Levels of analysis in etiological research on schizophrenia

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
TYRONE D. CANNON ◽  
ISABELLE M. ROSSO
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Multifactorial Causation ◽  
Different Levels

Etiological research spanning domains of inquiry as diverse as social psychology and molecular genetics has identified a number of potential factors that likely contribute to the development and clinical manifestation of schizophrenia. In this article, we first highlight the challenges inherent in developing cogent etiological models that represent both the diversity of suspected causal influences and their mechanisms of action. Then, using our own research program as a heuristic context, we present a general analytical framework for identifying and integrating multiple types of etiologic factors across different levels of analysis in the prediction of schizophrenia. In recognition of the myriad complexities of multifactorial causation, we argue that a multilevel causal perspective is required for the development and advancement of a fully nuanced theory of schizophrenia etiology and pathophysiology.

Multilevel Modeling in Personality and Social Psychology

2012 ◽  
pp. 238-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Christ ◽  
Chris G. Sibley ◽  
Ulrich Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Levels

An integrated personality and social psychology needs to take into account different levels of analysis by definition. In both disciplines, it is widely accepted that personality and the social context affects social behavior and that social behavior, in turn, also informs us about personality. The challenge for an integrated personality and social psychology is to simultaneously analyze the complex relations between the different levels of analysis for both theoretical as well as statistical reasons. Innovations in statistical analysis in the last three decades have made it possible to simultaneously take into account different levels of analysis. Our purpose in this chapter is to review the basics of as well as recent advances in multilevel modeling, to develop a framework of multilevel analyses for an integrated personality and social psychology, and to illustrate the importance of multilevel modeling for theory development and testing using examples from research on personality and social behavior. It is our hope that this chapter will help to increase the application of multilevel modeling in personality and social psychology and to further advance the development of an integrated personality and social psychology.

Multilevel Modeling in Personality and Social Psychology

2018 ◽  
pp. 238-262
Author(s):  
Oliver Christ ◽  
Chris G. Sibley ◽  
Ulrich Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Levels

An integrated personality and social psychology needs to take into account different levels of analysis by definition. In both disciplines, it is widely accepted that personality and the social context affect social behavior and that social behavior, in turn, also informs us about personality. The challenge for an integrated personality and social psychology is to simultaneously analyze the complex relations between the different levels of analysis for both theoretical and statistical reasons. Innovations in statistical analysis have made it possible to simultaneously take into account different levels of analysis This chapter reviews the basics and recent advances in multilevel modeling to develop a framework of multilevel analyses for an integrated personality and social psychology and to illustrate the importance of multilevel modeling for theory development and testing using examples from research on personality and social behavior.

Metacognitive diversity across cultures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joëlle Proust ◽  
Martin Fortier
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
The Self ◽  
Metacognitive Skills ◽  
Childrearing Practices ◽  
Potential Factors

This book collects essays on linguistics, on anthropology, on philosophy, on developmental, experimental, and social psychology, and on the neurosciences, with the aim of integrating knowledge about the variability of metacognitive skills across cultures, and of identifying the potential factors accounting for such variability—such as childrearing practices, linguistic syntax and semantics, beliefs about the self, and rituals. In this introductory chapter, the main reasons that make this topic scientifically and culturally important are presented.

The distributive knot: negotiators’ responsibility to untie complex demands

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Lempereur ◽  
Michele Pekar
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business System ◽  
Response Dynamic ◽  
Managerial System ◽  
Deal Making ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose This article aims to explore the fundamental negotiation structure as a demand/response dynamic. It tests it in a complex business system, where a manager as a negotiator is confronted with multiple demands or pressures at different levels from a variety of stakeholders, both external and internal. Design/methodology/approach Based on concrete examples from the automotive industry, it presents an analytical framework to tackle all negotiation interactions. Findings This article suggests that it is possible to describe all negotiation interactions, whether they are simple or complex, through a demand/response framework. Originality/value This contribution examines a fundamental structure for negotiation responsibility – the demand/response dynamic – defining the mission of any negotiator in deal-making or dispute resolution as to try to supply a response to the expressed crossed demands. Second, the proposed theoretical model of demand/response is transposed and tested in a managerial system where a sales negotiator is confronted with demands from more sources, both external and internal, with the responsibility to satisfy as best as possible the various stakeholders and the capacity to address each of them with different moves.

scholarly journals Natural resource abundance and eminent domain: A case study from Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Obeng-Odoom
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Eminent Domain ◽  
Resource Abundance ◽  
Local Impacts ◽  
Compulsory Purchase ◽  
Oil City ◽  
Different Levels

This Viewpoint article draws on the doctrine of eminent domain (or compulsory purchase) as an analytical framework to analyse the regional and local impacts of a new source of oil. Sekondi-Takoradi, an oil city located in Ghana, West Africa, is used as a case study to explore the differentiated experiences of local people. The article shows that, although there are complex distributional issues that require different levels of compensation and betterment to be assessed and paid for, it is unlikely that they will, in fact, even be considered.

scholarly journals High-growth firms and scale-ups: a review and research agenda

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-111
Author(s):  
Guilherme Fowler A. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth Firms ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose This paper aims to conduct an extensive review and advances a framework for the literature of high-growth firms (HGFs) and scale-ups. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes the form of a literature review. Findings The author makes three specific contributions. First, he presents a broad review of high growth in firms, shedding light on the different levels of analysis. Second, he advances a characterization of scale-up companies to enable a better basis for discussion. Finally, he identifies gaps in the existing literature and suggest paths for future research. Originality/value The interest in HGFs and those referred to as scale-ups has increased considerably in recent years. Despite this trend, existing studies still have conceptual divergences and a gap separating theoretical inputs from the actual experiences of entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Towards an interdisciplinary science of the subjective experience of remembering

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Simons ◽  
Kaja Julia Mitrenga ◽  
Charles Fernyhough
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Interdisciplinary Science ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Different Levels

Some of the most interesting advances in the study of episodic memory have come from considering different levels of analysis. In this article, we focus on how insights from multiple disciplines can inform understanding of the subjective experience of remembering. For example, we highlight how inspiration from the arts and humanities can generate novel research questions that can elucidate the cognitive and brain mechanisms responsible for what it feels like to remember a previous experience. We also consider how a multi-level perspective can help to address some confusions in the literature, such as between reconsolidation and reconstruction, and how a full understanding of memory requires appreciation of social and cultural factors.

scholarly journals La linguistique peut-elle sortir de son état pré-galiléen ?

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Desclés
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
General Topology ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

The future of linguistics implies a better definition of concepts, especially in the semantic analysis. The notion of operator plays an important role in several areas of linguistics, for instance categorical grammars and representations of the meanings of grammatical categories. The general topology makes it possible to mathematize the grammatical concepts (time, aspects, modalities, enunciative operations) by means of operators. Curry’s Combinatorial Logic is an adequate formalism for composing and transforming operators at different levels of analysis that connect the semiotic expressions of languages (the observables) with their semantico-cognitive interpretations. The article refers to many studies that develop the points discussed.

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