Treatment of conduct disorder: Progress and directions in psychotherapy research

AbstractThe present paper charts the course for future research on the treatment of conduct disorder. The course builds on current advances both in understanding conduct disorder and its treatment and in the clinical care provided to youth and their families. The paper highlights substantive and methodological advances in contemporary research on both treatment and developmental psychopathology more generally. In light of the current status of treatment research, several priorities are identified, which include expanding the criteria used to evaluate outcome, expanding the range of research questions asked about treatment, testing a broader range of treatments and treatment combinations, evaluating long-term treatment effects, and expanding the models to develop and to evaluate treatment. A plan is presented to guide the progression of research to identify and to develop effective interventions. The special opportunities that a developmental perspective provides for designing treatments for youth of different ages and stages of development are also discussed.

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Efficacy and safety of lurasidone in children and adolescents: Recommendations for clinical management and future research

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612827666210804110853 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Amerio ◽

Costanza Giacomini ◽

Laura Fusar-Poli ◽

Andrea Aguglia ◽

Alessandra Costanza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Clinical Management ◽

Partial Agonist ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Antipsychotic Agent ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Good Choice ◽

Future Research ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

M1 Receptors

: Lurasidone is a novel azapirone derivative, and atypical antipsychotic agent with a high binding affinity for dopaminergic (D2), serotoninergic (5-HT2A), and 5-HT7 receptors (antagonist), a moderate affinity for 5-HT1A receptors (partial agonist), and no appreciable affinity for histaminergic (H1) and muscarinic (M1) receptors. It was recently included by the European Medication Agency among the in-label pharmacological treatments for children and adolescents affected by early onset schizophrenia. As a dopamine and serotonin antagonist, lurasidone acts on a variety of receptors and showed its efficacy both as an antipsychotic and an activating compound. Administered with food or within 30 minutes from a meal, it presents sufficient bioavailability and does not interact ith most of the other drugs during metabolism. With little effects on hormones and weight gain, potential procognitive profile due to its 5-HT7 antagonism, and reduced extrapyramidal side effects, lurasidone could be a good choice in terms of both effectiveness and tolerability, particularly for patients headed towards a long-term treatment. This article aims to summarize the available scientific evidence from the literature on the use of lurasidone in children and adolescents and to provide recommendations for clinical management and future research.

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Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Critical Appraisal of Extended Treatment Studies

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674370204700404 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 337-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Russell Schachar ◽

Alejandro R Jadad ◽

Mary Gauld ◽

Michael Boyle ◽

Lynda Booker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Internalizing Symptoms ◽

Stimulant Medication ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Behavioural Intervention ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Rigorous Treatment ◽

Treatment Research

We undertook a systematic review of the literature on the long-term treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We used systematic strategies to identify randomized treatment studies in which treatment was administered for 12 weeks or more. We included 14 studies involving 1379 subjects. Because of the limited number of high-quality studies and the heterogeneity of outcome measures, we did not perform metaanalysis. We rated 5 studies as adequate for methodological quality. Five studies followed children for more than 26 weeks. Pharmacologic interventions were studied more frequently than non-pharmacologic ones. Six studies permitted evaluation of the effects of combined drug and behavioural intervention. Twenty-five different outcomes were measured using 26 different tests. Stimulant medication appears to reduce ADHD (7 studies), dysfunctional social behaviour (6 studies), and internalizing symptoms (2 studies). Available studies provide little evidence for improved academic performance with stimulants (3 studies). Medications other than stimulants have not been studied extensively (3 studies). Only 1 study showed that combination therapy adds to the effects of medication. Rigorous treatment research among representative samples of ADHD individuals is needed.

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From impact factors to real impact: translating evidence on lifestyle interventions into routine mental health care

Translational Behavioral Medicine ◽

10.1093/tbm/ibz067 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 1070-1073 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jeroen Deenik ◽

Louise Czosnek ◽

Scott B Teasdale ◽

Brendon Stubbs ◽

Joseph Firth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Impact Factors ◽

Future Research ◽

Lifestyle Interventions ◽

Routine Clinical Care ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Limited Effectiveness

Abstract The scandal of premature mortality in people with serious mental illness is well established. Despite an increase in studies evaluating the efficacy of lifestyle interventions, translating this evidence into routine clinical care and policies is challenging, in part due to limited effectiveness or implementation research. We highlight the challenge of implementation that is increasingly recognized in clinical practice, advocate for adopting implementation science to study the implementation and systematic update of effective interventions in practice and policy, and provide directions for future research.

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Monthly Pulse Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) or Methylprednisolone Therapy for Long-Term Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis as an Add-On Therapy to beta-Interferons: Current Status of the Pilot Study (P04.147)

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p04.147 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (Meeting Abstracts 1) ◽

pp. P04.147-P04.147

Author(s):

R. Berkovich ◽

L. Amezcua ◽

M. Fernandez ◽

D. Subhani ◽

I. Kravtsova

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Current Status ◽

Long Term Treatment

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Independent and Interactive Effects of Neighborhood Disadvantage and Social Network Characteristics on Problem Drinking After Treatment

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology ◽

10.1521/jscp.2018.37.1.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 1-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Amy A. Mericle ◽

Lee A. Kaskutas ◽

Doug L. Polcin ◽

Katherine J. Karriker-Jaffe

Keyword(s):

Social Network ◽

Problem Drinking ◽

Neighborhood Disadvantage ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Future Research ◽

Network Characteristics ◽

Disadvantaged Neighborhoods ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Reduced Drinking

Socioecological approaches to public health problems like addiction emphasize the importance of person-environment interactions. Neighborhood and social network characteristics may influence the likelihood of relapse among individuals in recovery, but these factors have been understudied, particularly with respect to conceptualizing social network characteristics as moderators of neighborhood disadvantage. Drawing from a larger prospective study of individuals recruited from outpatient treatment (N = 451) and interviewed 1, 3, 5, and 7 years later, the aim of this study was to examine the independent and interactive effects of neighborhood and social network characteristics on continued problem drinking after treatment. Models using generalized estimating equations controlling for demographic and other risk factors found the number of heavy drinkers in one's network increases risk of relapse, with the effects being significantly stronger among those living in disadvantaged neighborhoods than among those in non-disadvantaged neighborhoods. No independent effects were found for neighborhood disadvantage or for the number of network members supporting reduced drinking. Future research is needed to examine potential protective factors in neighborhoods which may offset socioeconomic disadvantage as well as to investigate the functions that network members serve in helping to improve long-term treatment outcomes.

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Neuroinflammation in HIV-Related Neuropathic Pain

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.653852 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Huan-Jun Lu ◽

Yuan-Yuan Fu ◽

Qian-Qi Wei ◽

Zhi-Jun Zhang

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Nervous System ◽

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Future Research ◽

Peripheral Sensitization ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

Hiv Envelope

In the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection around the world, chronic complications are becoming a new problem along with the prolonged life expectancy. Chronic pain is widespread in HIV infected patients and even affects those with a low viral load undergoing long-term treatment with antiviral drugs, negatively influencing the adherence to disease management and quality of life. A large proportion of chronic pain is neuropathic pain, which defined as chronic pain caused by nervous system lesions or diseases, presenting a series of nervous system symptoms including both positive and negative signs. Injury caused by HIV protein, central and peripheral sensitization, and side effects of antiretroviral therapy lead to neuroinflammation, which is regarded as a maladaptive mechanism originally serving to promote regeneration and healing, constituting the main mechanism of HIV-related neuropathic pain. Gp120, as HIV envelope protein, has been found to be the major toxin that induces neuropathic pain. Particularly, the microglia, releasing numerous pro-inflammatory substances (such as TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6), not only sensitize the neurons but also are the center part of the crosstalk bridging the astrocytes and oligodendrocytes together forming the central sensitization during HIV infection, which is not discussed detailly in recent reviews. In the meantime, some NRTIs and PIs exacerbate the neuroinflammation response. In this review, we highlight the importance of clarifying the mechanism of HIV-related neuropathic pain, and discuss about the limitation of the related studies as future research directions.

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Current status of treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism

Thrombosis Journal ◽

10.1186/s12959-021-00274-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wei Xiong

Keyword(s):

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Oral Anticoagulants ◽

Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Current Status ◽

Bleeding Complications ◽

Nccn Guidelines ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Long Term Treatment

AbstractPatients with cancer are prone to develop venous thromboembolism (VTE) that is the second leading cause of mortality among them. Cancer patients with VTE may encounter higher rates of VTE recurrence and bleeding complications than patients without cancer. Treatment of established VTE is often complex in patients with cancer. Treatment of cancer-associated VTE basically comprises initial treatment, long-term treatment, treatment within 6 months, treatment beyond 6 months, treatment of recurrent VTE, and treatment in special situations. Decision of antithrombotic therapy, selection of anticoagulants, duration of anticoagulation, decision of adjuvant therapy, and adjustment of regimen in special situations are the major problems in the treatment of cancer-associated VTE. Therapeutic anticoagulation is the key of the key in the treatment of cancer-associated VTE. In addition to the efficacy and safety of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) that has been fully demonstrated, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly showing its advantages along with the accompanying concern in the treatment of cancer-associated VTE. The latest ASCO, ITAC and NCCN guidelines agree with each other on most aspects with respect to the treatment of cancer-associated VTE, whereas differ on a few issues. Encompassing recent randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and meta-analyses, as well as the comparison of the latest authoritative guidelines including the NCCN, ASCO, and ITAC guidelines in this field, the objective of this review is to present current overview and recommendations for the treatment of cancer-associated VTE.

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Home-Based Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Interventions in Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Systematic Review

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13081915 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1915

Author(s):

Ladislav Batalik ◽

Petr Winnige ◽

Filip Dosbaba ◽

Daniela Vlazna ◽

Andrea Janikova

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Future Research ◽

Psychological Benefits ◽

Supportive Cancer Care ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Home Based ◽

Long Term Treatment

Cancer is a chronic disease requiring long-term treatment. Exercise interventions are increasingly being recognized as an important part of treatment and supportive cancer care for patients and survivors. Previous reviews have evaluated the benefits of exercise interventions in populations of patients under supervision at a center, but none have explored the possibilities of a home-based (HB) approach in exercise during cancer rehabilitation and the period immediately following the end of cancer treatment. The aim of this descriptive systematic review was to identify the literature focusing on the health effects of HB exercise interventions in cancer survivors and to evaluate the methodological quality of the examined studies. Relevant studies were identified by a systematic search of PubMed and the Web of Science until January 2021. Nine randomized controlled trials were included. Most studies were on aerobic and resistance exercises, and the frequency, duration, intensity, and modality varied across the different interventions. Improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity (PA) levels, fatigue, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and body composition have been reported. However, all the studies were limited in methodology and the reporting of results. Nevertheless, the evidence in this new area, despite the methodological limitations of the studies, suggests that HB exercise interventions are feasible, and may provide physiological and psychological benefits for cancer survivors during the rehabilitation period. A methodologically rigorous design for future research is essential for making progress in this field of study.

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The future of research on the treatment of conduct disorder

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579400004405 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 5 (1-2) ◽

pp. 311-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Kenneth A. Dodge

Keyword(s):

Conduct Disorder ◽

Developmental Psychopathology ◽

Peer Group ◽

Basic Research ◽

Reciprocal Relation ◽

Developmental Theories ◽

Treatment Research ◽

Successful Change ◽

Disorder Prevention

AbstractThe thesis of this paper is that a reciprocal relation must develop between basic research on the developmental psychopathology of conduct disorder and applied treatment studies. Basic research can guide treatment design, and treatment outcomes can test developmental theories. The nature of conduct disorder seems to be one of multivariate components that act in self-perpetuating ways across development. These components include family, child-cognitive, peer group, and ecocommunity systems. Interventions that are directed toward just one component may be successful in producing proximal changes in the targeted domain, but they are not likely to be successful in long-term prevention of serious conduct disorder because other forces counteract these changes. The goal of treatment research needs to be long-term conduct disorder prevention. Two kinds of treatment studies are needed, one kind that is directed toward developing a technology of successful change procedures for individual processes and a second kind that uses these multiple change procedures in a comprehensive effort to prevent serious conduct disorder.

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