scholarly journals Augmented BMI and waist to height ratio as screening tools for overweight and obesity among school going children aged 5 to 15 years

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Ushakiran C. B. ◽  
Sowmya Jagadeeshwara ◽  
Bharathi Lingaraju
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Background: Worldwide raising trend in obesity among children is causing serious public health concerns and in developing countries it is threatening the viability of basic health care delivery. The objective of this study was to screen for overweight and obesity among school going children using the established methods as well as the newer screening tools and to compare the efficacy of the various screening toolsMethods: Prospective cross sectional study was conducted various government and non-government schools within city limits. And participants involves 1000 children in the age group of 5 to 15 years who met the predefined criteria were selected by purposive sampling.Results: Using BMI as a screening tool, 6.3% were identified as overweight and 5.8% as obese. Using Waist circumference alone, 5.2% were identified as overweight and 4.5% as obese. 13.8% and 5% were identified as overweight and obese respectively by waist circumference to height ratio. Using augmented BMI, 14.7% were identified as overweight and 4.3% as obese.Conclusions: Using WHTR and Augmented BMI, larger percentage of children were identified as overweight while the percentage of children identified as obese remained similar to using BMI or Waist circumference alone. 

scholarly journals BMI, waist to height ratio and waist circumference as a screening tool for hypertension in hospital out patients: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Shrestha ◽  
Bijay Khatri ◽  
Madan P. Upadhyay ◽  
Janak R. Bhattarai ◽  
Manish Kayastha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Abstract BackgroundObesity has become a global epidemic and an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Earlier thought to be a problem of developed world, it has now become a problem of low- and middle-income countries like Nepal. In absence of a routine surveillance or a registry system, the actual burden and trend of obesity in Nepal is unknown. Obesity and overweight are recognized risk factors for hypertension and associated with cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study was to find out burden of obesity, using three commonly employed metrics in hospital outpatient setting of a low-income country as predictors of hypertension, and compare ability of different anthropometric measurements through a non-inferiority study to predict hypertension.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 40-69 years outpatients in a tertiary Eye and ENT hospital in a semi-urban area of Nepal among randomly selected 2,256 participants from 6,769 outpatients who were evaluated in Health Promotion and risk factor screening service. We did correlation analysis to determine the relationship between anthropometric measurement and blood pressure. The area under the Receiver Operating characteristic curve of Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR) and Waist Circumference (WC) was calculated and compared. ResultsThe prevalence of obesity and overweight by BMI was 16.09% and 42.20% respectively; by Waist-to-Height-Ratio was 32.76% which is two times higher than obesity measured by BMI. High waist circumference was observed among 66.76% participants. Female participants had greater prevalence of high WC (77.46%) than male (53.73%) (p<0.001). Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was 40.67% and 36.77% respectively. The areas under the curve were significantly higher than 0.5 for BMI (0.593), WHtR (0.602) and WC (0.610).ConclusionWaist circumference correlated well with obesity and hypertension. It also had higher predicting ability than WHtR and BMI to predict hypertension. Waist circumference thus proved to be non-inferior to two other commonly used metrics. It proved superior in detecting obesity in female. This simple and inexpensive tape measurement may play an important role in future diagnosis of obesity and prediction of HTN in resource constrained settings of developing countries.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and specificity of waist circumference as a single screening tool for assessment of overweight and obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 4254
Author(s):  
Anubrata Karmakar ◽  
Shobhit Garg ◽  
Aparajita Dasgupta ◽  
Bobby Paul ◽  
Swanya P. Maharana
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Generalised and central obesity are established risk factors for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Easy assessment of overweight or obesity is the need of the hour from public health perspective. Waist circumference (WC) can be a simple screening tool for identifying overweight individuals since measuring WC is simple, inexpensive, less time consuming, convenient for self-monitoring and needs no complicated calculation as BMI.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in January-February 2017 among 338 adults, in a village of Singur Block, West Bengal. Height, weight and WC were measured for each subject. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to estimate the cut-off values of WC.Results: The sensitivity and specificity of WC ≥90 centimeters for men for identifying overweight (BMI ≥25) were 78.8% and 75.6% respectively, whereas those of WC ≥80 cm for women were 80.3% and 44% respectively. ROC curve analysis revealed good diagnostic accuracy at 88.5 cm for WC cut-off for men (area under curve (AUC) 0.854, sensitivity 86.5%, specificity 67.6%) and fair accuracy (AUC 0.744, sensitivity 80.3%, specificity 44%) for WC cut-off for 80 cm for women.Conclusions: This study shows, WC can be used for screening of overweight individual infield practice as measuring tape is inexpensive and easy-to-carry compared to a weighing scale. More research may be done on larger sample size to establish an optimal WC cut-off value for Indian population. 

scholarly journals BMI, waist to height ratio and waist circumference as a screening tool for hypertension in hospital out patients: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Shrestha ◽  
Bijay Khatri ◽  
Madan P. Upadhyay ◽  
Janak R. Bhattarai ◽  
Manish Kayastha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Waist Circumference ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Abstract Background: Obesity has become a global epidemic with a rise in noncommunicable diseases. It is now becoming the problem of low- and middle-income countries such as Nepal. Conventional risk factors are present in a high proportion in the Nepalese population. As a routine surveillance or registry system is absent, the actual burden and trend of obesity and hypertension in Nepal are unknown. Hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by detecting risk factors such as obesity and high blood pressure. A simple anthropometric measurement could be used to determine the risk of hypertension. However, the best predictor of hypertension remains contentious and controversial. We aimed to determine the burden of obesity and hypertension and test the ability to determine hypertension through different anthropometric measurements in hospital outpatients in a low-income setting.Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from June to December 2019 among 40-69 year outpatients in a tertiary eye and ENT hospital in a semi-urban area of Nepal among a randomly selected sample of 2,256 participants from 6,769 outpatients visited in Health Promotion and risked factor screening service. We performed a correlation analysis to determine the relationship between anthropometric measurements and blood pressure. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of body mass index (BMI), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and waist circumference (WC) was calculated and compared.Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 51.75 (8.47) years. The overall prevalence of obesity and overweight by BMI was 16.09% and 42.20%, respectively. The overall prevalence of abdominal obesity by waist-to-height ratio was 32.76%, which is higher than obesity by BMI. High waist circumference was observed among 66.76% participants, whereas female participants had a very higher prevalence of high waist circumference (77.46%) and male participants (53.73%) (p<0.001). The prevalence of hypertension among the participants with BMI≥25 kg/m2, WHtR≥0.5 and WC≥ cutoff values was 45.97%, 42.52% and 45.28%, respectively. The overall prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was 40.67% and 36.77%, respectively. Male participants had a slightly higher prevalence of hypertension (42.72%) than female participants (39.00%). The areas under the curve (AUCs) were significantly higher than 0.5 for BMI (0.570, 95% CI: 0.548-0.592), WC (0.585, 95% CI: 0.563-0.607) and WHtR (0.586, 95% CI: 0.564-0.608). In both genders, the area under the curve was significantly higher than 0.5 (P<0.01). In all age groups, the area under the curve was also significantly higher than 0.5.Conclusion: Waist circumference was both correlated as well as had higher predictive capacity amongst WHtR and BMI and may play a major role in the future diagnosis of HTN in Nepali adults. Regardless of the anthropometric metrics used to measure overweight and obesity, the hospital setting is an opportunity centre to screen for overweight, obesity and hypertension, which are major risk factors for NCDs.

scholarly journals Are 24 h urinary sodium excretion and sodium:potassium independently associated with obesity in Chinese adults?

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Ge ◽  
Jiyu Zhang ◽  
Xiaorong Chen ◽  
Liuxia Yan ◽  
Xiaolei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of 24 h urinary Na excretion and Na:K with obesity in Chinese adults.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study using a four-stage stratified sampling strategy.SettingShandong Province, China.SubjectsChinese adults (n 1906) aged 18–69 years who provided complete 24 h urine samples.ResultsOdds of obesity increased significantly across increasing quartiles of urinary Na excretion (1·00, 1·54, 1·69 and 2·52, respectively, for overweight; 1·00, 1·20, 1·50, and 2·03, respectively, for obesity; 1·00, 1·44, 1·85 and 2·53, respectively, for abdominal obesity (assessed by waist circumference); and 1·00, 1·28, 1·44 and 1·75, respectively, for abdominal obesity (assessed by waist-to-height ratio); P for linear trend <0·001 for all). In addition, odds of abdominal obesity, but not odds of overweight and obesity, increased significantly with successive Na:K quartiles. Additionally, for each increment in urinary Na excretion of 100 mmol, odds of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity (by waist circumference) and abdominal obesity (by waist-to-height ratio) increased significantly by 46 %, 39 %, 55 % and 33 %, respectively. Similarly, with a 1 sd increase in Na:K, odds of abdominal obesity (by waist circumference) and abdominal obesity (by waist-to-height ratio) increased significantly by 12 % and 15 %, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that 24 h urinary Na excretion and Na:K might be important risk factors for obesity in Chinese adults.

scholarly journals Waist to height ratio as a screening tool for identifying childhood obesity and associated factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arda Kılınç ◽  
Nilgün Çöl ◽  
Beltinge Demircioğlu-Kılıç ◽  
Neriman Aydin ◽  
Ayse Balat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Computer Usage ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of obesity and associated factors during childhood in Southeastern Turkey. Another objective was to determine the cut-off points of Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR) values for defining obesity/abdominal obesity. Methods: The community-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Gaziantep Turkey between November 2011 and December 2011 with 2718 primary school/high schools students aged 6-17 years. The SPSS 22.00 was used for the analysis of data. Results: The prevalence of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, was 13.2%, 4.2% ,26.4%, respectively. There was a reverse relationship between BMI/WC values and sleep durations (p<0.05). The BMI/WC values were higher in students with computer usage time ≥1 hours in a day (p<0.05). Parental obesity status has an effective role on the WC/BMI values of children (p<0.05). The WHtR was a good predictor of diagnosis on obesity and abdominal obesity (AUC=0.928, p<0.0001; AUC=0.920, p<0.0001; respectively). The optimal cut-off values for obesity and abdominal obesity were detected as 0.5077, 0.4741, respectively. Conclusions: The WHtR can be used for diagnosis of obesity/abdominal obesity. Parental obesity, short sleep duration and computer use more than one hour per day are risk factors for the development of obesity in children and adolescents. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.748 How to cite this:Kilinc A, Col N, Demircioglu-Kilic B, Aydin N, Balat A, Keskin M. Waist to height ratio as a screening tool for identifying childhood obesity and associated factors. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1652-1658. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.748 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals An Interrelationship between Blood Pressure, Body Roundness Index, Waist Circumference, and Waist to Height Ratio

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ashok K. Jeppu ◽  
Kavitha A. Kumar ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Obesity is a global epidemic. Obesity related comorbidities include hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, and sudden death. Abdominal adiposity has been blamed for causing cardiovascular complications. The body roundness index (BRI) has been considered to be a superior anthropometric measure for abdominal adiposity. The aim of the study was to find the relationship of blood pressure in healthy individuals to BRI, waist circumference (WC), and waist to height Ratio (WHtR). It also tried to find out the relation of BRI to WC and WHtR. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 individuals aged between 18 and 60 years who were apparently healthy (not on any treatment or physical training) and willing to participate in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Parameters like height, weight, and WC were measured. BRI and WHtR were calculated. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. We observed that BRI was well correlated to the WC, body mass index (BMI), and WHtR. Both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure correlated well with BRI. BRI and WHtR, both are good parameters to evaluate the blood pressure of an individual.

scholarly journals BMI, Waist to Height Ratio and Waist Circumference as a screening tool for Hypertension in Hospital out Patients: A Cross-Sectional, Non-inferiority study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Shrestha ◽  
Sanjib K. Upadhyay ◽  
Bijay Khatri ◽  
Janak R. Bhattarai ◽  
Manish Kayastha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Abstract BackgroundObesity has become a global epidemic and an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Earlier thought to be a problem in the developed world, it has become a problem in low-and middle-income countries, including Nepal. In the absence of routine surveillance or a registry system, the actual burden and trend of obesity in Nepal is unknown. Obesity and overweight are recognized as risk factors for hypertension and associated with cardiovascular diseases. The study aimed to find out the burden of obesity, using three commonly employed metrics in the hospital outpatient setting of a developing country as predictors of hypertension, and compare the ability of different anthropometric measurements through a non-inferiority study to predict hypertension.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 40-69 years outpatients in a tertiary Eye, and ENT hospital in a semi-urban area of Nepal among randomly selected 2,256 participants from 6,769 outpatients evaluated in Health Promotion and Risk Factor Screening Service. We did a correlation analysis to determine the relationship between anthropometric measurement and blood pressure. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve of Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR), and Waist Circumference (WC) was calculated and compared.ResultsThe prevalence of obesity and overweight by BMI was 16.09% and 42.20%, respectively; by WHtR was 32.76%, which is two times higher than obesity measured by BMI. High WC was observed among 66.76% of participants. Female participants had a greater prevalence of high WC (77.46%) than males (53.73%) (p<0.001). Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was 40.67% and 36.77%, respectively. The areas under the curve were significantly higher than 0.5 for BMI (0.593), WHtR (0.602), and WC (0.610).ConclusionWC correlated well with obesity and hypertension. It also had a higher predicting ability than WHtR and BMI to predict hypertension. WC thus proved to be non-inferior to two other commonly used metrics. It proved superior in detecting obesity in female. This inexpensive and simple non-tension tape measurement may play an important role in future diagnosis of obesity and prediction of HTN in resource-constrained settings of developing countries.

scholarly journals Association of eating patterns and abdominal adiposity in Brazilian

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Cristina Guimarães da SILVA ◽  
Kelly Aparecida da Cunha PEREIRA ◽  
Wellington SEGHETO ◽  
Fabrícia Geralda FERREIRA ◽  
Kátia Josiany SEGHETO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the relationship between dietary patterns and abdominal adiposity among adults living in the urban area of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study of 959 adults of both sexes. Information on sociodemographic characteristics and dietary intake was collected through questionnaires. Abdominal adiposity was evaluated using waist circumference and the anthropometric indices waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio. Food patterns were identified by factor analysis. Poisson regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results Abdominal adiposity was identified by waist circumference in 59.06% (95%CI=52.77–65.08) of the sample, by waist-to-hip ratio in 54.65% (95%CI=47.92–61.21), and by waist-to-height ratio in 9% (95%CI=54.61–69.03). Two dietary patterns, named as traditional Brazilian and bar, were identified in the sample, but only the latter was statistically associated with abdominal adiposity determined by the three parameters. Conclusion The study identified two eating patterns in the population, a healthy and an unhealthy pattern, the latter being associated with greater odds of abdominal adiposity. Thus, it is important to take measures to reverse this trend.

scholarly journals A systematic review of waist-to-height ratio as a screening tool for the prediction of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: 0·5 could be a suitable global boundary value

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy M. Browning ◽  
Shiun Dong Hsieh ◽  
Margaret Ashwell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Boundary Value ◽  
Central American ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Message ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

This systematic review collated seventy-eight studies exploring waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist circumference (WC) or BMI as predictors of diabetes and CVD, published in English between 1950 and 2008. Twenty-two prospective analyses showed that WHtR and WC were significant predictors of these cardiometabolic outcomes more often than BMI, with similar OR, sometimes being significant predictors after adjustment for BMI. Observations from cross-sectional analyses, forty-four in adults, thirteen in children, supported these predictions. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed mean area under ROC (AUROC) values of 0·704, 0·693 and 0·671 for WHtR, WC and BMI, respectively. Mean boundary values for WHtR, covering all cardiometabolic outcomes, from studies in fourteen different countries and including Caucasian, Asian and Central American subjects, were 0·50 for men and 0·50 for women. WHtR and WC are therefore similar predictors of diabetes and CVD, both being stronger than, and independent of, BMI. To make firmer statistical comparison, a meta-analysis is required. The AUROC analyses indicate that WHtR may be a more useful global clinical screening tool than WC, with a weighted mean boundary value of 0·5, supporting the simple public health message ‘keep your waist circumference to less than half your height’.

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