scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (16) ◽  
pp. 3422-3425 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. SINGH ◽  
M. CHHABRA ◽  
P. SHARMA ◽  
R. JAISWAL ◽  
G. SINGH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Western India ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYCrimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging zoonotic disease in India which is prevalent in neighbouring countries. CCHF virus (CCHFV) is a widespread tick-borne virus which is endemic in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and the Middle East. In the present study, samples of clinically suspected human cases from different areas of northern-western India were tested for the presence of CCHFV by RT–PCR through amplification of nucleocapsid (N) gene of CCHFV. Positive samples were sequenced to reveal the prevailing CCHFV genotype(s) and phylogenetic relatedness. A phylogenetic tree revealed the emergence of diverse strains in the study region showing maximum identity with the Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran strains, which was different from earlier reported Indian strains. Our findings reveal for the first time the emergence of the Asia 1 group in India; while earlier reported CCHFV strains belong to the Asia 2 group.

scholarly journals Haemophagocytosis in a patient with Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1126-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atahan Cagatay ◽  
Mahir Kapmaz ◽  
Asli Karadeniz ◽  
Seniha Basaran ◽  
Mustafa Yenerel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Patient History ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe disease with a case fatality of 2.8 to 80 %. A patient dwelling in an endemic region for CCHF was admitted with fever preceding bleeding diathesis and pancytopenia. Despite no history of tick exposure, CCHF was highly suspected. With an oral ribavirin therapy, clinical and laboratory improvements were obtained. The diagnosis was confirmed by detection of IgM antibody to CCHF virus and positive RT-PCR. Although the main pathogenesis of CCHF infection is not elucidated yet, haemophagocytosis, a symptom rarely reported in viral haemorrhagic fevers, was observed in this case. Haemophagocytosis is suggested to have a role in the development of pancytopenia in CCHF, the mechanism of which still needs to be investigated, probably with cytokine studies. Together with clinical symptoms and patient history, haemophagocytosis may be an indicator for CCHF.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis in a recent controlled outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in the south of Iran, December 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Chinikar ◽  
S M Ghiasi ◽  
M Moradi ◽  
M M Goya ◽  
M Reza Shirzadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
And Control

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral zoonotic disease with a high mortality rate in humans. The CCHF virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of Ixodid ticks or contact with blood or tissues of CCHF patients or infected livestock. In December 2008, a re-emerging outbreak of CCHF occurred in the southern part of Iran. Five people were hospitalised with sudden fever and haemorrhaging, and CCHF was confirmed by RT-PCR and serological assays. One of the cases had a fulminant course and died. Livestock was identified as the source of infection; all animals in the incriminated herd were serologically analysed and more than half of them were positive for CCHFV. We demonstrated that two routes of transmission played a role in this outbreak: contact with tissue and blood of infected livestock, and nosocomial transmission. Phylogenetic analyses helped to identify the origin of this transmission. This outbreak should be considered as a warning for the national CCHF surveillance system to avoid further outbreaks through robust prevention and control programmes.

scholarly journals Non-fatal case of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever imported into the United Kingdom (ex Bulgaria), June 2014

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lumley ◽  
B Atkinson ◽  
S D Dowall ◽  
J K Pitman ◽  
S Staplehurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) was diagnosed in a United Kingdom traveller who returned from Bulgaria in June 2014. The patient developed a moderately severe disease including fever, headaches and petechial rash. CCHF was diagnosed following identification of CCHF virus (CCHFV) RNA in a serum sample taken five days after symptom onset. Sequence analysis of the CCHFV genome showed that the virus clusters within the Europe 1 clade, which includes viruses from eastern Europe.

scholarly journals DETECTION AND GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RNA ISOLATES OF CRIMEAN-CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS FROM THE HYALOMMA MARGINATUM TICKS COLLECTED IN THE ASTRAKHAN REGION (2016)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 248-253
Author(s):  
Elena V. Vakalova ◽  
A. S Volynkina ◽  
E. S Kotenev ◽  
L. N Kulikova ◽  
N. V Viktorova
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Viral Resistance ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Hyalomma Marginatum ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

1,746 specimens of H. marginatum ticks collected in the Astrakhan region were examined by RT-PCR, their infection rate with CCHF virus amounted to 1.5%. This is comparable with results of earlier studies performed in different years in the Astrakhan and Rostov regions and testified to such indices of viral resistance as 0.1; 0.9; 2.4; 0.6; 0.9 and 2.3%. As a result of sequencing of fragments of the genome (fourteen of the 26 isolates of RNA, they refer to the genotype Europe-1. Seven out of 14 isolates belong to the subtype Va Stavropol-Rostov-Astrakhan, two represent the reassortant genetic variant S-Vc; M-Vb; L-Va.

scholarly journals Viraemic transmission of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus to ticks

1991 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Shepherd ◽  
R. Swanepoel ◽  
S. P. Shepherd ◽  
P. A. Leman ◽  
O. Mathee
Keyword(s):  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Transovarial Transmission ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Hyalomma Truncatum ◽  
Virus Content ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Tick Vectors

SUMMARYIn order to determine the way in which vertebrates infected with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus and potential ixodid tick vectors interact in nature, immature and adult ticks of several species were fed on viraemic mammals and then assayed for virus content at varying times after feeding. CCHF virus was not isolated from ticks of six species tested after feeding as adults and immature forms on sheep with viraemia of 102·5−3·2LD 50/ml, nor from larval ticks fed on guinea-pigs and white-tailed rats with viraemia of 101·9−2·7LD 50/ml. In contrast, virus was isolated from 10 of 152 pools of engorged adult ticks of 5 species that fed on cattle with viraemia of 101·5−2·7LD 50/ml and from 3 of 137 female ticks after oviposition. Infection was transmitted to larval and nymphalHyalomma truncatumandH. marginatum rufipes, but not toRhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, from a scrub hare with viraemia of 104·250/ml but only nymphalH. truncatumandH. m. rufipesbecame infected from scrub hares with viraemia of 102·6−2·7LD 50/ml. Infection was transmitted trans-stadially inH. m. rufipesandH. truncatuminfected as nymphae, and adultH. m. rufipestransmitted infection to a sheep. No evidence of transovarial transmission was found in larval progeny of ticks exposed to CCHF virus as adults on sheep and cattle or as immatures on scrub hares.

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever outbreak in Middle Anatolia: a multicentre study of clinical features and outcome measures

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Bakir ◽  
Mehmet Ugurlu ◽  
Basak Dokuzoguz ◽  
Hurrem Bodur ◽  
Mehmet A Tasyaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chart Review ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

A Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) outbreak emerged from 2001 to 2003 in the Middle Anatolia region of Turkey. This study describes the clinical characteristics and outcome features of CCHF patients admitted to four tertiary care hospitals in Turkey. Definitive diagnosis was based on the detection of CCHF virus-specific IgM by ELISA or of genomic segments of the CCHF virus by RT-PCR. Related data were collected by a retrospective chart review. Hospital costs were extracted from the final discharge bills. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the independent predictors of mortality. CCHF virus-specific antibodies or genomic segments were detected in the sera of 99 cases. Seven cases that were treated with ribavirin were excluded from the study. Cases were mostly farmers (83 cases, 90 %), and 60 % had a tick-bite history before the onset of fever. Impaired consciousness and splenomegaly were independent predictors of a fatal outcome.

scholarly journals Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in a Greek worker returning from Bulgaria, June 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Papa ◽  
Filothei Markatou ◽  
Helena C. Maltezou ◽  
Elpida Papadopoulou ◽  
Eirini Terzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Status ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Haemodynamic Instability ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Supportive Treatment ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

We report a tick-borne case of severe Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) imported into Greece from Bulgaria. The patient presented severe thrombocytopenia, hemophagocytosis, haemodynamic instability, large haematomas and altered mental status. Supportive treatment and ribavirin were administered. Symptoms started one day after the tick was removed; the patient was discharged from the hospital 26 days after symptom onset. No secondary cases were observed. Phylogenetically the CCHF virus strain belongs to clade Europe 1.

The seroprevalance of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in people living in the same environment with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever patients in an endemic region in Turkey

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. KOKSAL ◽  
G. YILMAZ ◽  
F. AKSOY ◽  
S. ERENSOY ◽  
H. AYDIN
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Household Members

SUMMARYCrimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is endemic in Turkey, and since 2004 many cases have been reported from different regions of Turkey. There are limited data about the seroprevalence of the disease in household members of patients or persons sharing the same environment. We evaluated seroprevalence of CCHF in the immediate neighbourhood and in household members of patients living in the same environment as confirmed cases of CCHF in an endemic area of Turkey. A total of 625 healthy subjects [mean (s.d.) age: 42·3 (18·4) years, 58·7% females] without a past history of CCHF infection included in this case-control, retrospective study were evaluated in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors for CCHF via a study questionnaire, while serum analysis for CCHF virus (CCHFV) IgG antibodies was performed by ELISA. Anti-CCHFV IgG antibodies were positive in 85 (13·6%) participants. None of the seropositive individuals had a history of symptomatic infection. Regression analysis revealed that animal husbandry [odds ratio (OR) 1·84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·09–3·11], contact with animals (OR 2·31, 95% CI 1·08–5·10), contact with ticks (OR 3·45, 95% CI 1·87–6·46), removing ticks from animals by hand (OR 2·48, 95% CI 1·48–4·18) and living in a rural area (OR 4·05, 95% CI 1·65–10·56) were associated with increased odds of having IgG seropositivity, while being a household member of a patient with prior CCHF infection had no influence on seropositivity rates. This result also supports the idea that CCHF is not transmitted person-to-person by the airborne route.

Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever and diffuse alveolar haemorrhage

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levent Doganci ◽  
Meltem Ceyhan ◽  
Nuriye Fisgin Tasdeler ◽  
Hanife Sarikayalar ◽  
Necla Tulek
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Alveolar Haemorrhage ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Haemorrhage ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

Although the pathology of Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is mainly related to a haemorrhagic process with secondary cytokine storm, there have been no published reports of this fatal disease being a cause of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH). There are many aetiological factors emphasizing the direct role of endothelial injury on DAH. We present the case of a young adult Turkish man with diffuse bilateral alveolar haemorrhage without an episode of gross haemoptysis caused by the CCHF virus. Successful clinical results and a rapid clinical and radiological clearance were obtained within few days after starting daily oral ribavirin treatment. This fatal infection should be considered to exist in any patient presenting with DAH, and should rapidly be treated with ribavirin. Another very important factor which should always be borne in mind is the contagious character of the CCHF virus. It is one of the most dangerous microorganisms transmitted from person to person. Even the bronchoscopes contaminated with patient blood carry a high risk for nosocomial spread to medical staff and other patients.

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