scholarly journals A systematic review of waist-to-height ratio as a screening tool for the prediction of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: 0·5 could be a suitable global boundary value

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy M. Browning ◽  
Shiun Dong Hsieh ◽  
Margaret Ashwell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Boundary Value ◽  
Central American ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Message ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

This systematic review collated seventy-eight studies exploring waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist circumference (WC) or BMI as predictors of diabetes and CVD, published in English between 1950 and 2008. Twenty-two prospective analyses showed that WHtR and WC were significant predictors of these cardiometabolic outcomes more often than BMI, with similar OR, sometimes being significant predictors after adjustment for BMI. Observations from cross-sectional analyses, forty-four in adults, thirteen in children, supported these predictions. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed mean area under ROC (AUROC) values of 0·704, 0·693 and 0·671 for WHtR, WC and BMI, respectively. Mean boundary values for WHtR, covering all cardiometabolic outcomes, from studies in fourteen different countries and including Caucasian, Asian and Central American subjects, were 0·50 for men and 0·50 for women. WHtR and WC are therefore similar predictors of diabetes and CVD, both being stronger than, and independent of, BMI. To make firmer statistical comparison, a meta-analysis is required. The AUROC analyses indicate that WHtR may be a more useful global clinical screening tool than WC, with a weighted mean boundary value of 0·5, supporting the simple public health message ‘keep your waist circumference to less than half your height’.

scholarly journals Augmented BMI and waist to height ratio as screening tools for overweight and obesity among school going children aged 5 to 15 years

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Ushakiran C. B. ◽  
Sowmya Jagadeeshwara ◽  
Bharathi Lingaraju
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Background: Worldwide raising trend in obesity among children is causing serious public health concerns and in developing countries it is threatening the viability of basic health care delivery. The objective of this study was to screen for overweight and obesity among school going children using the established methods as well as the newer screening tools and to compare the efficacy of the various screening toolsMethods: Prospective cross sectional study was conducted various government and non-government schools within city limits. And participants involves 1000 children in the age group of 5 to 15 years who met the predefined criteria were selected by purposive sampling.Results: Using BMI as a screening tool, 6.3% were identified as overweight and 5.8% as obese. Using Waist circumference alone, 5.2% were identified as overweight and 4.5% as obese. 13.8% and 5% were identified as overweight and obese respectively by waist circumference to height ratio. Using augmented BMI, 14.7% were identified as overweight and 4.3% as obese.Conclusions: Using WHTR and Augmented BMI, larger percentage of children were identified as overweight while the percentage of children identified as obese remained similar to using BMI or Waist circumference alone. 

scholarly journals BMI, waist to height ratio and waist circumference as a screening tool for hypertension in hospital out patients: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Shrestha ◽  
Bijay Khatri ◽  
Madan P. Upadhyay ◽  
Janak R. Bhattarai ◽  
Manish Kayastha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Abstract BackgroundObesity has become a global epidemic and an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Earlier thought to be a problem of developed world, it has now become a problem of low- and middle-income countries like Nepal. In absence of a routine surveillance or a registry system, the actual burden and trend of obesity in Nepal is unknown. Obesity and overweight are recognized risk factors for hypertension and associated with cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study was to find out burden of obesity, using three commonly employed metrics in hospital outpatient setting of a low-income country as predictors of hypertension, and compare ability of different anthropometric measurements through a non-inferiority study to predict hypertension.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 40-69 years outpatients in a tertiary Eye and ENT hospital in a semi-urban area of Nepal among randomly selected 2,256 participants from 6,769 outpatients who were evaluated in Health Promotion and risk factor screening service. We did correlation analysis to determine the relationship between anthropometric measurement and blood pressure. The area under the Receiver Operating characteristic curve of Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR) and Waist Circumference (WC) was calculated and compared. ResultsThe prevalence of obesity and overweight by BMI was 16.09% and 42.20% respectively; by Waist-to-Height-Ratio was 32.76% which is two times higher than obesity measured by BMI. High waist circumference was observed among 66.76% participants. Female participants had greater prevalence of high WC (77.46%) than male (53.73%) (p<0.001). Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was 40.67% and 36.77% respectively. The areas under the curve were significantly higher than 0.5 for BMI (0.593), WHtR (0.602) and WC (0.610).ConclusionWaist circumference correlated well with obesity and hypertension. It also had higher predicting ability than WHtR and BMI to predict hypertension. Waist circumference thus proved to be non-inferior to two other commonly used metrics. It proved superior in detecting obesity in female. This simple and inexpensive tape measurement may play an important role in future diagnosis of obesity and prediction of HTN in resource constrained settings of developing countries.

scholarly journals KEJADIAN RESISTENSI INSULIN PADA ANAK OBESITAS USIA 9-12 TAHUN DI KOTA SEMARANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Hana Asnelviana ◽  
Muhammad Sulchan ◽  
Binar Panunggal
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Introduction: Obesity is caused by imbalance amount of energy intake and energy requirement of the body. Obesity in children has high risk to become obesity in adult and results in degenerative diseases. In obese children have higher of getting insulin  resistance. This study was aimed to determine insulin resistance in obesity children aged 9-12 years in Semarang.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with two groups: height below the median-obesity circumference (TBBM-obesity) and height above the median-obesity (TBAM-obesity). Screening was done in 602 children aged 9-12 years in urban and suburban areas of Semarang. Nutritional status was determined with measurements of z-scores of height-for-age (HAZ) and waist circumference. To define insulin resistance were measured using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Data were then analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and Spearman test.Results: There was found 75% subjects with high HOMA-IR value. HOMA-IR value in TBAM-obesity was 42.5% higher than TBBM-obesity was 32.5% (p= 0,088). Waist circumference and Waist to Height Ratio(WHtR) has a correlation on the increased HOMA-IR value (r= 0.662 p=0.000 and  r= 0.333 p=0.036) and height does not has a correlation on the increased HOMA-IR value (r=0.235; p= 0.144). Conclusion: Insulin resistance from all subject were found 75%. Waist circumference and Waist to Height Ratio(WHtR) has a correlation on the increased HOMA-IR value and height does not has a correlation on the increased HOMA-IR value.

scholarly journals BMI, waist to height ratio and waist circumference as a screening tool for hypertension in hospital out patients: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Shrestha ◽  
Bijay Khatri ◽  
Madan P. Upadhyay ◽  
Janak R. Bhattarai ◽  
Manish Kayastha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Waist Circumference ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Abstract Background: Obesity has become a global epidemic with a rise in noncommunicable diseases. It is now becoming the problem of low- and middle-income countries such as Nepal. Conventional risk factors are present in a high proportion in the Nepalese population. As a routine surveillance or registry system is absent, the actual burden and trend of obesity and hypertension in Nepal are unknown. Hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by detecting risk factors such as obesity and high blood pressure. A simple anthropometric measurement could be used to determine the risk of hypertension. However, the best predictor of hypertension remains contentious and controversial. We aimed to determine the burden of obesity and hypertension and test the ability to determine hypertension through different anthropometric measurements in hospital outpatients in a low-income setting.Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from June to December 2019 among 40-69 year outpatients in a tertiary eye and ENT hospital in a semi-urban area of Nepal among a randomly selected sample of 2,256 participants from 6,769 outpatients visited in Health Promotion and risked factor screening service. We performed a correlation analysis to determine the relationship between anthropometric measurements and blood pressure. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of body mass index (BMI), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and waist circumference (WC) was calculated and compared.Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 51.75 (8.47) years. The overall prevalence of obesity and overweight by BMI was 16.09% and 42.20%, respectively. The overall prevalence of abdominal obesity by waist-to-height ratio was 32.76%, which is higher than obesity by BMI. High waist circumference was observed among 66.76% participants, whereas female participants had a very higher prevalence of high waist circumference (77.46%) and male participants (53.73%) (p<0.001). The prevalence of hypertension among the participants with BMI≥25 kg/m2, WHtR≥0.5 and WC≥ cutoff values was 45.97%, 42.52% and 45.28%, respectively. The overall prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was 40.67% and 36.77%, respectively. Male participants had a slightly higher prevalence of hypertension (42.72%) than female participants (39.00%). The areas under the curve (AUCs) were significantly higher than 0.5 for BMI (0.570, 95% CI: 0.548-0.592), WC (0.585, 95% CI: 0.563-0.607) and WHtR (0.586, 95% CI: 0.564-0.608). In both genders, the area under the curve was significantly higher than 0.5 (P<0.01). In all age groups, the area under the curve was also significantly higher than 0.5.Conclusion: Waist circumference was both correlated as well as had higher predictive capacity amongst WHtR and BMI and may play a major role in the future diagnosis of HTN in Nepali adults. Regardless of the anthropometric metrics used to measure overweight and obesity, the hospital setting is an opportunity centre to screen for overweight, obesity and hypertension, which are major risk factors for NCDs.

scholarly journals Percentile Curves for Body-Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Waist-To-Height Ratio and Waist-To-Height Ratio(Exp) in Croatian Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Zvonar ◽  
Lovro Štefan ◽  
Mario Kasović
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
School Students ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentile Curves ◽  
Percentile Curve ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Purpose: The main purpose of the present study was to establish percentile curves for body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and WHtR(exp) in adolescents. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 1036 secondary-school students aged 15 to 18 years from eight randomly selected schools (55.3% girls). BMI, WC, WHtR and WHtR(exp) were calculated using standardized measuring protocol. The sex- and age-specific smoothed percentile curves with 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentile for each anthropometric measure were constructed using Cole’s LMS method. Results: In boys, both BMI and WC percentile curves increased by age, yet the 95th percentile curve for WHtR and WHtR(exp) decreased by age. In girls, the 95th percentile curve for BMI remained unchanged through the age of 15 to 18 years, yet the 90th and 95th percentile curves for WC and WHtR decreased by age. Conclusion: This is the first study in Croatia to establish combined BMI, WC, WHtR and WHtR(exp) percentile curves and add some new insight on anthropometric measures in 15- to 18-year-old adolescents.

scholarly journals Are 24 h urinary sodium excretion and sodium:potassium independently associated with obesity in Chinese adults?

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Ge ◽  
Jiyu Zhang ◽  
Xiaorong Chen ◽  
Liuxia Yan ◽  
Xiaolei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of 24 h urinary Na excretion and Na:K with obesity in Chinese adults.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study using a four-stage stratified sampling strategy.SettingShandong Province, China.SubjectsChinese adults (n 1906) aged 18–69 years who provided complete 24 h urine samples.ResultsOdds of obesity increased significantly across increasing quartiles of urinary Na excretion (1·00, 1·54, 1·69 and 2·52, respectively, for overweight; 1·00, 1·20, 1·50, and 2·03, respectively, for obesity; 1·00, 1·44, 1·85 and 2·53, respectively, for abdominal obesity (assessed by waist circumference); and 1·00, 1·28, 1·44 and 1·75, respectively, for abdominal obesity (assessed by waist-to-height ratio); P for linear trend <0·001 for all). In addition, odds of abdominal obesity, but not odds of overweight and obesity, increased significantly with successive Na:K quartiles. Additionally, for each increment in urinary Na excretion of 100 mmol, odds of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity (by waist circumference) and abdominal obesity (by waist-to-height ratio) increased significantly by 46 %, 39 %, 55 % and 33 %, respectively. Similarly, with a 1 sd increase in Na:K, odds of abdominal obesity (by waist circumference) and abdominal obesity (by waist-to-height ratio) increased significantly by 12 % and 15 %, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that 24 h urinary Na excretion and Na:K might be important risk factors for obesity in Chinese adults.

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