There's three variants: Agreement variation in existential there constructions

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Krejci ◽  
Katherine Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Longitudinal Trajectories ◽  
Full Form

AbstractPrevious studies of agreement variation in existential there constructions treat the variable as binary, distinguishing between agreeing and nonagreeing variants. Using new data from a corpus of English spoken in California, we argue that this widely studied variable cannot be fully understood without instead making a three-way distinction between agreement (there are/were + plural), nonagreement using a full form of the verb (there is/was + plural), and nonagreement using there's. We motivate this three-way distinction by showing that the two nonagreeing variants differ in their distributions with respect to polarity and determiner type, as well as speaker age and education level. Full form nonagreement is more frequent among speakers with less formal education, while there's is favored by younger speakers. These results suggest that the two nonagreeing variants differ in their longitudinal trajectories, a finding that would be obscured in an analysis that makes only a binary distinction between variants.

scholarly journals Influence of Education Level of Older Patients on Polypharmacy, Potentially Inappropriate Medications Listed in Beer’s Criteria, and Unplanned Hospitalization: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lahore, Pakistan

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarwar ◽  
Sadia Iftikhar ◽  
Muhammad Sarfraz
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inappropriate Medications

Objective: To evaluate influence of education level of older patients on polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) listed in Beer’s Criteria, and unplanned hospitalization. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among older people aged ≥65 years between 1 December 2017 and 28 February 2018. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were employed. Results: Among 385 older patients, 88.8% were prescribed PIMs and 56.4% underwent PIMs associated unplanned hospitalization. Older people were less exposed to polypharmacy or excessive polypharmacy as their education levels increased (no formal education vs. primary vs. secondary vs. tertiary, 74% vs. 69.8% vs. 60.5% vs. 58.1%). Patients having higher education were also accompanied by significantly lower prescription of PIMs (no formal education vs. primary vs. secondary vs. tertiary, 96% vs. 87.3% vs. 84.5% vs. 79.1%) as well as unplanned hospitalization (no formal education vs. primary vs. secondary vs. tertiary, 64.7% vs. 76.2% vs. 40.3% vs. 46.5%). Results of regression analysis revealed that no formal education (OR = 1.202, 95% CI = 1.032–2.146, p-value = 0.003) and primary education level (OR = 1.175, 95% CI = 1.014–1.538, p-value = 0.039) were significantly associated with the use of polypharmacy among older people. On the other hand, no formal education was significantly associated with the prescription of PIMs (OR = 1.898, 95% CI = 1.151–2.786, p-value = 0.007). Furthermore, older people with no formal education (OR = 1.402, 95% CI = 1.123–1.994, p-value = 0.010) and primary education level (OR = 1.775, 95% CI = 1.281–3.018, p-value = <0.001) were significantly more likely to undergo unplanned hospitalization. Conclusions: Patients having low literacy level are more likely to receive PIMs, polypharmacy, and undergo unplanned hospitalization in comparison to highly educated patients. Hence, promotion of health literacy for patients is crucial to overcome these problems.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PINJAMAN MODAL PETANI IKAN MAS KE PT.BPR DIAN SINARTA DAN PERBANDINGAN PENDAPATAN ANTARA PEMINJAM DAN NON PEMINJAM MODAL

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
. Romyanti ◽  
. Sriyoto ◽  
. Reflis
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Family Responsibility ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Key Word ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Formal And Informal Sectors

A condition which is often find where farmers incapable to providing the capital because weakening of farmer fund which also result in weaken   source of farmer's own capital. The effect of this condition, farmers seldom have to use capital from outside both formal and informal sectors.   TIhis        research was objectived  to analyzing  factors influencing  the amount of goldfish farmer capital loan to PT.BPR DB in Desa  Tanjung Harapan Kecamatan  Padang Jaya Kabupaten  North Bengkulu  and compare the level earnings  of  goldfish  farmer  among of non capital lender and capital lender farmers to PT.BPR DB.  The result  showed that amount  dependent  of family responsibility,  goldfish  farming income and farmer  operating  cost  last season  have influenced  on level of the amount  of  goldfish  farmer capital loan, while as such as wide of fishpond, formal education level and farmers age do not have influence on. So, the difference of earnings  obtained  the average earnings compared to between bigger capital lender  to non capital lender. Key word : Lending capital, lenderm, non-lender 

scholarly journals Education Level of The Board of Directors and Financial Performance of Go Public Banks at The Indonesia Stock Exchange

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Muhammad Madyan ◽  
Rayindha Galuh Setyowati ◽  
Wulan Rahmadani Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Positive Effect

Having experience, knowledge, and expertise in banking is important for the board of directors to properly manage its activities, which is indicated by their financial performance. This study investigates the effect of the formal education level of the board of directors on financial performance in terms of profitability. The sample used in this study was 31 banking companies, especially conventional commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2009-2018, with 244 observations. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) approach. In this study, the dependent variables used are Return On Assets (ROA) and Net Interest Margin (NIM). The independent variables used are the level of education of the board of directors divided into Master and Ph.D. This study indicates that the board of directors with the highest educational level of Masters and Ph.D has a significant positive effect on ROA. Meanwhile, the board of directors with the and education level of Masters has a significant negative effect, and the board of directors with the highest education level of Ph.D has a significant positive effect on NIM.

scholarly journals STATE DEFENSE EDUCATION AS A COURSE IN UNIVERSITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Indrawan ◽  
M. Prakoso Aji
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Military Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Culture ◽  
State Security ◽  
State Defense

<p>Indonesia currently faces multidimensional threats, from small to large, concerning all aspects of the country's life, from ideology, politics, economics, social, culture, defense, and security. The nature of contemporary threat has a human security aspect rather than only state security. As such, a thorough effort is needed to deal with those Threats, Disruption, Obstacle, Challenge (TDOC). State defense can be the answer to such problems because state defense itself can be interpreted as an obligation and responsibility of citizens to maintain the existence and sovereignty of the state. State defense will be optimal if disseminated through formal education. In this case, the formal education in question is at the level of higher education. This paper proposes that state defense can be held at higher education level in the form of university compulsory course, and is organized under the name State Defense Education. This State Defense Education is not military education or conscription, but an education that is adjusted to the condition and nuance of higher education.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Threat, Human Security, State Defense, and State Defense Education</p>

scholarly journals Penerapan Metode Simple Additive Weighting Sebagai Strategi Pembinaan Kecerdasan Anak

JURTEKSI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ardiansyah Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Weighted Sum ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Simple Additive Weighting ◽  
Method Analysis

Abstract: Kindergarten is an early childhood education that has an important role in developing the child's personality and preparing them to enter the next education level. Kindergarten is the first formal education to enter children aged 4-6 years, until entering primary education. Children at 4-6 years of age usually have problems with non normative behaviors, behavior can be seen from the level of development or have difficulty in adjusting either at study time (concentration) or in play activities at school or at home. To find out whether the child is having problems or not, the educator needs to understand and assess the child's development in all aspects. Decision support system is a system that can be used as a tool to determine the level of intelligence of children by providing an assessment of the child. The method used by the author is the method of Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) or better known as the weighted sum. Output in this method is the values that can provide benefits for researchers in knowing the child's intelligence to be held special coaching for children who have problems in its development. Quick and precise decisions become an important issue in a study. Data analysis is done by comparing between children. The result of SAW method analysis is a conclusion that helps teachers / educators to know the intelligence of their students. Keywords: decision support system, SAW, kindergarten intelligence. Abstrak: Taman kanak-kanak merupakan jenjang pendidikan anak usia dini yang memiliki peran penting dalam mengembangkan kepribadian anak serta mempersiapkan mereka untuk memasuki jenjang pendidikan selanjutnya. TK adalah jenjang pendidikan formal pertama yang memasuki anak usia 4-6 tahun, sampai memasuki pendidikan dasar. Anak pada usia 4-6 tahun biasanya memiliki masalah pada prilaku non normatif, prilaku dapat dilihat dari tingkat perkembangannya atau mengalami kesulitan dalam menyesuaikan diri baik pada waktu belajar (konsentrasi) maupun dalam aktivitas bermain disekolah atau dirumah. Untuk mengetahui apakah anak bermasalah atau tidak, pendidik perlu memahami dan memberikan penilaian terhadap perkembangan anak dalam segala aspek. Sistem pendukung keputusan merupakan sistem yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu untuk mengetahui tingkat kecerdasan anak dengan memberikan penilaian terhadap anak tersebut. Metode yang digunakan penulis adalah metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) atau yang lebih dikenal dengan penjumlahan berbobot. Output dalam metode ini merupakan nilai-nilai yang dapat memberikan keuntungan bagi peneliti dalam mengetahui kecerdasan anak guna diadakan pembinaan khusus untuk anak-anak tk yang memiliki masalah dalam perkembangannya. Keputusan yang cepat dan tepat menjadi persoalan penting dalam sebuah penelitian. Analisa data dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan antara anak. Hasil dari analisa metode SAW ini menjadi kesimpulan yang membantu guru/pendidik untuk mengetahui tingat kecerdasan anak didiknya. Kata kunci: sistem pendukung keputusan, SAW, kecerdasan anak TK

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PROGRAM LAMPUNG MANGROVE CENTER (LMC) DI DESA MARGASARI KECAMATAN LABUHAN MARINGGAI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Selvi Amelia ◽  
Indah Nurmayasari ◽  
Begem Viantimala
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Participation Program ◽  
The Village

This research aims to analyze the level of community participation and factors related to the participation of the community in Lampung Mangrove Center (LMC) program in Margasari Village, Labuhan Maringgai, East Lampung Regency. The location was purposively chosen with the consideration that the activity of the center was in Margasari consisting of 12 hamlets. The research was conducted in June – August 2017. The results showed that the level of participation of most community members is included in a medium classification. Formal education level and cosmopolite characteristics relate significantly to their participation, while their age, the length of staying in the village, and their knowledge on the program do not relate to their participation.Key words: community, participation, program LMC

Detection of Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly with a Low Educational Level Using a Reaction-Time Attention Task

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 1197-1205
Author(s):  
Guilherme J. Schmidt ◽  
Yolanda Eliza Moreira Boechat ◽  
Eelco van Duinkerken ◽  
Juliana J. Schmidt ◽  
Tayssa B. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Commission Error ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Coefficient Of Variability ◽  
Early Alzheimer’S Disease

Background: Scales for cognitive deterioration usually depend on education level. Objective: We aimed to study the clinical utility of a culture-free Go/No-Go task in a multi-ethnic cohort with low education level. Methods: Sixty-four participants with less than 4 years of formal education were included and divided on the basis of their Clinical-Dementia-Rate scores (CDR) into cognitively unimpaired (CDR = 0), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; CDR = 0.5), and early Alzheimer’s disease (AD, CDR = 1). All underwent a 90-s Continuous Visual Attention Test. This test consisted of a 90-s Go/No-go task with 72 (80%) targets and 18 (20%) non-targets. For each participant, reaction times and intraindividual variability of reaction times of all correct target responses, as well as the number of omission and commission errors were evaluated. Coefficient of variability was calculated for each participant by dividing the standard deviation of the reaction times by the mean reaction time. A MANCOVA was performed to examine between-group differences using age and sex as covariates. Discriminate analysis was performed to find the most reliable test-variable to discriminate the three groups. Results: Commission error, intraindividual variability of reaction time, and coefficient of variability progressively worsened with increasing CDR level. Discriminant analysis demonstrated that coefficient of variability was the best discriminant factor, followed by intraindividual variability of reaction time and commission error. Conclusion: The Go/No-Go task was able to discriminate people with MCI or early AD from controls in the setting of illiteracy.

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