scholarly journals Vulnerability to depression: A moderated mediation model of the roles of child maltreatment, peer victimization, and serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region genetic variation among children from low socioeconomic status backgrounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne M. Banny ◽  
Dante Cicchetti ◽  
Fred A. Rogosch ◽  
Assaf Oshri ◽  
Nicki R. Crick
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractChild maltreatment, peer victimization, and a polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) were examined as predictors of depressive symptomatology. Children (Mage = 11.26,SD= 1.65), including 156 maltreated and 145 nonmaltreated children from comparable low socioeconomic backgrounds, provided DNA samples and self-reports of relational peer victimization, overt peer victimization, and depressive symptoms. Path analysis showed that relational and overt victimization mediated the association between child maltreatment and depressive symptoms. Bootstrapping procedures were used to test moderated mediation and demonstrated that genotype moderated the indirect effects of relational and overt victimization on child depressive symptoms, such that victimized children with the long/long variation were at an increased risk for depressive symptoms compared to victimized children carrying a short allele. Results highlight the utility of examining process models that incorporate biological and psychological factors contributing to the development of depressive symptomatology and provide direction toward understanding and promoting resilience among high-risk youth from a multiple levels of analysis approach.

Child maltreatment and vulnerability to depression

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheree L. Toth ◽  
Jody Todd Manly ◽  
Dante Cicchetti
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis investigation explored differences in depressive symptomatology among low-socioeconomic status children aged 7–12 years from abusive (N = 46), neglectful (N = 35), and nonmaltreating (N = 72) homes. Measures of aggression and self-esteem also were included. Children from abusive homes evidenced significantly more depressive symptomatology than children from either neglectful or nonmaltreating families. Additionally, children from physically abusive homes exhibited lower self-esteem than did nonmaltreated children. While significant differences among groups on aggression did not emerge, all groups evidenced higher levels of acting out behaviors than would be expected in a nonclinic group of children. Results were discussed in terms of the effects of physical abuse on depression and the importance of intervening to prevent the deleterious effects of abuse. Additionally, the impact of neglect and poverty status on the presence of aggression was discussed.

Interactions of child maltreatment and serotonin transporter and monoamine oxidase A polymorphisms: Depressive symptomatology among adolescents from low socioeconomic status backgrounds

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1161-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante Cicchetti ◽  
Fred A. Rogosch ◽  
Melissa L. Sturge-Apple
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Gene Environment

AbstractChild maltreatment and polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genes were examined in relation to depressive symptomatology. Adolescents (Mage = 16.7 years) from low socioeconomic backgrounds with a history of child maltreatment (n= 207) or no such history (n= 132) were interviewed and provided buccal cells for genetic analysis. Gene × environment interactions were observed. Heightened depressive symptoms were found only among extensively maltreated youth with lowMAOAactivity. Among comparably maltreated youth with highMAOAactivity, self-coping strategies related to lower symptoms. Sexual abuse and the5-HTT short/shortgenotype predicted higher depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. This Gene × Environment interaction was further moderated byMAOAactivity level. The results highlight the protective functions of genetic polymorphisms and coping strategies in high risk youth and offer direction for understanding resilience and its promotion from a multiple levels of analysis perspective.

scholarly journals Inhibitory control mediates the interaction between serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) and peer victimization on adolescent depressive symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Lin ◽  
Yanmiao Cao ◽  
Linqin Ji ◽  
Wenxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Serotonin Transporter Gene ◽  
Transporter Gene ◽  
Chinese Han ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Adolescent Depressive Symptoms

AbstractMany efforts have been devoted to investigating the effect of the interaction between the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) and environment (G × E) on depression, but they yield mixed results. The inconsistency has suggested that G × E effects may be more complex than originally conceptualized, and further study is warranted. This study explored the association among 5-HTTLPR, peer victimization and depressive symptoms and the underlying mediating role of inhibitory control in this association. A total of 871 Chinese Han adolescents (Mage = 15.32 years, 50.3% girls) participated and provided saliva samples from which the 5-HTTLPR was genotyped. This study found that 5-HTTLPR interacted with peer victimization in predicting depressive symptoms. Adolescents carrying L allele reported more depressive symptoms than SS carriers when exposed to higher level of peer victimization. Furthermore, adolescents’ inhibitory control deficits mediated the association between 5-HTTLPR × peer victimization and depressive symptoms. These findings suggested that one pathway in which G × E may confer vulnerability to depressive symptoms is through disruptions to adolescents’ inhibitory control system.

Exploring the effects of physical punishment on aggressive behavior and peer victimization: a conditional process analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Söderberg ◽  
Kaj Bjorkqvist ◽  
Karin Österman
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conditional Process Analysis

Purpose – Recent studies indicate that exposure to physical punishment is associated with both aggressive behavior and peer victimization at school. The purpose of this paper is to explore the bidirectional relationship between aggressive behavior and peer victimization as outcomes of physical punishment, as well as the role of depressive symptoms. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 2,424 Finnish upper primary school pupils (1,282 girls, 1,148 boys, mean age=14.2, SD=1.0) completed an online survey during class. Two conditional process models were applied using a macro for SPSS developed by Hayes (2012). Findings – Exposure to physical punishment was found to be associated with both aggressive behavior and peer victimization at school. The effect on victimization was partially mediated by aggressive behavior and depressive symptoms, whereas the effect on aggressive behavior was partially mediated by peer victimization experiences but not by depressive symptoms. The relationship between physical punishment and peer victimization was somewhat stronger for girls than for boys, but this effect was not accounted for by gender differences in depressive symptoms or aggressive behavior. Originality/value – Few studies to date have addressed the connection between aggressive behavior and peer victimization as outcomes of physical punishment. In addition, the study expands on the concept of “victim personality” by examining the mediating role of depressive symptoms. Methodologically, the study is an example of how the statistical software SPSS can be used for multiple mediation and conditional process analysis as an alternative to SEM analyses.

Growth of Escherichia coli and Concentration of Iron in an Infant Feeding Formula

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1072-1074
Author(s):  
Robert S. Baltimore ◽  
John S. Vecchitto ◽  
Howard A. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Serious Infection ◽  
Increased Risk

Iron deficiency reaches epidemic proportions in infants, particularly those of low socioeconomic status.1 In an attempt to decrease the frequency of this deficiency, iron fortification of infant cereals and cow's milk formulas has been advocated.2 Although the prevention of iron deficiency is a valid nutritional goal, concern has recently been voiced about possible detrimental effects of iron supplementation.3,1 This concern has been based on studies indicating an association between hyperferremia and serious infection,3,6 and also by denionstrations that the bacteriostatic properties of serum and milk can be abolished by the addition of iron.7,8 These findings have been extrapolated into suggestions that the iron supplementation of cow's milk formulas might predispose the infants consuming them to an increased risk of bacterial infection and even that ironcontaining formulas might be contraindicated.4

scholarly journals Association between Carbohydrate Intake and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Women

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3098
Author(s):  
Young-Ae Cho ◽  
Jeong-Hwa Choi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Carbohydrates consist of a large proportion of calories in the Asian diet. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between carbohydrate intake and metabolic syndrome in Korean women. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted with a total of 4294 Korean women aged 40–69 years from the Korean Genomic and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Carbohydrate intake was calculated based on a validated food frequency questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was defined by using the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEPIII). Logistic regression was used to estimate the association of carbohydrate intake with metabolic syndrome and its components. In this study, high carbohydrate intake seemed to be associated with low socioeconomic status and an imbalanced diet. After adjusting for confounding factors, subjects with higher carbohydrate intake showed an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio (OR) 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.66, p-trend = 0.004, highest vs. lowest quartile [≥75.2 vs. <67.0% of energy]), particularly elevated waist circumference. This association was stronger among those with low levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and those with low dairy intake. In conclusion, higher carbohydrate intake is associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome, particularly abdominal obesity, in Korean women. This association may differ according to individuals’ CRP level and dairy intake.

Perceived Family and Friend Support Moderate Pathways From Peer Victimization to Substance Use in Early-Adolescent Girls and Boys: A Moderated-Mediation Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Vannucci ◽  
Tessa R. Fagle ◽  
Emily G. Simpson ◽  
Christine McCauley Ohannessian
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Friend Support ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined gender differences in a moderated-mediation model examining whether perceived social support moderated depressive symptom and academic achievement mediation pathways from peer victimization to substance use among 1,334 U.S. early adolescents (11-14 years, 50% girls, 51% White). Surveys were administered in schools at three 6-month intervals. Multiple group analyses suggested that the moderated-mediation model differed for boys and girls. Indirect effects suggested that declines in academic achievement mediated the relationship between peer victimization and substance use for girls and boys, while elevated depressive symptoms mediated this relationship for girls only. Higher family and friend support attenuated the relationship between overt victimization and academic achievement for boys and between relational victimization and depressive symptoms for girls. These findings implicate two risk pathways that account for why peer victimization enhances substance use risk and emphasize the importance of perceived support following peer victimization during early adolescence. Gender differences require replication.

scholarly journals Relation of Sociodemographics and Personal Hygiene on Different Childhood Dermatoses

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
E Gauchan ◽  
A Kumar ◽  
G BK ◽  
P Thapa ◽  
J Pun
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Skin diseases in children contribute to significant morbidity and psychological distress. Infective dermatoses are one of the major dermatoses in children. Low socioeconomic status, overcrowding and poor personal hygiene has been linked to skin diseases.Objective To find out the prevalence of infectious skin disease in children, rate of transmissible skin disease and association of sociodemographic factors and personal hygiene on infective childhood dermatoses.Method This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Pediatric and Dermatology Department, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. A total of 226 patients were examined over a period of one year. Relation of sociodemographics, crowding and personal hygiene on skin disease were assessed.Result The most common category was Infections and Infestations (51.3%) followed by Dermatitis (27.9%) . Transmissible skin disease was seen in 49.6%. Low socioeconomic status and overcrowding were associated with increased risk for infective dermatoses.Conclusion Skin disease in children constitutes a public health problem. Improving the socioeconomic status and personal hygiene can help to reduce the incidence of skin disease in children.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.13(1) 2015; 29-33

Prolonged elevations in haemostatic and rheological responses following psychological stress in low socioeconomic status men and women

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Kunz-Ebrecht ◽  
Ann Rumley ◽  
Gordon Lowe ◽  
Andrew Steptoe
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Increased Risk

SummaryLow socioeconomic status (SES) and psychological stress are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease, and both may influence haemostatic responses. Von Willebrand factor (vWF), Factor VIII, plasma viscosity, haematocrit, blood viscosity, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and fibrin D-dimer were measured at rest and following stressful tasks in 238 middle-aged British civil servants. SES was defined by grade of employment. Lower SES was associated with higher resting vWF, Factor VIII and plasma viscosity. Psychological stress stimulated increases in haemostatic and rheological factors. Initial stress responses did not vary with SES, but Factor VIII, plasma viscosity and blood viscosity remained more elevated 45 minutes post-stress in lower SES participants. High blood pressure stress reactivity was also associated with greater haemostatic responses. We conclude that lower SES is characterised by more prolonged elevations in procoagulant responses following psychological stress, and that these processes might contribute to increased cardiac risk.

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