Phrase-level parallelism effect on noun phrase number agreement

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Marta Pereira Scherre
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Processing ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Universal Principle ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Number Agreement ◽  
Puerto Rican Spanish ◽  
Level Parallelism

Linguistic parallelism (i.e., the tendency of similar forms to occur together within a stretch of discourse) has been shown to be very strong in many linguistic phenomena and in a vast number of languages. Examining the role of phrase-level parallelism on noun phrase number agreement, this article demonstrates that Puerto Rican Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese exhibit more similarities than differences with regard to this constraint. A detailed analysis of Brazilian Portuguese data is presented, and the results are compared with those found by Poplack (1980a) for Puerto Rican Spanish. Guy's (1981a) and Labov's (1994) hypothesis about missing zeroes in Brazilian Portuguese is also discussed. In conclusion, it is claimed that the phrase-level parallelism effect on noun phrase number agreement is embedded in a universal principle of linguistic use: parallel processing.

Two Types of Constructionalization Processes in Spanish and Portuguese Clefted wh-interrogatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-160
Author(s):  
Malte Rosemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Puerto Rican Spanish ◽  
Question Under Discussion ◽  
Discourse Functions ◽  
Madrid Spanish ◽  
Spanish Dialects

Abstract The present paper analyzes and compares the use of clefted wh-interrogatives in spoken Madrid Spanish, Puerto Rican Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese. In a first step, a typology of the discourse functions of clefted wh-interrogatives is established. This typology is partially governed by the strength of the presupposition of the proposition of the wh-interrogative. The results suggest the existence of two distinct constructionalization processes 1 March 2021. First, in the Spanish dialects, clefted wh-interrogatives with copula deletion are specialized in the expression of interactional challenges. Second, both Puerto Rican Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese evidence a change in the use of information-seeking clefted wh-interrogatives towards contexts in which the proposition of the interrogative is not activated. Consequently, in these dialects clefted wh-interrogatives can be used to establish questions not related to the current Question Under Discussion. However, this semantic change can be characterized as a constructionalization process only in Brazilian Portuguese.

scholarly journals Stage-Level and Individual-Level distinction in morphological variation

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Rivas ◽  
Esther L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Puerto Rican Spanish ◽  
Verbal Form ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Status ◽  
Quantitative Analyses

<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">This work examines the role of the stage-level (SL)/individual-level (IL) distinction applied to nouns in a case of morphosyntactic regularization in Spanish: variable reanalysis of the NP argument as subject in the presentational <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">haber </em>construction (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hab&iacute;a/hab&iacute;an perros</em>). We conduct variationist, quantitative analyses on all instances of existential <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">haber </em>with a plural NP in corpora of spoken Puerto Rican Spanish (&gt;500,000 words) to determine the linguistic factor groups that promote reanalysis and, hence, pluralized forms. Results of variable rule analyses reveal that the SL-IL distinction constrains the regularization. IL predicates significantly favor <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">haber </em>regularization (e.g., <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hab&iacute;an muchas personas de las Antillas</em> &lsquo;there were a lot of people from the Antillas&rsquo;) whereas SL predicates significantly disfavor pluralized forms (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">este a&ntilde;o hubo menos tiros que en a&ntilde;os pasados</em> &lsquo;this year there were fewer shots fired than previous years&rsquo;). These results are interpreted from within a usage-based framework in which the status of the noun introduced in the [<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">haber </em>+ NP] construction, as either a likely or unlikely subject for <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">haber</em>,<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </em>influences the analogical leveling. IL predicates are more prototypical nouns than SL predicates because the former are temporally persistent. IL predicates promote nouns&rsquo; candidacy as subjects over direct objects because prototypical subjects present two temporally-persistent characteristics: independence existence and referentiality. As a result, IL predicates increase the likelihood of reanalyzing the direct object as subject, thus triggering agreement of the verbal form with plural NPs. SL predicates, on the other hand, because they display low temporal stability, inhibit regularization.</span>

scholarly journals O mecanismo da variação da concordância no Português: observações quanto a marcas nos verbos e nos nomes (The mechanism of variation in agreement in Portuguese: observations concerning agreement marking on verbs and nouns)

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Norma Da Silva Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Number Agreement ◽  
Verb Agreement ◽  
Verbal Agreement

Este artigo discute a respeito de fenômenos distintos: a variação da concordância verbal e a de gênero e a de número no sintagma nominal do Português Brasileiro. A apresentação objetiva mostrar que há uma restrição linguística comum aos diferentes fenômenos, que atua fortemente na escolha das variantes.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Concordância verbal. Concordância de gênero e de número. Português. Morfemas. ABSTRACTThis paper discusses three different phenomena: variation in verb agreement, and in gender and number agreement in the noun phrase, in Brazilian Portuguese. It aims to show that there is a common linguistic restriction on these different phenomena, which strongly conditions the choice of variants.KEYWORDS: Verbal Agreement. Gender and numbe agrément. Portuguese. Morphemes.

A community-based test of a linguistic hypothesis

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Functional Compensation ◽  
Puerto Rican Spanish ◽  
Null Subject ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Compensation Hypothesis

ABSTRACTThe Functional Compensation Hypothesis (Hochberg 1986a, b) interprets frequent expression of pronominal subjects as compensation for frequent deletion of agreement marking on finite verbs in Puerto Rican Spanish (PRS). Specifically, this applies to 2sg.túwhere variably deleted word-final -smarks agreement. If the hypothesis is correct, finite verbs with agreement deleted in speech should co-occur more frequently with pronominal subjects than finite verbs with agreement intact. Likewise, social dialects which frequently delete agreement should show higher rates of pronominal expression than social dialects which less frequently delete agreement. These auxiliary hypotheses are tested across a socially stratified sample of 62 speakers from San Juan. Functional compensation does show stylistic and social patterning in the category of Specifictú, not in that of Non-specifictú. However, Non-specifictúis the key to frequency differences between -s-deleting PRS and -s-conserving Madrid; hence the Functional Compensation Hypothesis should be discarded. (Functionalism, compensation, null subject, analogy, Spanish, Puerto Rico)

Flow Measurements in a Nozzle Guide Vane Passage With a Low Aspect Ratio and Endwall Contouring

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Burd ◽  
Terrence W. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Nozzle Guide Vane ◽  
Endwall Contouring ◽  
Nozzle Guide

The vast number of turbine cascade studies in the literature has been performed in straight-endwall, high-aspect-ratio, linear cascades. As a result, there has been little appreciation for the role of, and added complexity imposed by, reduced aspect ratios. There also has been little documentation of endwall profiling at these reduced spans. To examine the role of these factors on cascade hydrodynamics, a large-scale nozzle guide vane simulator was constructed at the Heat Transfer Laboratory of the University of Minnesota. This cascade is comprised of three airfoils between one contoured and one flat endwall. The geometries of the airfoils and endwalls, as well as the experimental conditions in the simulator, are representative of those in commercial operation. Measurements with hot-wire anemometry were taken to characterize the flow approaching the cascade. These measurements show that the flow field in this cascade is highly elliptic and influenced by pressure gradients that are established within the cascade. Exit flow field measurements with triple-sensor anemometry and pressure measurements within the cascade indicate that the acceleration imposed by endwall contouring and airfoil turning is able to suppress the size and strength of key secondary flow features. In addition, the flow field near the contoured endwall differs significantly from that adjacent to the straight endwall.

scholarly journals The Role of Caregivers' Depressive Symptoms and Asthma Beliefs on Asthma Outcomes Among Low-income Puerto Rican Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen G. Martínez ◽  
Edna Acosta Pérez ◽  
Rafael Ramírez ◽  
Glorisa Canino ◽  
Cynthia Rand
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Asthma Outcomes

Role of Inversion in Children's Question Development

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Klee
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Hearing Disorders ◽  
Question Types ◽  
Subject Noun ◽  
Utterance Length ◽  
Auxiliary Verb ◽  
Question Development

Current developmental descriptions of children's Wh-question production are contradictory. One account posits a stage in which the auxiliary verb and subject noun phrase are uninverted, whereas another view offers no empirical support for such a stage. The purpose of the present investigation was to test these divergent developmental descriptions by analyzing children's spontaneously produced questions. Six children at each of three linguistic stages, defined by mean utterance length in morphemes and ranging from 2.50 to 3.99, were selected for study. The children were between 25 and 47 months of age and evidenced no speech, language, or hearing disorders. Although the results replicated the proposed semantic ordering of question types, a stage characterized by uninverted forms was not supported.

The Prosodization of Weak Function Words in Kurdish Language (Leilakhi Dialect)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Sadegh Mohammadi Bolban Abad ◽  
Batool Alinezhad ◽  
Vali Rezai
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Prosodic Structure ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
Stress Assignment ◽  
Prosodic Phonology

<p>This paper investigates the prosodic structure of simple prepositions and dependent personal pronouns as weak function words in Leilakhi Dialect with the theoretical framework of Prosodic Phonology or Phonology of Domains. Weak function words (fnc) of this dialect are proclitics or enclitics that form Clitic Group (CG) with their host. One such feature of these elements is their combinatorial restriction with their host, <em>i.e. </em>simple prepositions as prosodic proclitics must precede a noun phrase or independent personal pronoun and absolute prepositions as phonological words join the dependent personal pronouns in the role of enclitics which give form to the clitic group. The phonetic process and phonological process used in this research are aspiration and stress assignment pattern respectively. </p>

scholarly journals Raising of argumental noun phrase in Brazilian Portuguese under the functional perspective: preliminary results

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3729-3741
Author(s):  
Gustavo Silva Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Functional Perspective

Alçamento é definido na literatura como a codificação de sintagma nominal (SN) argumento do predicado encaixado aos limites do predicado da oração matriz, com o qual contrai relações morfossintáticas; são preservadas, assim, as relações semânticas do SN alçado com o predicado encaixado, mas há uma quebra na sua relação morfossintática (NOONAN, 2007). A partir de diferentes tipos de alçamento expressos em diferentes línguas (NOONAN, 2007; GÁRCIA VELASCO, 2013), este trabalho tem como objetivo extrair propriedades relevantes para a descrição de um tipo específico de Alçamento no Português Brasileiro (PB): Alçamento de Sujeito a Sujeito (ASS).

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