Metacognitive diversity across cultures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joëlle Proust ◽  
Martin Fortier
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
The Self ◽  
Metacognitive Skills ◽  
Childrearing Practices ◽  
Potential Factors

This book collects essays on linguistics, on anthropology, on philosophy, on developmental, experimental, and social psychology, and on the neurosciences, with the aim of integrating knowledge about the variability of metacognitive skills across cultures, and of identifying the potential factors accounting for such variability—such as childrearing practices, linguistic syntax and semantics, beliefs about the self, and rituals. In this introductory chapter, the main reasons that make this topic scientifically and culturally important are presented.

Social Psychology of Health as a Social-Psychological Situation

2014 ◽  
pp. 331-335
Author(s):  
Maria Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
The Impact

In this chapter, the author examines the concept of health situations and situations of disease, and suggests a classification of health situations depending on the impact of health on the self-realization of a human in social relationships.

Mead, George Herbert (1863–1931)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Joas
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
John Dewey ◽  
William James ◽  
The Self ◽  
George Herbert ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
George Herbert Mead ◽  
American Pragmatism ◽  
Charles Peirce ◽  
Infantile Development

Together with Charles Peirce, William James and John Dewey, George Herbert Mead is considered one of the classic representatives of American pragmatism. He is most famous for his ideas about the specificities of human communication and sociality and about the genesis of the ‘self’ in infantile development. By developing these ideas, Mead became one of the founders of social psychology and – mostly via his influence on the school of symbolic interactionism – one of the most influential figures in contemporary sociology. Compared to that enormous influence, other parts of his philosophical work are relatively neglected.

scholarly journals Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ozan Ozavci
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
The Self ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Eastern Question ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

The Introductory chapter discusses the overarching question of the book: how did it all begin? Since when did the self-defined Great Powers of the nineteenth century––Austria, Britain, France, Prussia, and Russia––come to assume responsibility for providing security in the Levant. Why? The Introduction traces the answer of these questions to the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and maintains that Great Power interventions in the nineteenth-century Levant need to be considered not only in reference to their immediate causes, theatres, and implications. It is essential to take into account the continuity that European and Levantine actors saw in regional affairs from the late eighteenth century through until at least the mid-nineteenth. There is a need to foreground the persistent patterns or cultures of security within which violence was generated and sustained, and how the quest for security acted as an organizing principle of international relations. It also discusses the importance of considering these interventions in the fabric of the Eastern Question. It invites the readers to view the latter not only as a European question, as the existing literature has us believe, but also as an Ottoman question, whereby the agency of the Ottoman ministers and other local actors was more central than has been documented.

scholarly journals Student - Volunteer: Aspect of Self-Realization Value in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (Especial) ◽  
pp. 168-180
Author(s):  
Olga G. Tavstukha ◽  
Rosalina V. Shagieva ◽  
Artur M. Allagulov ◽  
Yakub A. Ayakoz ◽  
Rashad A. Kurbanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Student Volunteer ◽  
Value Model

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the issues of social capital and mutual aid networks become particularly relevant for the student volunteer in Russia, who independently and, at their own discretion, provides assistance, support and mutual aid. To people in need, as a vital incentive for self-realization. This research aimed to identify the motivating aspects of the need for self-realization of a student volunteer in practical activities to overcome COVID-19. The study method was the test, which allows to identify the characteristics of the content of the value aspects of the self-realization of the volunteer student, determined by the global context of crisis. By way of conclusion, the characteristics of the coronavirus pandemic are revealed as an extraordinary condition for the activity of a student volunteer. Based on the results of the study, a self-realization value model of a volunteer student is confirmed in the extraordinary conditions of the coronavirus pandemic. The practical importance of the model is demonstrated with the help of cognitive criteria typical of activity-based social psychology for the formation of value aspects of the self-realization of a volunteer student.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Van Buskirk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Biographical Sketch ◽  
World War ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
English Speaking World

This introductory chapter begins with a review of the works of Lydia Ginzburg. Ginzburg came of age soon after the Revolutions of 1917 as the most talented student of the Russian Formalists. For seven decades, she wrote about the reality of daily life and historical change in Soviet Russia. Yet in the English-speaking world, she is still known primarily as a literary scholar and as a “memoirist” of the siege of Leningrad during World War II. The chapter then sets out the book's focus, namely to investigate Ginzburg's concept of the self in the wake of the crisis of invidualism: a self that is called “post-individualist.” An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented followed by a biographical sketch of Ginzburg.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Lilly Irani
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The Self ◽  
Innovation And Entrepreneurship ◽  
Oppositional Politics

This introductory chapter provides an overview of entrepreneurial citizenship. Entrepreneurial citizenship promises that citizens can construct markets, produce value, and do nation building all at the same time. It attempts to hail people's diverse visions for development in India—desires citizens could channel toward oppositional politics—and directs them toward the production of enterprise. In this way, entrepreneurial citizenship becomes one attempt at hegemony, a common sense that casts the interests of ruling classes as everyone's interests. However, this entrepreneurialism is not only a project of the self but also a project that posits relations between selves and those they govern, guide, and employ. Champions of innovation and entrepreneurship often leave this hierarchy implicit or deny its existence, leaving the problems it raises unaddressed. This book depicts the practices by which institutions, organizations, and individuals selectively invest only in some people, some aspirations, and some projects in the name of development.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Yaacob Dweck
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Truth Value ◽  
Sephardic Diaspora

This introductory chapter provides a background of Jacob Sasportas. Around 1610, Sasportas was born in Oran, a garrison town at the edge of the Iberian Empire on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa in present day Algeria. The scion of a rabbinic family, Sasportas served the Jews of Oran and nearby Tlemcen as a rabbinic judge for several decades. In his early forties, he was exiled from North Africa for reasons that remain unknown, and fled to Amsterdam. For almost half a century, Sasportas lived among the Portuguese Jews of the Sephardic Diaspora. In 1665, he emerged as one of the few opponents to the provocative persona of Sabbetai Zevi, the self-proclaimed Messiah who became the center of a mass movement. From his temporary home in Hamburg, he conducted a vigorous campaign first to challenge and later to undermine the messianic claims of Sabbetai Zevi and Nathan of Gaza, keeping a meticulous record of Sabbatianism as it was occurring. This book asks why Sasportas would oppose a messianic movement and what the substance of this opposition is. In other words, it explores the truth-value of doubt within the rabbinic tradition as it was expressed by one man living in the midst of a maelstrom.

Segregation

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Molly W. Metzger ◽  
Henry S. Webber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Self ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Housing Segregation ◽  
Fair Housing Act ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The 1960S

The introductory chapter to the book situates current housing segregation within a historical context. The chapter begins with a comparison of the current moment in housing to the circumstances preceding the signing of the 1968 Fair Housing Act. The chapter then presents a snapshot of demographic continuity and change since the 1960s, including a description of patterns of segregation along lines of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. An argument is presented for why all residents of the United States should care about housing segregation: segregation fundamentally impedes shared economic prosperity, frays the fabric of US democracy, and calls into question the self-defining notion of equality of opportunity. The chapter closes with a preview of subsequent chapters in this volume, which provide frameworks for understanding the problem of segregation as well as proposed policy solutions.

Self and IdentityDynamics of Persons and Their Situations

2012 ◽  
pp. 262-286
Author(s):  
Jennifer Crocker ◽  
Amy Canevello
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Reciprocal Influence ◽  
Self And Identity ◽  
Dispositional Characteristics ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Over Time

In this chapter, we examine how the self both creates and results from experience—both its high points and low points. At a metatheoretical level, we consider how social and personality psychologists typically conceive of and study the self, drawing on the topic of self-esteem to illustrate typical views of the self as dispositional characteristics of persons, the product of situations, or the interaction between them. This person × situation framework has stimulated a great deal of research and had considerable heuristic value for social and personality psychologists who study the self and identity. However, because it views both the person and the situation as static rather than the result of dynamic processes, it fails to account for how people and situations mutually create each other in a process that unfolds over time. Through dynamic processes of reciprocal influence between persons and situations, self and identity can change surprisingly rapidly—change sustained by the situations people create for themselves over time. We consider methodological approaches in personality and social psychology to test these dynamic models of self and identity.

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