Distinct and interactive contributions of physical abuse, socioeconomic disadvantage, and negative life events to children's social, cognitive, and affective adjustment

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Okun ◽  
Jeffrey G. Parker ◽  
Alytia A. Levendosky
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Socioeconomic Disadvantage ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Children's Adjustment ◽  
Peer Adjustment

AbstractPast research highlights the importance of considering the sequelae of physical abuse in the context of other risk factors and possible exacerbating circumstances. The present research examines the relative, unique, and interactive effects of physical abuse, sociocultural disadvantage, and cumulative negative life events. Multiple measures and data sources were used to assess the socioeconomic circumstances, exposure to recent negative events, and social, cognitive, and affective adjustment of 19 physically abused and 49 nonabused elementary school-age children. Results indicated that abuse strongly independently predicted problems in children's adjustment with peers, self-perceptions, and depression. Abuse was also related to increased behavioral problems at home and at school, though this relation abated and even reversed itself as social disadvantage increased. Cumulative negative events independently predicted negative self-perceptions and, for girls, increased depression. Socioeconomic hardship was independently related to children's cognitive maturity. In addition, socioeconomic disadvantage qualified the relation between negative events and children's adjustment to peers, such that increased negative events were related to lower peer adjustment among less disadvantaged children but increased peer adjustment of children with more disadvantage. These results support calls for a more contextualized approach to examining the developmental outcomes of physical abuse, one that considers multiple risk factors simultaneously.

scholarly journals The Connections of Pregnancy-, Delivery-, and Infant-Related Risk Factors and Negative Life Events on Postpartum Depression and Their Role in First and Recurrent Depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo Kettunen ◽  
Eeva Koistinen ◽  
Jukka Hintikka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Breastfeeding Cessation ◽  
Axis I

Introduction. The aim of this study is to assess how negative life events and adverse experiences with pregnancy, delivery, the infant(s), and breastfeeding cessation impact on postpartum depression (PPD), specifically in first lifetime and recurrent depression. Method. The study group comprised 104 mothers with a current episode of PPD and a control group of 104 mothers who did not have current PPD. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) was used for data collection. The course of the depression, adverse experiences, and breastfeeding were assessed by self-reports. Results. In age-adjusted multivariate analyses, mental and physical problems during pregnancy or delivery, postpartum problems with the infant and breastfeeding cessation, and negative life events during the previous 12 months were associated with postpartum depression. Eighteen percent (18%) of the mothers had first depression and 82% recurrent depression. Mental and physical problems during pregnancy or delivery were associated with both first lifetime and recurrent depression. Nevertheless, negative life events and infant/breastfeeding issues associated only with recurrent depression. Conclusion. Factors associated with pregnancy and delivery have an impact on PPD, but in recurrent depression other postnatal and psychosocial factors are also important risk factors.

scholarly journals Good is stronger than bad for eudaimonic well-being

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 455-490
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Martínez-Zelaya ◽  
Marian Bilbao Ramírez ◽  
Darío Páez Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Basic Beliefs

Perceived changes in basic beliefs and growth related to life events were examined in three studies. A representative sample (N = 885), a sample of students and their families (N = 291) and a sample of students (N = 245) responded with a list of positive and negative life events, a scale of changes in basic beliefs and a post-traumatic growth scale. Positive events were strongly associated with changes in basic beliefs, while only weak associations were found for negative events. In addition, negative changes in basic beliefs were associated with growth only in negative life events and positive changes in basic beliefs were generally associated with growth.

“Then It Will Be Good”

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie D. Eggum ◽  
Julie Sallquist ◽  
Nancy Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Positive Reframing ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Support Seeking

Youths ( N = 57; mean age = 13.83 years) residing near Tororo, Uganda, were interviewed to obtain quantitative and qualitative data pertaining to negative life events, adjustment problems, coping, social support, self-worth, and hope. On average, they experienced nearly half of the 22 negative life events assessed. The experience of negative life events related positively to internalizing problems and negatively to social support and self-worth. Coping strategies (problem-focused, positive reframing, avoidance, and support-seeking) were positively associated with hope. Problem-focused coping was negatively related to externalizing problems. Furthermore, social support was positively associated with coping strategies, self-worth, and hope and was negatively related to adjustment problems. The qualitative data shed light on the difficult events the youths endured and what types of coping strategies they used. Ultimately, interviews suggested that youths experienced many negative events, but they remained optimistic.

Negative old-age life events and well-being in later life: the moderating and mediating role of loneliness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lise Switsers ◽  
Eva Dierckx ◽  
Joan Domènech-Abella ◽  
Liesbeth De Donder ◽  
Sarah Dury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Emotional Loneliness

ABSTRACT Objectives: Although older adults often experience negative life events or loss experiences, they rarely experience large decreases in their quality of life or well-being. Emotionally satisfying relationships in older adults may serve as a protective factor that reduces the impact of negative events in decreasing well-being. The availability of these close social contacts is essential, and their potential for alleviating feelings of loneliness after negative events could have an important role in promoting well-being. The aim of this study was to test the hypothetical moderation and mediation effects of social and emotional loneliness on the occurrence of negative old-age life events and well-being in later life. Design: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted as part of the Detection, Support and Care for older people – Prevention and Empowerment research project (2015–2018). Setting: Participants were community-dwelling older adults in Flanders (Belgium). Participants: The sample composed of 770 participants aged 60 years and over. Measurements: Participant demographics, social and emotional loneliness, and subjective well-being were measured. Moderation and mediation analyses were performed using the regression-based approach as conducted by Hayes and Rockwood (2017). Results: Results indicated that a low degree of (social) loneliness is a protective, moderating factor and (emotional) loneliness is a mediating factor on the effects of negative life events on well-being in later life. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of emotionally and socially satisfying social contacts in order to maintain positive subjective well-being in later life when negative life events may occur.

scholarly journals Γονεϊκές πρακτικές και παράγοντες επικινδυνότητας κατά την εφηβεία: Η σημασία του διαζυγίου, των γονεϊκών συγκρούσεων και των αρνητικών γεγονότων ζωής

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Μαρία Δουκάκου ◽  
Φρόσσω Μόττη - Στεφανίδη
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Parental Conflicts

The purpose of this study was to examine whether divorce is a risk factor for parenting adolescents over and above parental conflicts and negative life events. 2083 adolescents, aged 15-17 years, males and females studying in 14 high schools of Attica participated in the study. 12% of these adolescents live with divorced/separated parents. Divorce, parental conflicts and negative life events were examined as risk factors for parenting. Four parenting dimensions were examined: the parent-adolescent bond, the psychological control, the behavioral control and the autonomy granting. Self-reported questionnaires were used, well-known in research, and they were translated to greek language. Results indicated that when divorce was examined as the only risk factor, it put at risk parenting. Over and above the parental conflicts and negative life events, divorce was not a risk factor for mothers’ parenting but it was a risk factor for fathers’ parenting. Also, parental conflicts and negative life events were risk factors for both mothers’ and fathers’ parenting, irrespective of family status. Finally, differences in parenting were found in terms of adolescents’ gender and parental socio-economic status. These results are discussed in terms of their significance in family counselling.

Exploring the Most Important Negative Life Events in Older Adults Bereaved of Child, Spouse, or Both

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna S. Bratt ◽  
Ulf Stenström ◽  
Mikael Rennemark
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
National Study ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Loss Of A Child ◽  
Negative Life Experiences

Losing a child or a spouse is described as the worst of experiences. However, it is not known whether older adults bereaved of a child, spouse, or both child and spouse experience these losses as among the most important negative events in their lifetime. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the 1,437 older adults bereaved of a child, spouse, or both included in the southern part of the Swedish National Study of Aging and Care mentioned these losses when asked about their three most important negative life events. Gender differences in their choices of important negative life events were also explored. About 70% of those bereaved of a child or a spouse mentioned these losses as among their three most important negative life experiences. In the child-and-spouse-bereaved group, 48% mentioned both the loss of their child and spouse, while 40% mentioned either the loss of a child or a spouse. Gender differences were only found in the child-and-spouse-bereaved group, with a few more women mentioning the loss of the child but not the spouse, and the men showing the opposite pattern.

Risk Factors for Completed Suicide in Veterans of Peacekeeping: Repatriation, Negative Life Events, and Marital Status

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siri Thoresen ◽  
Lars Mehlum ◽  
Espen R⊘ysamb ◽  
Arnfinn T⊘nnessen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Completed Suicide

Perinatal maternal negative life events as risk factors of atopic dermatitis in female offspring

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-642.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jisun Yoon ◽  
Eun Mi Kim ◽  
Mi Young Lee ◽  
Sungsu Jung ◽  
Hyun-Ju Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Female Offspring

Negative Life Events Associated With Deliberate Self-Harm in an African Population in Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kinyanda ◽  
H. Hjelmeland ◽  
S. Musisi
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Suicide Interventions

Abstract. Negative life events associated with deliberate self-harm (DSH) were investigated in an African context in Uganda. Patients admitted at three general hospitals in Kampala, Uganda were interviewed using a Luganda version (predominant language in the study area) of the European Parasuicide Study Interview Schedule I. The results of the life events and histories module are reported in this paper. The categories of negative life events in childhood that were significantly associated with DSH included those related to parents, significant others, personal events, and the total negative life events load in childhood. For the later-life time period, the negative life events load in the partner category and the total negative life events in this time period were associated with DSH. In the last-year time period, the negative life events load related to personal events and the total number of negative life events in this time period were associated with DSH. A statistically significant difference between the cases and controls for the total number of negative life events reported over the entire lifetime of the respondents was also observed, which suggests a dose effect of negative life events on DSH. Gender differences were also observed among the cases. In conclusion, life events appear to be an important factor in DSH in this cultural environment. The implication of these results for treatment and the future development of suicide interventions in this country are discussed.

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