scholarly journals BMI, waist to height ratio and waist circumference as a screening tool for hypertension in hospital out patients: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Shrestha ◽  
Bijay Khatri ◽  
Madan P. Upadhyay ◽  
Janak R. Bhattarai ◽  
Manish Kayastha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Abstract BackgroundObesity has become a global epidemic and an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Earlier thought to be a problem of developed world, it has now become a problem of low- and middle-income countries like Nepal. In absence of a routine surveillance or a registry system, the actual burden and trend of obesity in Nepal is unknown. Obesity and overweight are recognized risk factors for hypertension and associated with cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study was to find out burden of obesity, using three commonly employed metrics in hospital outpatient setting of a low-income country as predictors of hypertension, and compare ability of different anthropometric measurements through a non-inferiority study to predict hypertension.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 40-69 years outpatients in a tertiary Eye and ENT hospital in a semi-urban area of Nepal among randomly selected 2,256 participants from 6,769 outpatients who were evaluated in Health Promotion and risk factor screening service. We did correlation analysis to determine the relationship between anthropometric measurement and blood pressure. The area under the Receiver Operating characteristic curve of Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR) and Waist Circumference (WC) was calculated and compared. ResultsThe prevalence of obesity and overweight by BMI was 16.09% and 42.20% respectively; by Waist-to-Height-Ratio was 32.76% which is two times higher than obesity measured by BMI. High waist circumference was observed among 66.76% participants. Female participants had greater prevalence of high WC (77.46%) than male (53.73%) (p<0.001). Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was 40.67% and 36.77% respectively. The areas under the curve were significantly higher than 0.5 for BMI (0.593), WHtR (0.602) and WC (0.610).ConclusionWaist circumference correlated well with obesity and hypertension. It also had higher predicting ability than WHtR and BMI to predict hypertension. Waist circumference thus proved to be non-inferior to two other commonly used metrics. It proved superior in detecting obesity in female. This simple and inexpensive tape measurement may play an important role in future diagnosis of obesity and prediction of HTN in resource constrained settings of developing countries.

scholarly journals BMI, Waist to Height Ratio and Waist Circumference as a screening tool for Hypertension in Hospital out Patients: A Cross-Sectional, Non-inferiority study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Shrestha ◽  
Sanjib K. Upadhyay ◽  
Bijay Khatri ◽  
Janak R. Bhattarai ◽  
Manish Kayastha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Abstract BackgroundObesity has become a global epidemic and an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Earlier thought to be a problem in the developed world, it has become a problem in low-and middle-income countries, including Nepal. In the absence of routine surveillance or a registry system, the actual burden and trend of obesity in Nepal is unknown. Obesity and overweight are recognized as risk factors for hypertension and associated with cardiovascular diseases. The study aimed to find out the burden of obesity, using three commonly employed metrics in the hospital outpatient setting of a developing country as predictors of hypertension, and compare the ability of different anthropometric measurements through a non-inferiority study to predict hypertension.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 40-69 years outpatients in a tertiary Eye, and ENT hospital in a semi-urban area of Nepal among randomly selected 2,256 participants from 6,769 outpatients evaluated in Health Promotion and Risk Factor Screening Service. We did a correlation analysis to determine the relationship between anthropometric measurement and blood pressure. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve of Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR), and Waist Circumference (WC) was calculated and compared.ResultsThe prevalence of obesity and overweight by BMI was 16.09% and 42.20%, respectively; by WHtR was 32.76%, which is two times higher than obesity measured by BMI. High WC was observed among 66.76% of participants. Female participants had a greater prevalence of high WC (77.46%) than males (53.73%) (p<0.001). Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was 40.67% and 36.77%, respectively. The areas under the curve were significantly higher than 0.5 for BMI (0.593), WHtR (0.602), and WC (0.610).ConclusionWC correlated well with obesity and hypertension. It also had a higher predicting ability than WHtR and BMI to predict hypertension. WC thus proved to be non-inferior to two other commonly used metrics. It proved superior in detecting obesity in female. This inexpensive and simple non-tension tape measurement may play an important role in future diagnosis of obesity and prediction of HTN in resource-constrained settings of developing countries.

scholarly journals BMI, waist to height ratio and waist circumference as a screening tool for hypertension in hospital outpatients: a cross-sectional, non-inferiority study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e050096
Author(s):  
Rajan Shrestha ◽  
Sanjib Kumar Upadhyay ◽  
Bijay Khatri ◽  
Janak Raj Bhattarai ◽  
Manish Kayastha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

ObjectiveThis non-inferiority study aimed to determine the burden of obesity in a hospital outpatient setting of a developing country, using three commonly employed metrics as predictors of hypertension (HTN).DesignA cross-sectional study design was adopted.SettingThis study was conducted in Health Promotion and Risk Factor Screening Services of a tertiary hospital for eye and ear, nose, throat in a semiurban area of Nepal.Participants2256 randomly selected outpatients between 40 and 69 years old.Outcome measuresThe three obesity metrics and HTN were analysed for association using correlation, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and ORs.ResultsThe prevalence of obesity or overweight by body mass index (BMI) was 58.29%; by waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was 85.95%, high waist circumference (WC) was observed among 66.76% of participants. Female participants had a greater prevalence of high WC (77.46%) than males (53.73%) (p<0.001). Prevalence of HTN and pre-HTN were 40.67% and 36.77%, respectively. The areas under the ROC curve were significantly higher than 0.5 for BMI (0.593), WHtR (0.602) and WC (0.610).ConclusionThis study showed that WHtR and WC measured were not inferior to BMI as a metric for obesity detection and HTN prediction. Because of its low cost, simplicity of measurement and better ability to predict HTN, it may become a more usable metric in health facilities of low-income and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Using Anthropometric Indicator to Identify Hypertension in Adolescents: A Study in Sarawak, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whye Lian Cheah ◽  
Ching Thon Chang ◽  
Helmy Hazmi ◽  
Grace Woei Feng Kho
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Power ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anthropometric Indicators ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the predictive power of anthropometric indicators and recommend cutoff points to discriminate hypertension among adolescents in Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 2461 respondents aged 12-17 years participated in this study with mean age of 14.5±1.50 years. All anthropometric indicators had significant area under the ROC curve, with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) ranging from 0.7 to 0.8. The best anthropometric indicators for predicting hypertension for boys were WC, BMI, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). For girls, BMI was the best indicators followed by WHtR and WC. The recommended BMI cutoff point for boys was 20 kg/m2 and 20.7 kg/m2 for girls. For WC, the recommended cutoff point was 67.1 cm for boys and 68.2 cm for girls. BMI and WC indicators were recommended to be used at the school setting where the measurement can easily be conducted.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Association between Sleep Duration and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rei Matsuo ◽  
Shigemasa Tani ◽  
Naoya Matsumoto ◽  
Yasuo Okumura
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Inappropriate sleep duration (shorter/longer than optimal sleep duration) has come to be identified as a potential cardiometabolic risk factor, and thereby, as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Few data exist regarding the gender differences in the relationship between sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a study population of 9262 apparently healthy (5004 male, 4258 female) subjects at the Health Planning Center of Nihon University Hospital between September, 2015, and October 2016.Results: In the male subjects, as compared to a sleep duration of 6 to 7 hours, a sleep duration of ³8 hours was associated with an odds ratio (OR) for abdominal obesity (defined according to the Japanese criteria for metabolic syndrome as a waist circumference of ³85 cm) of 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.004-1.71) and for a non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of ³150 mg/dL (defined as “Borderline hyper” by the Japan Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines for Prevention of ASCVD 2017) of 1.33 (1.05-1.68), and a sleep duration of <5 hours was associated with an OR (95% CI) for a fasting blood glucose of ³100 mg/dL (defined as “high” by a specialized lifestyle checkup program for the detection of symptoms of metabolic syndrome in Japan) of 1.74 (1.25-2.42). On the other hand, in the female subjects, as compared to a sleep duration of 6 to 7 hours, a sleep duration of <5 hours was associated with an OR (95% CI) for abdominal obesity (waist circumference ³90 cm) of 1.98 (1.11-3.55) and for a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of ³5.6 % of 1.52 (1.10-2.10), whereas a sleep duration of ³8 hours was not associated with worsening of any of the examined cardiometabolic risk factors. Conclusions: There may be gender differences in the relationship between sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk. To further reduce the risk of ASCVD, it may be of particular importance to emphasize adequate sleep duration.Clinical Trial Registration: UMIN (http://www.umin.ac.jp/) Study ID:　 UMIN000037643 retrospectively registered on 9 August 2019

scholarly journals Visceral Fat is Better Related To Liver Function and Lipid Metabolism Than Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiteng Zhou ◽  
Guiju Sun ◽  
Youwen Pan ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolism Disorder

Abstract Objective: The role of visceral fat area (VFA) in the metabolism of lipid and liver function was not known. To compare and evaluate the correlation of VFA, waist circumference (WC) and Body mass index (BMI) measured by Bioelectrical impedance (BIA) in terms of lipid metabolism and liver function. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve), optimum cut-off points and odds ratio (OR) for liver function and lipid metabolism variables were recommended.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the subjects with the diagnose of obesity, including normal, overweight and obesity groups Direct Segmental Multi-Frequency Biolectrical Impedance technology was used to analysze body composition and biochemical indicators were tested. Participants were divided into normal and unnormal groups by lipid and liver indicators, cut off value of VFA and related variables was calculated by ROC analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results: Ninety-five participants were enrolled in this study, fifty-seven (60%) were male, and the average age was thirty-four years old. Compared with normal group, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotien (LDL) disorder groups have a higher VFA (normal HDL group 87.3cm2< unnormal HDL group 115.8cm2; normal LDL group 90.5cm2< unnormal LDL group 109.0cm2, p<0.05). VFA was higher in the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) disorder group than in the normal, and the difference was significant (144.6cm2>96.2cm2, p=0.016). BMI, WC and VFA values was manifested positively correlated to glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) of VFA was over than 0.7 revealed great ability of related to lipid HDL metabolism (p=0.004). VFA (AUC= 0.701, 95% CI 0.577-0.826, p =0.004) provides a better diagnostic accuracy to distinguish between HDL disorder and normal groups. The optimal cut-off value for VFA was 80.2cm2 with 81.3% sensitivity and 56.8% specificity. For LDH disorder, a cut-off value of VFA 125.3 cm2 shows a sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 78.9% (AUC=0.792, 95% CI 0.595-0.989, p=0.019). The risk of lipid metabolism disorder and liver dysfunction were explored, and Multivariate analysis showed that VFA>80.2cm2 (OR=2.81, p=0.034) was a significantly risk factor related to HDL disorder and VFA>125.3cm2 (OR=18.75, P=0.01) was the risk factor for LDH disorder. While, WC and BMI wasn’t in the regression equation.Conclusion: VFA was more reliable and related to the lipid metabolism and liver function. VFA could be used as an independent indicator for the evaluation of the risk lipid metabolism disorder and liver dysfunction.

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