scholarly journals La linguistique peut-elle sortir de son état pré-galiléen ?

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Desclés
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
General Topology ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

The future of linguistics implies a better definition of concepts, especially in the semantic analysis. The notion of operator plays an important role in several areas of linguistics, for instance categorical grammars and representations of the meanings of grammatical categories. The general topology makes it possible to mathematize the grammatical concepts (time, aspects, modalities, enunciative operations) by means of operators. Curry’s Combinatorial Logic is an adequate formalism for composing and transforming operators at different levels of analysis that connect the semiotic expressions of languages (the observables) with their semantico-cognitive interpretations. The article refers to many studies that develop the points discussed.

Intralinguistic analysis of medical research papers and abstracts

Terminology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Méndez-Cendón ◽  
Belén López Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Technical Writers ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Different Levels

Studies related to ESP genres have been carried out lately focusing on different levels of analysis, such as internal ordering, lexico-grammatical patterns or terminology. However, there are not many studies combining different levels of analysis so as to observe how information is rendered in scientific genres. The present study intends to offer a description of rhetorical and phraseological patterns observed in medical research papers and abstracts using a semantic and functional approach. Our methodology is descriptively performed on a comparable corpus composed of research papers and abstracts in the field of diagnostic imaging and published in esteemed journals. We will determine composition strategies by means of the description of the authors’ favourite structures found in our corpus. Once these favourite structures have been obtained for every genre, we will proceed with semantic analysis so as to establish their similarities and differences. Our results will, primarily, help translators, technical writers and ESP students to infer discursive strategies in these genres, as well as to better understand some of the discourse aspects of rendering scientific information in general.

What We Know and Don’t Know About Passion at Work

2019 ◽  
pp. 505-528
Author(s):  
Kim Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Harmonious Passion ◽  
Obsessive Passion ◽  
The Future ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Contextual Differences

This chapter addresses the question: What do we know, and what don’t we know about passion at work? One key objective of this final chapter is to provide a brief synopsis of the key findings reported by the various authors in this volume. The chapter summarizes the consensual definitions that have emerged regarding passion and its two major forms—obsessive passion and harmonious passion. It highlights factors that produce passion as well as those that result from passion. Especially, the differences associated with obsessive passion and harmonious passion are highlighted. Different predictors and different outcomes are associated with each form of passion. In addition, findings associated with individual, organizational, and macro levels of analysis are summarized. Different relationships with these two forms of passion are manifest across different levels of analysis. A second objective is to articulate some of what we do not yet know about passion. The chapter highlights some of the important research questions that can help guide research on passion in the future. This discussion includes issues regarding the development of passion, causal relationships between passion and certain outcomes, forms and manifestations of passion, and individual and contextual differences associated with passion.

scholarly journals Why evolutionary psychology should abandon modularity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pietraszewski ◽  
Annie E. Wertz
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
The Future ◽  
Massive Modularity ◽  
Ill Posed ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Level Of Analysis

A debate surrounding modularity—the notion that the mind may be exclusively composed of distinct systems or modules—has held philosophers and psychologists captive for nearly forty years. Concern about this thesis—which has come to be known as the massive modularity debate—serves as the primary grounds for skepticism of evolutionary psychology’s claims about the mind. Here we will suggest that the entirety of this debate, and the very notion of massive modularity itself, is ill-posed and confused. In particular, it is based on a confusion about the level of analysis (or reduction) at which one is approaching the mind. Here, we will provide a framework for clarifying at what level of analysis one is approaching the mind, and explain how a systemic failure to distinguish between different levels of analysis has led to profound misunderstandings of not only evolutionary psychology, but also of the entire cognitivist enterprise of approaching the mind at the level of mechanism. We will furthermore suggest that confusions between different levels of analysis are endemic throughout the psychological sciences—extending well beyond issues of modularity and evolutionary psychology. Therefore, researchers in all areas should take preventative measures to avoid this confusion in the future.

scholarly journals The exercises system for differentiated instruction of english for specific purposes of monolog to the future it-specialists

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Oksana Synekop
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Differentiated Instruction ◽  
English For Specific Purposes ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
System A ◽  
Functional Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

In order to implement English for specific purposes within the framework of differentiated instruction to the future specialists in the information technology sphere, the exercises system of teaching monologue speech is proposed. The definition of the concept exercises system for the differentiated instruction of monologue speech» is outlined. The functional types of monologues for the future IT specialists are defined: monologue-description, monologue-message, monologue-persuasion. The approaches of teaching monologue («top down» and «bottom up») are determined. The dominant one is «bottom up». The stages of teaching monologue of English for specific purposes are analyzed. The exercises system for differentiated instruction of English for specific purposes of monological speech to the future IT-specialists is presented. Within the exercises system, a subsystem of exercises and corresponding groups are outlined. There are two subsystems: a subsystem of exercises for the formation of monological speech sub-skills (phonetic, lexical, grammatical, using linking devices) and a subsystem of exercises for the development of monological speech skills (for mastering monological units, minimonologues, various functional types of monologue). Various levels of difficulty and learning styles are reflected in the exercises. Examples of exercises for students with different learning styles and different levels of proficiency in a foreign language are considered.

scholarly journals Why Evolutionary Psychology Should Abandon Modularity

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162199711
Author(s):  
David Pietraszewski ◽  
Annie E. Wertz
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Massive Modularity ◽  
Ill Posed ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Level Of Analysis

A debate surrounding modularity—the notion that the mind may be exclusively composed of distinct systems or modules—has held philosophers and psychologists captive for nearly 40 years. Concern about this thesis—which has come to be known as the massive modularity debate—serves as the primary grounds for skepticism of evolutionary psychology’s claims about the mind. In this article we argue that the entirety of this debate, and the very notion of massive modularity itself, is ill-posed and confused. In particular, it is based on a confusion about the level of analysis (or reduction) at which one is approaching the mind. Here we provide a framework for clarifying at what level of analysis one is approaching the mind and explain how a systemic failure to distinguish between different levels of analysis has led to profound misunderstandings of not only evolutionary psychology but also of the entire cognitivist enterprise of approaching the mind at the level of the mechanism. We furthermore suggest that confusions between different levels of analysis are endemic throughout the psychological sciences—extending well beyond issues of modularity and evolutionary psychology. Therefore, researchers in all areas should take preventive measures to avoid this confusion in the future.

Challenges of Fear Conditioning Research in the Age of RDoC

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Jan Richter
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. As the criticism of the definition of the phenotype (i.e., clinical diagnosis) represents the major focus of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, it is somewhat surprising that discussions have not yet focused more on specific conceptual and procedural considerations of the suggested RDoC constructs, sub-constructs, and associated paradigms. We argue that we need more precise thinking as well as a conceptual and methodological discussion of RDoC domains and constructs, their interrelationships as well as their experimental operationalization and nomenclature. The present work is intended to start such a debate using fear conditioning as an example. Thereby, we aim to provide thought-provoking impulses on the role of fear conditioning in the age of RDoC as well as conceptual and methodological considerations and suggestions to guide RDoC-based fear conditioning research in the future.

Development and Evaluation of Fuzzy Criteria for the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-P. Adlassnig ◽  
G. Kolarz ◽  
H. Leitich
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
American Rheumatism Association ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Sensitivity Rate ◽  
Fuzzy Techniques ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Specificity Rate

Abstract:In 1987, the American Rheumatism Association issued a set of criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to provide a uniform definition of RA patients. Fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic were used to transform this set of criteria into a diagnostic tool that offers diagnoses at different levels of confidence: a definite level, which was consistent with the original criteria definition, as well as several possible and superdefinite levels. Two fuzzy models and a reference model which provided results at a definite level only were applied to 292 clinical cases from a hospital for rheumatic diseases. At the definite level, all models yielded a sensitivity rate of 72.6% and a specificity rate of 87.0%. Sensitivity and specificity rates at the possible levels ranged from 73.3% to 85.6% and from 83.6% to 87.0%. At the superdefinite levels, sensitivity rates ranged from 39.0% to 63.7% and specificity rates from 90.4% to 95.2%. Fuzzy techniques were helpful to add flexibility to preexisting diagnostic criteria in order to obtain diagnoses at the desired level of confidence.

Ways and Voices in the Psychoanalysis of Links According to Enrique Pichon-Rivière

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Jaitin
Keyword(s):  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Different Levels

This article covers several stages of the work of Pichon-Rivière. In the 1950s he introduced the hypothesis of "the link as a four way relationship" (of reciprocal love and hate) between the baby and the mother. Clinical work with psychosis and psychosomatic disorders prompted him to examine how mental illness arises; its areas of expression, the degree of symbolisation, and the different fields of clinical observation. From the 1960s onwards, his experience with groups and families led him to explore a second path leading to "the voices of the link"—the voice of the internal family sub-group, and the place of the social and cultural voice where the link develops. This brought him to the definition of the link as a "bi-corporal and tri-personal structure". The author brings together the different levels of the analysis of the link, using as a clinical example the process of a psychoanalytic couple therapy with second generation descendants of a genocide within the limits of the transferential and countertransferential field. Body language (the core of the transgenerational link) and the couple's absences and presence during sessions create a rhythm that gives rise to an illusion, ultimately transforming the intersubjective link between the partners in the couple and with the analyst.

Principles of economic security management of institutions of higher education

2019 ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Nataliia Tsymbalenko
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University

The subject of research-theoretical concepts of economic security managementof universities. The purpose of the article. The study of the essence of the economicsecurity management system of the university and the definition of its main tasks,the formulation of principles of economic security management of the university.Methodology. The dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, methodsof structural-logical and semantic analysis were used to study and summarizescientific papers on the research topic. The results of the work. The essence of theuniversity’s economic security management system has been reviewed. The maintasks of the control system have been identified. A definition of the university’seconomic security system has been proposed. Principles of management of economicsecurity of the university have been formulated. These are: scientific andorganizational and social principles. Conclusions. The proposed principles allow totake into account the economic role and social mission of universities in managingeconomic security.

Neuroethics

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Wearable Technologies ◽  
Definition Of Death ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
The Future ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Criteria

We have new answers to how the brain works and tools which can now monitor and manipulate brain function. Rapid advances in neuroscience raise critical questions with which society must grapple. What new balances must be struck between diagnosis and prediction, and invasive and noninvasive interventions? Are new criteria needed for the clinical definition of death in cases where individuals are eligible for organ donation? How will new mobile and wearable technologies affect the future of growing children and aging adults? To what extent is society responsible for protecting populations at risk from environmental neurotoxins? As data from emerging technologies converge and are made available on public databases, what frameworks and policies will maximize benefits while ensuring privacy of health information? And how can people and communities with different values and perspectives be maximally engaged in these important questions? Neuroethics: Anticipating the Future is written by scholars from diverse disciplines—neurology and neuroscience, ethics and law, public health, sociology, and philosophy. With its forward-looking insights and considerations for the future, the book examines the most pressing current ethical issues.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document