficient at capturing IDUs for vaccination than vaccination via a campaign, although vaccination via campaigns may have a role with some infections for overall control.

MODELING THE IMPACT OF AWARENESS CREATED BY MEDIA CAMPAIGNS ON VACCINATION COVERAGE IN A VARIABLE POPULATION

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 249-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANUPAMA SHARMA ◽  
A. K. MISRA
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Model Stability ◽  
The Impact

Vaccines are a core component of any preventive strategy designed to ensure the global public health. A major factor influencing the successful implementation of any immunization program is awareness and public acceptance of the vaccine. The present study focuses on potential impacts of awareness created by media campaigns on vaccination coverage of hepatitis B. In this paper, a SIR model with vital dynamics in a population of varying size is investigated, which couples hepatitis B vaccination and awareness created by media within a single framework. It is assumed that media campaigns propagate awareness about measures requisite for escaping the chances of contracting hepatitis B. The awareness created by media motivates people to get vaccinated and attain full immunization against hepatitis B virus. For analyzing the model, stability theory of differential equations is employed. First, equilibria of the system comprising fractions of the population are obtained and their stability behavior is discussed. Then the asymptotic behavior of total population is discussed in detail. Three threshold parameters R0, R1and R2governing the dynamics of infection and total population are also affirmed. The findings of numerical simulations are also in line with analytically obtained results.

The Sexual Experience of Married Middle-Aged Women as a Source of Mental Wellbeing: Perceptions, Challenges and Coping Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-203
Author(s):  
Tal Braverman-Uriel ◽  
Tal Litvak-Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

The impact of sexuality on mental wellbeing in women in long-term relationships has only been partially investigated. Emphasis has been on quantitative research studies that do not capture the breadth of the field. The present study looked at how and to what extent women maintain sexual desire in long-term relationships, and how sexuality affects their mental wellbeing. The study used a qualitative narrative approach and included semi-structured interviews with approximately 20 Israeli women aged 40–55 from similar socioeconomic backgrounds and in longstanding, permanent relationships. The findings indicate significant development over the years in the perception of the role of sexuality and its impact on mental wellbeing. The path to good sexuality can and should follow women’s leadership and initiative. Such women have the desire to make an impact, willingness to make an effort, and even an actual ability to exert influence. The interviewees’ tools, strategies, insights and ways of coping can serve as models for other women seeking better sexuality in a long-term relationship.

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