scholarly journals Haemophagocytosis in a patient with Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1126-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atahan Cagatay ◽  
Mahir Kapmaz ◽  
Asli Karadeniz ◽  
Seniha Basaran ◽  
Mustafa Yenerel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Patient History ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe disease with a case fatality of 2.8 to 80 %. A patient dwelling in an endemic region for CCHF was admitted with fever preceding bleeding diathesis and pancytopenia. Despite no history of tick exposure, CCHF was highly suspected. With an oral ribavirin therapy, clinical and laboratory improvements were obtained. The diagnosis was confirmed by detection of IgM antibody to CCHF virus and positive RT-PCR. Although the main pathogenesis of CCHF infection is not elucidated yet, haemophagocytosis, a symptom rarely reported in viral haemorrhagic fevers, was observed in this case. Haemophagocytosis is suggested to have a role in the development of pancytopenia in CCHF, the mechanism of which still needs to be investigated, probably with cytokine studies. Together with clinical symptoms and patient history, haemophagocytosis may be an indicator for CCHF.

The seroprevalance of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in people living in the same environment with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever patients in an endemic region in Turkey

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. KOKSAL ◽  
G. YILMAZ ◽  
F. AKSOY ◽  
S. ERENSOY ◽  
H. AYDIN
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Household Members

SUMMARYCrimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is endemic in Turkey, and since 2004 many cases have been reported from different regions of Turkey. There are limited data about the seroprevalence of the disease in household members of patients or persons sharing the same environment. We evaluated seroprevalence of CCHF in the immediate neighbourhood and in household members of patients living in the same environment as confirmed cases of CCHF in an endemic area of Turkey. A total of 625 healthy subjects [mean (s.d.) age: 42·3 (18·4) years, 58·7% females] without a past history of CCHF infection included in this case-control, retrospective study were evaluated in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors for CCHF via a study questionnaire, while serum analysis for CCHF virus (CCHFV) IgG antibodies was performed by ELISA. Anti-CCHFV IgG antibodies were positive in 85 (13·6%) participants. None of the seropositive individuals had a history of symptomatic infection. Regression analysis revealed that animal husbandry [odds ratio (OR) 1·84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·09–3·11], contact with animals (OR 2·31, 95% CI 1·08–5·10), contact with ticks (OR 3·45, 95% CI 1·87–6·46), removing ticks from animals by hand (OR 2·48, 95% CI 1·48–4·18) and living in a rural area (OR 4·05, 95% CI 1·65–10·56) were associated with increased odds of having IgG seropositivity, while being a household member of a patient with prior CCHF infection had no influence on seropositivity rates. This result also supports the idea that CCHF is not transmitted person-to-person by the airborne route.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (16) ◽  
pp. 3422-3425 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. SINGH ◽  
M. CHHABRA ◽  
P. SHARMA ◽  
R. JAISWAL ◽  
G. SINGH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Western India ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYCrimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging zoonotic disease in India which is prevalent in neighbouring countries. CCHF virus (CCHFV) is a widespread tick-borne virus which is endemic in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and the Middle East. In the present study, samples of clinically suspected human cases from different areas of northern-western India were tested for the presence of CCHFV by RT–PCR through amplification of nucleocapsid (N) gene of CCHFV. Positive samples were sequenced to reveal the prevailing CCHFV genotype(s) and phylogenetic relatedness. A phylogenetic tree revealed the emergence of diverse strains in the study region showing maximum identity with the Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran strains, which was different from earlier reported Indian strains. Our findings reveal for the first time the emergence of the Asia 1 group in India; while earlier reported CCHFV strains belong to the Asia 2 group.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis in a recent controlled outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in the south of Iran, December 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Chinikar ◽  
S M Ghiasi ◽  
M Moradi ◽  
M M Goya ◽  
M Reza Shirzadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
And Control

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral zoonotic disease with a high mortality rate in humans. The CCHF virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of Ixodid ticks or contact with blood or tissues of CCHF patients or infected livestock. In December 2008, a re-emerging outbreak of CCHF occurred in the southern part of Iran. Five people were hospitalised with sudden fever and haemorrhaging, and CCHF was confirmed by RT-PCR and serological assays. One of the cases had a fulminant course and died. Livestock was identified as the source of infection; all animals in the incriminated herd were serologically analysed and more than half of them were positive for CCHFV. We demonstrated that two routes of transmission played a role in this outbreak: contact with tissue and blood of infected livestock, and nosocomial transmission. Phylogenetic analyses helped to identify the origin of this transmission. This outbreak should be considered as a warning for the national CCHF surveillance system to avoid further outbreaks through robust prevention and control programmes.

scholarly journals Non-fatal case of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever imported into the United Kingdom (ex Bulgaria), June 2014

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lumley ◽  
B Atkinson ◽  
S D Dowall ◽  
J K Pitman ◽  
S Staplehurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) was diagnosed in a United Kingdom traveller who returned from Bulgaria in June 2014. The patient developed a moderately severe disease including fever, headaches and petechial rash. CCHF was diagnosed following identification of CCHF virus (CCHFV) RNA in a serum sample taken five days after symptom onset. Sequence analysis of the CCHFV genome showed that the virus clusters within the Europe 1 clade, which includes viruses from eastern Europe.

scholarly journals Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever presenting with acute compartment syndrome of the extremities (think beyond normal infections)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e232323
Author(s):  
Ishma Aijazi ◽  
Fadhil Mustafa Abdulla Al Shama ◽  
Yaseen Shandala ◽  
Rupa Murthy Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Acute Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The Right

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral zoonosis transmitted to humans and animals (which act as a reservoir) through the bite of a ‘Hyalomma’ tick. CCHF virus belongs to the genus Nairovirus. Humans are infected when they come in direct contact with the blood or secretions of infected livestock or other infected humans. This disease initially presents with non-specific febrile symptoms common to many viral illnesses and later progresses to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with haemorrhagic manifestations.We present the case of a middle-aged man with CCHF. He presented to the hospital with DIC and acute compartment syndrome in the right forearm, requiring urgent orthopaedic intervention. The diagnosis was delayed because there was no clear history of contact. The patient was started taking ribavirin on the fifth day of hospital admission. He recovered fully.

scholarly journals DETECTION AND GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RNA ISOLATES OF CRIMEAN-CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS FROM THE HYALOMMA MARGINATUM TICKS COLLECTED IN THE ASTRAKHAN REGION (2016)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 248-253
Author(s):  
Elena V. Vakalova ◽  
A. S Volynkina ◽  
E. S Kotenev ◽  
L. N Kulikova ◽  
N. V Viktorova
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Viral Resistance ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Hyalomma Marginatum ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

1,746 specimens of H. marginatum ticks collected in the Astrakhan region were examined by RT-PCR, their infection rate with CCHF virus amounted to 1.5%. This is comparable with results of earlier studies performed in different years in the Astrakhan and Rostov regions and testified to such indices of viral resistance as 0.1; 0.9; 2.4; 0.6; 0.9 and 2.3%. As a result of sequencing of fragments of the genome (fourteen of the 26 isolates of RNA, they refer to the genotype Europe-1. Seven out of 14 isolates belong to the subtype Va Stavropol-Rostov-Astrakhan, two represent the reassortant genetic variant S-Vc; M-Vb; L-Va.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with exposure to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in animal workers and cattle, and molecular detection in ticks, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0009384
Author(s):  
Veerle Msimang ◽  
Jacqueline Weyer ◽  
Chantel le Roux ◽  
Alan Kemp ◽  
Felicity J. Burt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
First Case ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Central South

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-borne viral zoonosis endemic to parts of Africa, Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia. Human cases are reported annually in South Africa, with a 25% case fatality rate since the first case was recognized in 1981. We investigated CCHF virus (CCHFV) seroprevalence and risk factors associated with infection in cattle and humans, and the presence of CCHFV in Hyalomma spp. ticks in central South Africa in 2017–18. CCHFV IgG seroprevalence was 74.2% (95%CI: 64.2–82.1%) in 700 cattle and 3.9% (95%CI: 2.6–5.8%) in 541 farm and wildlife workers. No veterinary personnel (117) or abattoir workers (382) were seropositive. The prevalence of CCHFV RNA was significantly higher in Hyalomma truncatum (1.6%) than in H. rufipes (0.2%) (P = 0.002). Seroprevalence in cattle increased with age and was greater in animals on which ticks were found. Seroprevalence in cattle also showed significant geographic variation. Seroprevalence in humans increased with age and was greater in workers who handled livestock for injection and collection of samples. Our findings support previous evidence of widespread high CCHFV seroprevalence in cattle and show significant occupational exposure amongst farm and wildlife workers. Our seroprevalence estimate suggests that CCHFV infections are five times more frequent than the 215 confirmed CCHF cases diagnosed in South Africa in the last four decades (1981–2019). With many cases undiagnosed, the potential seriousness of CCHF in people, and the lack of an effective vaccine or treatment, there is a need to improve public health awareness, prevention and disease control.

Initial high rate of misdiagnosis in Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever patients in an endemic region of Turkey

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. TASDELEN FISGIN ◽  
L. DOGANCI ◽  
E. TANYEL ◽  
N. TULEK
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Epidemic Area ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

SUMMARYCrimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has been an emerging tick-borne infection in some parts of Turkey since 2002, with a number of fatalities. Many of the initial non-specific symptoms of CCHF can mimic other common infections. Additionally, the seasonal pattern of the epidemic, and the waning attention of healthcare workers to the yearly index cases caused some delays in appropriate patient care and treatment. Between March 2004 and August 2008, 140 confirmed adult cases were evaluated retrospectively for initial diagnosis and treatment delays. This study clearly demonstrated that there are particular delays (4·8 days) in the referral system to initiate effective antiviral treatment in the tertiary-care centre which significantly affect fatality rates (P>0·05). A large number of patients (n=95, 68%) received an initial misdiagnosis of various infections other than CCHF. In conclusion, continuous medical education regarding CCHF in the epidemic area is essential in order to achieve a better survival rate from this deadly infection.

scholarly journals Viraemic transmission of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus to ticks

1991 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Shepherd ◽  
R. Swanepoel ◽  
S. P. Shepherd ◽  
P. A. Leman ◽  
O. Mathee
Keyword(s):  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Transovarial Transmission ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Hyalomma Truncatum ◽  
Virus Content ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Tick Vectors

SUMMARYIn order to determine the way in which vertebrates infected with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus and potential ixodid tick vectors interact in nature, immature and adult ticks of several species were fed on viraemic mammals and then assayed for virus content at varying times after feeding. CCHF virus was not isolated from ticks of six species tested after feeding as adults and immature forms on sheep with viraemia of 102·5−3·2LD 50/ml, nor from larval ticks fed on guinea-pigs and white-tailed rats with viraemia of 101·9−2·7LD 50/ml. In contrast, virus was isolated from 10 of 152 pools of engorged adult ticks of 5 species that fed on cattle with viraemia of 101·5−2·7LD 50/ml and from 3 of 137 female ticks after oviposition. Infection was transmitted to larval and nymphalHyalomma truncatumandH. marginatum rufipes, but not toRhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, from a scrub hare with viraemia of 104·250/ml but only nymphalH. truncatumandH. m. rufipesbecame infected from scrub hares with viraemia of 102·6−2·7LD 50/ml. Infection was transmitted trans-stadially inH. m. rufipesandH. truncatuminfected as nymphae, and adultH. m. rufipestransmitted infection to a sheep. No evidence of transovarial transmission was found in larval progeny of ticks exposed to CCHF virus as adults on sheep and cattle or as immatures on scrub hares.

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