A cross-sectional study to assess the long-term health status of patients with lower respiratory tract infections, including Q fever

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. G. van DAM ◽  
J. A. F. van LOENHOUT ◽  
J. B. PETERS ◽  
A. RIETVELD ◽  
W. J. PAGET ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Impaired Health ◽  
Tract Infections

SUMMARYPatients with a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) might be at risk for long-term impaired health status. We assessed whether LRTI patients without Q fever are equally at risk for developing long-term symptoms compared to LRTI patients with Q fever. The study was a cross-sectional cohort design. Long-term health status information of 50 Q fever-positive and 32 Q fever-negative LRTI patients was obtained. Health status was measured by the Nijmegen Clinical Screening Instrument. The most severely affected subdomains of the Q fever-positive group were ‘general quality of life’ (40%) and ‘fatigue’ (40%). The most severely affected subdomains of the Q fever-negative group were ‘fatigue’ (64%) and ‘subjective pulmonary symptoms’ (35%). Health status did not differ significantly between Q fever-positive LRTI patients and Q fever-negative LRTI patients for all subdomains, except for ‘subjective pulmonary symptoms’ (P = 0·048).

scholarly journals A Cross -Sectional Study of Bacteriological Profile of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit in Central Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (24) ◽  
pp. 2077-2082
Author(s):  
Satheesh Chandra Sugatha Rao ◽  
Shara Beena
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

BACKGROUND Lower respiratory tract infections are the most common bacterial infections in neurosurgery intensive care units (NSICU), resulting in high overall mortality. The emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens poses a challenge to their empiric treatment. Regular surveillance of the prevalent strains and their susceptibility pattern, helps to revise the antibiotic policies and aids in better management of the patient. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery and Microbiology, Government Medical College, Thrissur, over a period of 1 year, using lower respiratory tract specimens of 190 patients with acute respiratory symptoms admitted in neurosurgery intensive care unit. The specimens collected aseptically were processed immediately. Following culture, the bacterial isolates were identified using standard methods and antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The data obtained was coded and entered in Microsoft Excel and expressed as percentage. RESULTS Bacterial isolates were obtained from 74 % samples. 82 % isolates were monomicrobial and 18 % were polymicrobial. Majority of the isolates were gram negative bacteria (94 %) followed by gram positive bacteria (6 %). The common gram-negative isolates were K. pneumoniae (36 %), A. baumannii (29 %), P. aeruginosa (20 %). Methicillin-resistant staph (MRSA) (3 %) and methicillinsusceptible staph (MSSA) (3 %) accounted for the gram positive cocci. 61 % isolates were multi drug resistant (MDR). Most common MDR organism was A. baumannii. It was observed that 26 % isolates were extended spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) producers. A high rate of resistance to cephalosporins, beta lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and cotrimoxazole was observed. An emerging resistance to carbapenems was observed. CONCLUSIONS Proper microbiological work up and antibiotic stewardship programmes can limit spread of resistant organisms, thereby reducing the medical and economic burden of the patient. KEYWORDS Lower Respiratory Tract Infection, Neurosurgery ICU, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests, Multi Drug Resistant Organisms

scholarly journals The Effect of Parental Smoking on the Severity of Asthma in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Irani ◽  
Jad Saliba
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asthma Exacerbations ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: Several environmental factors trigger attacks of asthma by immunological and non-immunological mechanisms. Among these factors are cited the passive or second hand smoking (SHS) which has a deleterious effect on the prognosis of childhood asthma and induces a resistance to treatment by corticosteroids. The aim of the present study was to identify parents of children with asthma who are smokers and to explore the possible negative impact of SHS exposure on the disease of asthmatic children.MATERIALS & METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted from February 2012 to February 2013.The study population consisted of children with asthma. The information concerning the patients was collected from their medical records filled out by the physician in a clinical setting in direct communication with the patients, or their parents when it is a little child. A group of 100 children age between 2 and 15 years, with asthma were recruited for the study. The study children were divided into two groups: cases with 28 children from smoking families, and controls with 73 children from non-smoking families. Analysis of the number of respiratory infections, asthma exacerbations per year, and the average number of hospitalization was done in both groups.RESULTS: Pearson chi2 test was adopted. We showed that smoking among the father was positively correlated with a higher number of hospitalizations for asthma, higher incidence of lower respiratory tract infections and asthma exacerbations. Similarly, the maternal smoking was positively correlated with a higher number of hospitalizations for asthma, lower respiratory tract infections and asthma exacerbations.CONCLUSION: Passive smoking causes respiratory illness, asthma, poor growth, neurological disorders in children. To avoid the risk of respiratory and allergic diseases by environmental tobacco smoke, absolute smoking cessation by parents is strongly recommended.

scholarly journals 425. The Utility of Paired Upper and Lower COVID-19 Sampling in Patients with Artificial Airways

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S279-S279
Author(s):  
Eimear Kitt ◽  
Julia S Sammons ◽  
Kathleen Chiotos ◽  
Susan E Coffin ◽  
Susan E Coffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends upper respiratory tract (URT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing as the initial diagnostic test for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Lower respiratory tract (LRT) testing for patients requiring mechanical ventilation is also recommended. The goal of this study was to evaluate concordance between paired URT and LRT specimens in children undergoing pre-admission/procedure screening or diagnostic testing. We hypothesized that < 10% of paired tests would have discordant results. Methods Single center cross-sectional study including children with artificial airways who had paired URT and LRT SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing between 4/1/2020 and 6/8/2020. URT specimens included nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and aspirates. LRT specimens included tracheal aspirates and bronchoalveolar lavages. URT and LRT specimens were classified as paired if the two specimens were collected within 24 hours. Artificial airways included tracheostomies and endotracheal tubes. Tests were classified as diagnostic versus screening based on the indication selected in the order. Results 102 paired specimens were obtained during the study period. Fifty-nine were performed for screening and 43 were performed for diagnosis of suspected SARS-CoV-2. Overall, 94 specimens (92%) were concordant, including 89 negative from both sources and 5 positive from both sources. Eight specimens (8%) were discordant, all of which were positive from the URT and negative from the LRT (Figure 1). Among patients undergoing screening, 3 of 4 positive tests were discordant and among symptomatic patients, 5 of 9 positive tests were discordant. There were no instances of a positive LRT specimen with a negative URT specimen. Figure 1. Performance of upper and lower respiratory tract SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing in children with artificial airways Conclusion Overall, most paired samples from the URT and LRT yielded concordant results with no pairs positive from the LRT and negative from the URT. These data support the CDC recommendation that URT specimens are the preferred initial SARS-CoV-2 test, while LRT specimens should be collected only from mechanically ventilated with suspected SARS-CoV-2. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Reappraisal of respiratory syncytial virus as an aetiology of severe acute lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 446-452
Author(s):  
Damilola M Oladele ◽  
Dimeji P Oladele ◽  
Rasheedat M Ibraheem ◽  
Mohammed B Abdulkadir ◽  
Rasaki Adewole Raheem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) especially severe ALRIs, constitute a global high burden of morbidity and mortality in children <5 y of age and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been documented to a play a major aetiological role. However, Nigerian reports on severe childhood RSV ALRIs are rare and most reports are old. With recent advances in RSV preventive strategy, arises the need for a recent appraisal of RSV infection in children with severe ALRI. The current study thus set out to determine the prevalence of RSV infection among hospitalized children <5 y of age and describe the related social determinants. Methods We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over 1 y of 120 children, ages 2–59 months, diagnosed with ALRI. Relevant data were obtained and an antigen detection assay was used for viral studies. Results The prevalence of RSV infection was 34.2% and its peak was in the rainy months. The proportion of infants in the RSV-positive group was significantly higher than that in the RSV-negative group (82.9% vs 54.4%; p=0.002). These findings were largely consistent with those of earlier reports. Conclusions RSV has remained a common cause of severe ALRI in infants, especially during the rainy months in Nigeria. It is thus suggested that more effort be focused towards implementing the current global recommendations for the prevention of RSV-associated LRI, particularly in infants.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on prescription pattern of drugs in upper respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Divya Bade ◽  
Shivashankaramurthy K. G. ◽  
Kiran L. J. ◽  
Raghuprasada M. S. ◽  
Harishkumar V. S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Upper respiratory tract infections are one of the leading causes of hospital visits worldwide. Judicious use of antibiotics is challenging for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in developing countries like India. This leads to inappropriate use of antibiotics causing many dreaded conditions like antibacterial resistance among other things. Hence rational use of drugs, mainly antibacterial, is a priority to reduce the burden of treatment failure. The objective of this study is to study the prescribing patterns and rationality of drugs prescribed in the management of URTIs.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data was collected from records of 300 outpatients clinically diagnosed as URTIs from SSIMS and RC Hospital, Davangere between January 2015 and June 2016. The prescribing patterns, approval status and listing of drugs in World Health Organization (WHO) essential medicines list/ National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) were analysed. The data was presented as percentages, mean and standard deviations.Results: A total of 300 cases were studied. Among these, acute pharyngitis (29%) and acute sinusitis (26%) are the most common infections. Of the 300 cases studied, 283 (94.3%) were prescribed antimicrobials. Of the total 740 medications prescribed, 393 (53.1%) were fixed-dose combinations (FDCs). A total of 724 medications (97.8%) were approved by Drugs Controller General of India and 248 (33.5%) by Food and Drug Administration. Only 5.8% of the prescribed drugs have been listed in WHO’s and NLEM. The most common class of antibacterials prescribed was Beta-lactams.Conclusions: Oral formulations were preferred over parenteral formulations and FDCs were preferred over single drug formulations. Beta-lactams comprised the major class of antibacterial prescribed.

scholarly journals Oral health status among long-term hospitalized adults: A cross sectional study.

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Bilder ◽  
Nirit Yavnai ◽  
Avi Zini
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Plaque Score ◽  
Dental Professional

Background: Many Long-Term Care (LTC) patients suffer from dental neglect due to difficulties in achieving appropriate dental professional care; although oral health has important influence on the quality of life among them. Dental care of the long term institutionalized adults is often limited to emergency and first aid care and there is insufficient data regarding oral health status in this population.Objectives: To describe the oral health status of the long-term hospitalized adults. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study including clinical oral examinations was carried out among institutionalized LTC patients aged 18 and older in a geriatric - psychiatric Hospital in Israel. Main outcome measures were: edentulousness, presence of dentures, mucosal findings, number of teeth, number of functional teeth, level of dental hygiene and, dental caries. Results: Subjects’ mean age was 65 years; 31.3% of the patients were edentulous, and only 14% had partial or full dentures. Only 17.2% were caries free. Females had significantly higher number of caries cavitation than men (p=0.044). The number of caries cavitation was higher among patients with higher plaque scores (p<0.001) and when taking Clonex (p=0.018). Number of residual teeth in mouth was higher in the low plaque score group (p<0.001). Carious teeth percentage was higher among the high plaque score group (p<0.001)

scholarly journals The Long Term Chemotherapy with Erythromycin in Chronic Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi SAWAKI ◽  
Riichiro MIKAMI ◽  
Keiichi MIKASA ◽  
Mikikazu KUNIMATSU ◽  
Shinsaku ITO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Who is at risk of occupational Q fever: new insights from a multi-profession cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e030088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Groten ◽  
Karola Kuenzer ◽  
Udo Moog ◽  
Beate Hermann ◽  
Katrin Maier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
Regular Contact

ObjectivesQ fever is a zoonosis caused by the bacteriumCoxiella burnetii. It is recognised as an occupational hazard for individuals who are in regular contact with animal birth products. Data from the literature are not comparable because different serological assays perform very differently in detecting past infections. It is therefore essential to choose the right assay for obtaining reliable data of seroprevalence. Obstetricians are another profession potentially at risk of Q fever. They can be infected from birth products of women with Q fever during pregnancy. There is little data, however, for Q fever in this occupational group. Our study therefore had two purposes. The first was to obtain reliable seroprevalence data for occupational groups in regular contact with animal birth products by using an assay with proven excellent sensitivity and specificity for detecting past infections. The second purpose was to obtain primary data for obstetricians.DesignWe carried out a cross-sectional study.SettingThe study included shepherds, cattle farmers, veterinarians and obstetricians from Thuringia.Participants77 shepherds, 74 veterinarians, 14 cattle farmers, 17 office employees and 68 obstetricians participated. The control group consisted of 92 blood donors.Primary outcome measureThe primary outcome measure wasC. burnetiiphase II specific IgG. The assay used was evaluated for this purpose in a previous study.ResultsOf the 250 blood samples we analysed, the very highest seroprevalences (64%–77%) occurred in individuals with frequent animal contact. There were no significant differences between shepherds, cattle farmers and veterinarians. The seroprevalence in people working in administration was lower but still significantly greater than the control. No obstetricians or midwives tested positive.ConclusionsShepherds, cattle farmers and veterinarians have a high risk ofC. burnetiiinfection. However, our study clearly proves that there was no increased risk for people working in an obstetric department.

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