Occurrence of pathogens in wild rodents caught on Swedish pig and chicken farms

SUMMARYA total of 207 wild rodents were caught on nine pig farms, five chicken farms and five non-farm locations in Sweden and surveyed for a selection of bacteria, parasites and viruses.Lawsonia intracellulariaand pathogenicYersinia enterocoliticawere only detected in rodents on pig farms (9% and 8% prevalence, respectively) which indicate that these agents are more likely to be transmitted to rodents from pigs or the environment on infected farms.Brachyspira hyodysenteriae(1%),Brachyspira intermedia(2%),Campylobacter jejuni(4%),Campylobacter upsaliensis(2%), leptospires (7%) and encephalomyocarditis virus (9%) were also detected from rodents not in contact with farm animals.GiardiaandCryptosporidiumspp. were common, although no zoonotic types were verified, andSalmonella entericawas isolated from 1/11 mice on one farm but not detected by PCR from any of the rodents.Trichinellaspp. andToxoplasma gondiiwere not detected.

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Murine fecal microbiota transplantation lowers gastrointestinal pathogen loads and dampens pro-inflammatory immune responses in Campylobacter jejuni infected secondary abiotic mice

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56442-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Markus M. Heimesaat ◽

Katharina Mrazek ◽

Stefan Bereswill

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Gastrointestinal Pathogen ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractConventional mice are protected from Campylobacter jejuni infection by the murine host-specific gut microbiota composition. We here addressed whether peroral fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) might be an antibiotics-independent option to lower even high gastrointestinal C. jejuni loads in the infected vertebrate host. To address this, secondary abiotic mice were generated by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and perorally infected with C. jejuni by gavage. One week later, mice were stably colonized with more than 109 C. jejuni and subjected to peroral FMT from murine donors on three consecutive days. Two weeks post-intervention, gastrointestinal C. jejuni loads were up to 7.5 orders of magnitude lower following murine FMT versus mock challenge. Remarkably, FMT reversed C. jejuni induced colonic epithelial apoptosis, but enhanced proliferative and regenerative responses in the colon thereby counteracting pathogenic cell damage. Furthermore, FMT dampened both, innate and adaptive immune cell responses in the large intestines upon C. jejuni infection that were accompanied by less C. jejuni-induced colonic nitric oxide secretion. Our study provides strong evidence that novel probiotic formulations developed as alternative option to FMT in severe intestinal inflammatory morbidities including Clostridoides difficile infection might be effective to treat campylobacteriosis and lower pathogen loads in colonized vertebrates including farm animals.

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A study of factors which influence the job satisfaction of stockpeople on commercial pig farms

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600018766 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 1990 ◽

pp. 95-95

Author(s):

R C Segundo ◽

P R English ◽

G Burgess ◽

S A Edwards ◽

O MacPherson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Research Work ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Considerable Influence ◽

Pig Farms ◽

And Performance ◽

The Uk ◽

Farm Livestock

The role of stockmanship in relation to the wellbeing of farm animals has been emphasised in the UK Codes of Recommendations for the Welfare of Farm Livestock (MAFF, 1983). Moreover, previous research work has demonstrated important effects of good and bad stockmanship not only on welfare but also on growth, lactational and reproductive performance of pigs and other farm livestock (Hemsworth et al, 1987). There is a need, therefore, to establish the factors which motivate and demotivate stockpeople since the degree of job satisfaction is likely to have a considerable influence on the attitude and performance of stockpeople and on their empathy with the animals in their care. With this objective in mind, a questionnaire was designed to investigate the aspects which could have an influence on the job satisfaction of the stockpeople involved in pig production.

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Genetic Diversity of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Farm Animals and the Farm Environment

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.69.12.7409-7413.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 69 (12) ◽

pp. 7409-7413 ◽

Cited By ~ 116

Author(s):

F. M. Colles ◽

K. Jones ◽

R. M. Harding ◽

M. C. J. Maiden

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Human Disease ◽

Clonal Complex ◽

Food Samples ◽

Complex Model ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Significant Genetic Differentiation ◽

Sequence Types ◽

Retail Food

ABSTRACT The genetic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from farm animals and their environment was investigated by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A total of 30 genotypes, defined by allelic profiles (assigned to sequence types [STs]), were found in 112 C. jejuni isolates originating in poultry, cattle, sheep, starlings, and slurry. All but two of these genotypes belonged to one of nine C. jejuni clonal complexes previously identified in isolates from human disease and retail food samples and one clonal complex previously associated with an environmental source. There was some evidence for the association of certain clonal complexes with particular farm animals: isolates belonging to the ST-45 complex predominated among poultry isolates but were absent among sheep isolates, while isolates belonging to the ST-61 and ST-42 complexes were predominant among sheep isolates but were absent from the poultry isolates. In contrast, ST-21 complex isolates were distributed among the different isolation sources. Comparison with MLST data from 91 human disease isolates showed small but significant genetic differentiation between the farm and human isolates; however, representatives of six clonal complexes were found in both samples. These data demonstrate that MLST and the clonal complex model can be used to identify and compare the genotypes of C. jejuni isolates from farm animals and the environment with those from retail food and human disease.

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Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Salmonella spp. e Yersinia enterocolitica isoladas de animais silvestres em um centro de reabilitação

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-4989 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (9) ◽

pp. 1838-1843

Author(s):

Débora R. Silveira ◽

Camile Milan ◽

Marina M. Ferrasso ◽

Priscila A. Dias ◽

Thamíris P. Moraes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Didelphis Albiventris

RESUMO: Muitas espécies de animais silvestres de vida livre servem como reservatório de bactérias patogênicas que ameaçam a saúde humana e dos animais domésticos. Algumas bactérias, como Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Yersinia enterocolitica e Salmonella enterica, causam enfermidades em humanos e podem contaminar os animais domésticos e silvestres. O Núcleo de Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestre da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (NURFS-UFPel) soluciona uma demanda regional específica de atenção à fauna silvestre brasileira. O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar a presença de Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Salmonella spp. e Yersinia enterocolitica em animais silvestres que se encontravam em processo de reabilitação. Foram coletadas amostras de fezes, com uso de zaragatoas estéreis, de 34 aves, 16 mamíferos e 23 répteis. Dos 73 animais amostrados, quatro (5,48%) albergavam Y. enterocolitica, sendo duas aves, um mamífero e um réptil. Salmonella e Campylobacter não foram isolados. Os perfis de bandas dos isolados de Y. enterocolitica analisados pela rep-PCR foram diferentes entre si. Esses resultados indicam que as cepas isoladas não estão relacionadas entre si, não possuindo uma origem comum recente. Vanellus chilensis, Turdus rufiventris, Didelphis albiventris e Pantherophis guttatus podem albergar Y. enterocolitica e eliminá-la nas fezes, oferecendo risco de disseminação desse micro-organismo no ambiente, além de constituírem possíveis fontes de contaminação para humanos e outros animais.

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Development of polyvalent toxoid Clostridium perfringens against anaerobic enterotoxaemia in young cattle and small ruminants

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202128204009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 282 ◽

pp. 04009

Author(s):

F.Kh. Pulotov ◽

O.D. Nazarova ◽

N.A. Akhmadov ◽

A.I. Karimzoda

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Medium ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Drug Preparation ◽

Type D ◽

Industrial Strains ◽

Type C ◽

Young Cattle ◽

C 30 ◽

Selection Of

The authors of the article presents the results of the development of a polyvalent toxoid from C.perfringens strains against anaerobic enterotoxaemia of young cattle and small ruminants and an assessment of its effectiveness. It is presented the data on the selection of the recipe composition of the nutrient medium, the cultivation of industrial strains, the process of drug preparation, the selection of the optimal ratio of components and the method of controlling the effectiveness. Sequential cultivation of industrial strains of C.perfringens was carried out by cultivating them in flasks, bottles and bioreactors in the nutrient medium developed by the authors, consisting of: 12.0 g/l - liver extract; 25.0 g/l - casein-peptone; 3.2g/l –K2HPO4; 1.8 g/l – KH2PO4; 0.5 g/l – MgSO4. The development of the drug included the selection of optimal and balanced ratios of C. perfringens type A toxoids - 15 IU/ml, C.perfringens type B - 20 IU/ml, C.perfringens type C - 30 IU/ml, C. perfringens type D - 30 IU/ml, which ensured 100% protection of the immunized animals. Studies on laboratory and farm animals revealed the harmlessness, areactogenicity of the drug, which stimulated the development of immunity and resistance to the toxic effects of all strains of C.perfringens.

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The analysis of chromatin organisation allows selection of mouse antral oocytes competent for development to blastocyst

Zygote ◽

10.1017/s0967199402002101 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 73-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

Maurizio Zuccotti ◽

Rubén H. Ponce ◽

Michele Boiani ◽

Stefano Guizzardi ◽

Paolo Govoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Developmental Competence ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Cell Stage ◽

Developmental Potential ◽

Different Types ◽

Chromatin Organisation ◽

Selection For ◽

Gamete Selection ◽

Selection Of

Mouse antral oocytes can be classified in two different types termed SN or NSN oocytes, depending on the presence or absence, respectively, of a ring of Hoechst 33342-positive chromatin surrounding the nucleolus. The aim of the present study was to test the developmental competence to blastocyst of the two types of oocytes. Here we show that following isolation, classification and culture of cumulus-free antral oocytes, 14.7% and 74.5% of NSN and SN oocytes, respectively, reached the metaphase II stage. When fertilised and further cultured none of the metaphase II NSN oocytes developed beyond the 2-cell stage whilst 47.4% of the metaphase II SN oocytes reached the 4-cell stage and 18.4% developed to blastocyst. The findings reported in this paper may contribute to improved procedures of female gamete selection for in vitro fertilisation of humans and farm animals. Furthermore, the selection of oocytes with better developmental potential may be of interest for studies on nuclear/cytoplasm interaction, particularly in nuclear-transfer experiments.

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