The burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children presenting to a paediatric hospital

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (7) ◽  
pp. 943-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. INGLIS ◽  
A. KESSON ◽  
A. T. NEWALL ◽  
K. MACARTNEY ◽  
C. R. MacINTYRE
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Sydney Australia

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to determine the burden, management and outcomes of rotavirus infection in young children presenting to a tertiary paediatric hospital in Sydney, Australia. All laboratory-confirmed cases of rotavirus in children aged <5 years were identified and medical records reviewed. In 2004, 80 children aged <5 years presented to the hospital with rotavirus gastroenteritis confirmed by stool testing. Infants aged <24 months comprised 75% of cases, with more males than females affected. Most children (86%) acquired rotavirus infection in the community, with a mean length of hospital admission of 2·3 days. There were eight cases of nosocomial infection at a rate of 3/10 000 admissions. The rates of intravenous fluid management (46%) and antibiotic use (28%) were high, reflecting the severity of disease presenting in a hospital setting. These data will help inform the assessment of the recently introduced rotavirus vaccination programme in Australia.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium spp. and rotavirus gastroenteritis and change of incidence after rotavirus vaccination among children in Raparin Pediatrics Hospital, Erbil, Iraq

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-7
Author(s):  
Sally S. Azeez ◽  
Hadi M. Alsakee
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Microbial Etiology ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Background: Watery diarrhea is the most common medical problem among infants and young children, caused by different microbial etiology including Cryptosporidium spp. and rotavirus, which are usually misdiagnosed in conventional stool test. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of Cryptosporidium and rotavirus gastroenteritis among children in Erbil as well as evaluate the efficacy of rotavirus vaccination procedure applied in Erbil.Methods: Fecal specimens were collected from 400 children (boys and girls), aged one month to five years old, who attended Raparin Pediatrics Hospital in Erbil complaining from diarrhea, between January to August 2014. Modified Ziehl Neelsen technique and nested PCR were used for detection of cryptosporidiosis while rotavirus infection was detected by rapid CerTest.Results: Rate of detection of cryptosporidiosis was remarkably higher using PCR than Ziehl-Neelsen stain (0% versus 6%), and the infection was slightly higher among boys (6.25% vs 5.55%) and children ≤2 years (11.7%). The peak of infection reached during spring season (March and April) (9.5%). The detection rate of rotavirus was 32.0%, which was slightly higher among males (34.4% vs 30.0%) and in children between one to three years old (39.3%). The highest detection rate (38.6%) was recorded during winter season (January and February). The infection was significantly higher among non-vaccinated children (65.9% vs 14.1%; p<0.05).Conclusion: The incidence of cryptosporidiosis is declining. However, rotavirus gastroenteritis was relatively high among young children in Erbil. Rotateq vaccine significantly reduced the incidence of rotavirus infection.

scholarly journals THE IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS OF ROTAVIRUS INFECTIONS IN KRASNODAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 152-155
Author(s):  
D. V. Sutovskaya ◽  
A. V. Burlutskaya ◽  
A. V. Dubova ◽  
E. I. Tunikova ◽  
V. V. Kulikova
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Primary Prophylaxis ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Vaccine Prophylaxis ◽  
Rotavirus Infections

Aim. This research was performed to study the specific immunoprophylaxis of rotavirus infection among child population in Krasnodar.Materials and methods. There was conducted the analysis of 2386 medical records of patients who were immunized against the rotavirus infection by the pentavalent reassortant vaccine "Rotatec" for the period of 2013-2017, the assessment of the incidence of acute intestinal infections (AII) and rotavirus infection among vaccinated and unvaccinated children of the first two years of life as well as a comparative analysis of primary prophylaxis of rotavirus infection with the incidence of rotavirus infection according to data of Rospotrebnadzor for the study period.Results. Coverage of the vaccination against rotavirus infection among children in Krasnodar for the period of 2013−2017 was 5,6 % of the target cohort which is not enough to reduce the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis. There was demonstrated the efficacy and safety of rotavirus vaccine. During the study period vaccinated children were 2.5 times less likely to suffer from AII. No cases of rotavirus infection were reported among the vaccinated respondents.Conclusion. The leading role of rotavirus infection in severe forms of acute gastroenteritis in children of the first 5 years of life as well as the high efficiency of vaccine prophylaxis gives hope that vaccination against rotavirus infection will be included in the Russian national calendar of preventive vaccinations everywhere in the nearest future. 

Updates in the Prevalence of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Babylon City

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Latex Test ◽  
Children Under 5

Background: Diarrhea is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old. Globally it is responsible for approximately four billion cases and three million deaths annually. In developing countries, it causes two million deaths each year. The major causative organism is rotavirus which is responsible for one-third of hospitalizations with approximately 40% mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and demographic characteristics of rotavirus infection in Babylon city, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were taken from children with age range of 6 months to 5 years complained of diarrhea during the period beginning in October 2016 till August 2017. The age, gender, residence, the type of feeding, place of the sample collection and duration of diarrhea were recorded. Specimens were analyzed by Latex test for detection of rotavirus. Results: A total of 349 children presented with diarrhea, the rotavirus antigen was detected in 169 fecal specimens from children with diarrhea (48%). More percentages of positive rotavirus specimens were seen in the 5year of age. No gender differences were observed, meanwhile samples obtained from rural areas and breastfed children showed less rotavirus positive infection. Conclusion: The present study confirms that rotavirus infection is still currently a prevalent gastroenteritis causative agent and required careful clinical attention. Pediatricians and health care providers are needed to be encouraged to take into account the children who at risk for developing rotavirus infection including age, residence and type of feeding.

Updates in the Prevalence of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Babylon City

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Latex Test ◽  
Children Under 5

Background: Diarrhea is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old. Globally it is responsible for approximately four billion cases and three million deaths annually. In developing countries, it causes two million deaths each year. The major causative organism is rotavirus which is responsible for one-third of hospitalizations with approximately 40% mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and demographic characteristics of rotavirus infection in Babylon city, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were taken from children with age range of 6 months to 5 years complained of diarrhea during the period beginning in October 2016 till August 2017. The age, gender, residence, the type of feeding, place of the sample collection and duration of diarrhea were recorded. Specimens were analyzed by Latex test for detection of rotavirus. Results: A total of 349 children presented with diarrhea, the rotavirus antigen was detected in 169 fecal specimens from children with diarrhea (48%). More percentages of positive rotavirus specimens were seen in the 5year of age. No gender differences were observed, meanwhile samples obtained from rural areas and breastfed children showed less rotavirus positive infection. Conclusion: The present study confirms that rotavirus infection is still currently a prevalent gastroenteritis causative agent and required careful clinical attention. Pediatricians and health care providers are needed to be encouraged to take into account the children who at risk for developing rotavirus infection including age, residence and type of feeding.

scholarly journals Improving intravenous-to-oral antibiotic switch in children: a team-based audit and implementation approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e001120
Author(s):  
Brendan Joseph McMullan ◽  
Michelle Mahony ◽  
Lolita Java ◽  
Mona Mostaghim ◽  
Michael Plaister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Audit And Feedback ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Intravenous Therapy ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
Surgical Teams

Children in hospital are frequently prescribed intravenous antibiotics for longer than needed. Programmes to optimise timely intravenous-to-oral antibiotic switch may limit excessive in-hospital antibiotic use, minimise complications of intravenous therapy and allow children to go home faster. Here, we describe a quality improvement approach to implement a guideline, with team-based education, audit and feedback, for timely, safe switch from intravenous-to-oral antibiotics in hospitalised children. Eligibility for switch was based on evidence-based guidelines and supported by education and feedback. The project was conducted over 12 months in a tertiary paediatric hospital. Primary outcomes assessed were the proportion of eligible children admitted under paediatric and surgical teams switched within 24 hours, and switch timing prior to and after guideline launch. Secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay, recommencement of intravenous therapy or readmission. The percentage of children switched within 24 hours of eligibility significantly increased from 32/50 (64%) at baseline to 203/249 (82%) post-implementation (p=0.006). The median time to switch fell from 15 hours 42 min to 4 hours 20 min (p=0.0006). In addition, there was a 14-hour median reduction in hospital length of stay (p=0.008). Readmission to hospital and recommencement of intravenous therapy did not significantly change postimplementation. This education, audit and feedback approach improved timely intravenous-to-oral switch in children and also allowed for more timely discharge from hospital. The study demonstrates proof of concept for this implementation with a methodology that can be readily adapted to other paediatric inpatient settings.

scholarly journals Benign Convulsions with Mild Rotavirus and Norovirus Gastroenteritis: Nationwide Data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in South Korea

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Dong Hyun Kim ◽  
Dong Jun Ha ◽  
Yeong Seok Lee ◽  
Min Jun Chun ◽  
Young Se Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Norovirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Increasing Trend

There have been no large-scale studies on the epidemiology of benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) since the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in South Korea in 2007. This study aimed to analyze the trends in rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) and rotavirus-associated CwG (RaCwG) after rotavirus vaccination. Further, we aimed to analyze changes in norovirus gastroenteritis (NVGE) and norovirus-associated CwG (NaCwG) using nationwide data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Between 2007 and 2019, this study analyzed children aged <6 years who were diagnosed with RVGE, NVGE, RaCwG and NaCwG. The changes in the prevalence of each disease and the ratio of CwG to enteritis were analyzed and the effects of age, sex and season were also analyzed. RVGE, RaCwG, NVGE and NaCwG were diagnosed in 273,898, 4246, 35,593 and 337 patients, respectively. The prevalence of RVGE was on a decreasing trend every year, but the prevalence of NaCwG and NVGE was on an increasing trend. There was a significant annual increase in the ratio of CwG to enteritis in both viruses. In order to control the prevalence of RaCwG, measures other than the rotavirus vaccine are required and measures to prevent norovirus are necessary.

scholarly journals Guided Self-help Teletherapy for Behavioural Difficulties in Children with Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Bennett ◽  
Isobel Heyman ◽  
Sophia Varadkar ◽  
Anna Coughtrey ◽  
Fahreen Walji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Behavioural Difficulties

AbstractBehavioural difficulties impact greatly upon quality of life for children with chronic illness and their families but are often not identified or adequately treated, possibly due to the separation of physical and mental health services. This case study describes the content and outcomes of guided self-help teletherapy for behavioural difficulties in a child with epilepsy and complex needs using an evidence-based behavioural parenting protocol delivered within a paediatric hospital setting. Behavioural difficulties and progress towards the family’s self-identified goals were monitored at each session. Validated measures of mental health and quality of life in children were completed before and after intervention and satisfaction was measured at the end of treatment. Measures demonstrated clear progress towards the family’s goals and reduction in weekly ratings of behavioural difficulties. This case demonstrates that a guided self-help teletherapy approach delivered from within the paediatric setting may be one way of meeting unmet need.

scholarly journals A Mental Health Drop-In Centre Offering Brief Transdiagnostic Psychological Assessment and Treatment in a Paediatric Hospital Setting: A One-Year Descriptive Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5369
Author(s):  
Matteo Catanzano ◽  
Sophie D Bennett ◽  
Marc S Tibber ◽  
Anna E Coughtrey ◽  
Holan Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
One Year

Aim: This study was part of a broader project to examine the acceptability, feasibility and impact of a transdiagnostic mental health drop-in centre offering brief psychological assessment and treatment for children and young people and/or their families with mental health needs in the context of long-term physical health conditions (LTCs). The aims of this investigation were to characterise: (i) the use of such a centre, (ii) the demographics and symptoms of those presenting to the centre, and (iii) the types of support that are requested and/or indicated. Methods: A mental health “booth” was located in reception of a national paediatric hospital over one year. Characteristics of young people with LTCs and their siblings/parents attending the booth were defined. Emotional/behavioural symptoms were measured using standardised questionnaires including the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Participants subsequently received one of four categories of intervention: brief transdiagnostic cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), referral to other services, neurodevelopmental assessment or signposting to resources. Results: One hundred and twenty-eight participants were recruited. The mean age of young people was 9.14 years (standard deviation: 4.28); 61% identified as white and 45% were male. Over half of young people recruited scored in the clinical range with respect to the SDQ. Presenting problems included: anxiety (49%), challenging behaviour (35%), low mood (22%) and other (15%). Conclusions: A considerable proportion of young people with LTC in a paediatric hospital scored in the clinical range for common mental health problems, indicating a potential for psychological interventions.

scholarly journals Characterisation of a G2P[4] Rotavirus Outbreak in Western Australia, Predominantly Impacting Aboriginal Children

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Celeste Donato ◽  
Nevada Pingault ◽  
Elena Demosthenous ◽  
Susie Roczo-Farkas ◽  
Julie Bines
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Aboriginal Children ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Dominant Genotype

In May 2017, an outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis was reported that predominantly impacted Aboriginal children ≤4 years of age in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. G2P[4] was identified as the dominant genotype circulating during this period and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the majority of samples exhibited a conserved electropherotype. Full genome sequencing was performed on representative samples that exhibited the archetypal DS-1-like genome constellation: G2-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2 and phylogenetic analysis revealed all genes of the outbreak samples were closely related to contemporary Japanese G2P[4] samples. The outbreak samples consistently fell within conserved sub-clades comprised of Hungarian and Australian G2P[4] samples from 2010. The 2017 outbreak variant was not closely related to G2P[4] variants associated with prior outbreaks in Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory. When compared to the G2 component of the RotaTeq vaccine, the outbreak variant exhibited mutations in known antigenic regions; however, these mutations are frequently observed in contemporary G2P[4] strains. Despite the level of vaccine coverage achieved in Australia, outbreaks continue to occur in vaccinated populations, which pose challenges to regional areas and remote communities. Continued surveillance and characterisation of emerging variants are imperative to ensure the ongoing success of the rotavirus vaccination program in Australia.

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