Informants’ ratings of activity level in infancy predict ADHD symptoms and diagnoses in childhood

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that high activity levels in infancy would predict self-regulatory problems and later symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a longitudinal study of British families (N = 321). Infants’ activity levels were assessed at 6 months, using 3 informants’ reports from the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) and ActiGraphs during baseline, attention, and restraint tasks. At a mean of 33 months, the children were assessed on self-regulatory tasks; at a mean of 36 months, 3 informants reported symptoms of ADHD. At a mean of 7.0 years, the children were assessed on executive function tasks; 3 informants reported on the child's symptoms of ADHD; and diagnoses of disorder were obtained using the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment. Informants’ reports of high activity levels at 6 months predicted ADHD symptoms in early childhood and diagnoses of ADHD with clinical impairment at age 7. The IBQ activity scale was also associated with the children's later performance on self-regulation tasks in early and middle childhood. Activity level in infancy reflects normal variation and is not a sign of psychopathology; however, these findings suggest that further study of the correlates of high activity level in infancy may help identify those children most at risk for disorder.

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625 The association between circadian rhythms and psychosocial functioning in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.623 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A245-A245

Author(s):

Xiao Li ◽

Ka Sin Caroline Shea ◽

Lok Fan Lau ◽

Ching Kwong Dino Wong ◽

Waiyan Vivian Chiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Emotional Problems ◽

Activity Level ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Rest Activity

Abstract Introduction Circadian rhythm disturbances, including delayed circadian rhythm and increased motor activity, are commonly seen in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous research suggested a link between circadian rhythm disturbances and poor psychosocial functioning in children, but such a relationship has not been examined in children with ADHD. This study aimed at examining the association between circadian-related parameters and psychosocial functioning in children with ADHD. Methods Seventy-nine children with ADHD were recruited into this study (age range: 6–12 years, 75.9% male). They were assessed by parent-report questionnaires on sleep problems (Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire, CSHQ), ADHD symptoms (Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behaviour Scale, SWAN), and psychosocial functioning (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ). Actigraphic data collected for seven consecutive days were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric methods. The relationship between circadian parameters and psychosocial functioning was analyzed using multiple regression while controlling for age, sex, ADHD medication, total sleep time, and CSHQ total score. Results Later acrophase was significantly associated with higher scores on SDQ emotional problems (St. β = 0.30, p = 0.03) and SWAN inattention subscale (St. β = 0.27, p = 0.043). Lower relative amplitude was associated with higher scores on SDQ hyperactivity symptoms (St. β = -0.29, p = 0.045) and SDQ total difficulties (St. β = -0.31, p = 0.036). Higher levels of mean activity level during the least active 5-h period (L5) were related to higher scores on SDQ peer problems (St. β = 0.38, p = 0.021), SDQ internalizing problems (St. β = 0.38, p = 0.020) and SDQ total difficulties (St. β = 0.33, p = 0.036). Later onset of L5 was associated with increased SDQ emotional problems (St. β = 0.26, p = 0.046). Conclusion Circadian rest-activity rhythm disturbances (delayed phase, blunted rest-activity rhythms, higher level of nocturnal activity, and later onset of nocturnal rest) were associated with poor psychosocial functioning in children with ADHD. Further longitudinal studies are needed to examine the effects of circadian disruption on psychosocial functioning in children with ADHD. Support (if any) This work was supported by the Health and Medical Research Fund (Project No.: 30160604).

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Pre-Pregnancy Weight and Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Executive Functioning Behaviors in Preschool Children

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16040667 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 667 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bernard Fuemmeler ◽

Nancy Zucker ◽

Yaou Sheng ◽

Carmen Sanchez ◽

Rachel Maguire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Child Neurodevelopment ◽

Pregnancy Weight

This study examines pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) in relation to early childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms and related executive self-regulation behaviors. The analyses sample (n = 331) included a subsample of participants from a birth cohort recruited from prenatal clinics and hospital facilities from April 2005 to June 2011 in Durham, North Carolina. Pre-pregnancy BMI was calculated from weight at the last menstrual period and height was extracted from medical records. Gestational weight gain was calculated from pre-pregnancy weight and weight measured at the time of delivery. ADHD symptoms and executive self-regulation behaviors were assessed by maternal report (mean age = 3 years). Multivariable regression methods with inverse probability weighting (IPW) were used to evaluate associations accounting for sample selection bias and confounding. Pre-pregnancy BMI at levels ≥35 was positively associated with higher ADHD symptoms and worse executive self-regulation behaviors (inhibitory control and attention). Compared to adequate GWG, less than adequate GWG was related to more ADHD hyperactive-impulsive symptoms, whereas greater than adequate GWG was related to more problematic behaviors related to working memory and planning. The findings support a link between maternal weight and child neurodevelopment. Continued research that help identify biological mechanisms are needed.

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Gender Disparity in Structured Physical Activity and Overall Activity Level in Adolescence: Evaluation of Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Data

ISRN Public Health ◽

10.5402/2012/674936 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Clare M. Lenhart ◽

Alexandra Hanlon ◽

Youjeong Kang ◽

Brian P. Daly ◽

Michael D. Brown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

High Activity ◽

Risk Behavior ◽

Gender Disparity ◽

Activity Level ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Sports Teams ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Highly Active ◽

Youth Risk Behavior

Background. Adolescent girls are less likely to meet physical activity recommendations than boys. This study examined the relative contribution of structured physical activity opportunities including physical education (PE) class and sports teams to overall activity levels for girls and boys. Methods. Data from 591 9th–12th grade students who completed the 2009 Philadelphia Youth Risk Behavior Survey were examined. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between PE and sports teams and physical activity levels. Models were stratified by gender to estimate gender differences. Results. Girls were less likely to be active than boys: 27.9% of girls were sedentary as compared to 10.6% of boys. PE class was not related to activity levels among boys, while highly active girls were seven times more likely to participate in daily PE than were sedentary girls. Playing on one or more sports teams was associated with low-moderate and high activity in girls; among boys, sports team participation was only associated with high activity. Conclusions. The structured physical activity opportunities of PE and sports teams may contribute more to overall activity levels in girls than boys. A more rigorous assessment of this hypothesis is warranted to inform efforts to promote activity levels in girls.

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A scalable, satellite-transmitted data product for monitoring high-activity events in mobile aquatic animals

Animal Biotelemetry ◽

10.1186/s40317-020-00220-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rachel A. Skubel ◽

Kenady Wilson ◽

Yannis P. Papastamatiou ◽

Hannah J. Verkamp ◽

James A. Sulikowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

High Activity ◽

Activity Level ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Accelerometer Data ◽

Data Logger ◽

Activity Data ◽

Aquatic Animals ◽

Receiver Array ◽

In The Wild

AbstractA growing number of studies are using accelerometers to examine activity level patterns in aquatic animals. However, given the amount of data generated from accelerometers, most of these studies use loggers that archive acceleration data, thus requiring physical recovery of the loggers or acoustic transmission from within a receiver array to obtain the data. These limitations have restricted the duration of tracking (ranging from hours to days) and/or type of species studied (e.g., relatively sessile species or those returning to predictable areas). To address these logistical challenges, we present and test a satellite-transmitted metric for the remote monitoring of changes in activity, measured via a pop-off satellite archival tag (PSAT) with an integrated accelerometer. Along with depth, temperature, and irradiance for geolocation, the PSAT transmits activity data as a time-series (ATS) with a user-programmable resolution. ATS is a count of high-activity events, relative to overall activity/mobility during a summary period. An algorithm is used to identify the high-activity events from accelerometer data and reports the data as a count per time-series interval. Summary statistics describing the data used to identify high-activity events accompany the activity time-series. In this study, we first tested the ATS activity metric through simulating PSAT output from accelerometer data logger archives, comparing ATS to vectorial dynamic body acceleration. Next, we deployed PSATs with ATS under captive conditions with cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Lastly, we deployed seven pop-off satellite archival tags (PSATs) able to collect and transmit ATS in the wild on adult sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus). In the captive trials, we identified both resting and non-resting behavior for species and used logistic regression to compare ATS values with observed activity levels. In captive cobia, ATS was a significant predictor of observed activity levels. For 30-day wild deployments on sandbar sharks, satellites received 57.4–73.2% of the transmitted activity data. Of these ATS datapoints, between 21.9 and 41.2% of records had a concurrent set of temperature, depth, and light measurements. These results suggest that ATS is a practical metric for remotely monitoring and transmitting relative high-activity data in large-bodied aquatic species with variable activity levels, under changing environmental conditions, and across broad spatiotemporal scales.

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Comparison of doubly labeled water with respirometry at low- and high-activity levels

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1988.65.1.53 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 53-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

K. R. Westerterp ◽

F. Brouns ◽

W. H. Saris ◽

F. ten Hoor

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

High Activity ◽

Bicycle Ergometer ◽

Activity Level ◽

Level Energy ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Doubly Labeled Water ◽

Energy Expenditures ◽

Doubly Labeled Water Method

In previous studies the doubly labeled water method for measuring energy expenditure in free-living humans has been validated against respirometry under sedentary conditions. In the present investigation, energy expenditure is measured simultaneously with doubly labeled water and respirometry at low- and high-activity levels. Over 6 days, five subjects were measured doing mainly sedentary activities like desk work; their average daily metabolic rate was 1.40 +/- 0.09 (SD) times sleeping metabolic rate. Four subjects were measured twice over 3.5 days, including 2 days with heavy bicycle ergometer work, resulting in an average daily metabolic rate of 2.61 +/- 0.25 (SD) times sleeping metabolic rate. At the low-activity level, energy expenditures from the doubly labeled water method were on the average 1.4 +/- 3.9% (SD) larger than those from respirometry. At the high-activity level, the doubly labeled water method yielded values that were 1.0 +/- 7.0% (SD) lower than those from respirometry. Results demonstrate the utility of the doubly labeled water method for the determination of energy expenditure in the range of activity levels in daily life.

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Precision Medicine Care in ADHD: The Case for Neural Excitation and Inhibition

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11010091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Ping C. Mamiya ◽

Anne B. Arnett ◽

Mark A. Stein

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Precision Medicine ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽

Activity Level ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Trial And Error ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Neural Excitation ◽

Core Symptoms

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has become increasingly prevalent worldwide. Its core symptoms, including difficulties regulating attention, activity level, and impulses, appear in early childhood and can persist throughout the lifespan. Current pharmacological options targeting catecholamine neurotransmissions have effectively alleviated symptoms in some, but not all affected individuals, leaving clinicians to implement trial-and-error approach to treatment. In this review, we discuss recent experimental evidence from both preclinical and human studies that suggest imbalance of excitation/inhibition (E/I) in the fronto-striatal circuitry during early development may lead to enduring neuroanatomical abnormality of the circuitry, causing persistence of ADHD symptoms in adulthood. We propose a model of precision medicine care that includes E/I balance as a candidate biomarker for ADHD, development of GABA-modulating medications, and use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and scalp electrophysiology methods to monitor the effects of treatments on shifting E/I balance throughout the lifespan.

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Hemispheric asymmetry in field-aligned and ionospheric horizontal currents from the Swarm satellite measurements

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9644 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abiyot Workayehu ◽

Heikki Vanhamäki ◽

Anita Aikio

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

High Activity ◽

Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽

Current System ◽

Activity Level ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Hemispheric Differences ◽

High Activity Level ◽

Low Activity ◽

Seasonal Dependence

We present statistical investigation of the high-latitude ionospheric current systems in the Northern hemisphere (NH) and Southern hemisphere (SH) during low (Kp < 2) and high (Kp &#8805; 2) geomagnetic activity levels. Nearly four years of vector magnetic field measurements are analyzed from the two parallel flying Swarm A and C satellites using the spherical elementary current system (SECS) method. The ionospheric horizontal and field-aligned currents (FACs) for each auroral oval crossing are calculated. The mean values of FACs, as well as the horizontal curl-free (CF) and divergence-free (DF) currents in 1o magnetic latitude by 1 h magnetic local time grid cells,&#160;are calculated for each hemisphere and activity level. To estimate the NH/SH current ratios for the two activity levels, we remove seasonal bias in the number of samples and in the Kp distribution by bootstrap resampling. Averaging over all seasons, we found that for the low activity level the currents in the NH are stronger than in the SH by 12 &#177; 4 % for FAC, 9 &#177; 2% for the horizontal CF current and 8 &#177; 2% for the horizontal DF current. During the high activity level, the hemispheric differences are not statistically significant. When making the statistical analysis for the four seasons separately, we find a seasonal dependence in the hemispheric asymmetry. During low Kp conditions, both FACs and horizontal currents are larger in the NH than SH with the largest difference observed in winter. In winter, the currents in the NH are larger than the SH by 21 &#177; 5 % &#160;for FAC, 14 &#177; 3% for the horizontal CF current and 10&#177;3% &#160;for the horizontal DF current. During the high activity level, the asymmetry is smaller compared to the low activity level with the largest and smallest hemispheric differences observed in autumn and summer, respectively. In autumn, the currents in the NH are larger than the SH by 8 &#177; 5% &#160;for FAC, 9 &#177; 2% &#160;for the horizontal CF current and 8 &#177; 3% &#160;for the horizontal DF current. Interestingly, during high Kp conditions, the NH/SH ratio of horizontal current is >1 in autumn and <1 in spring. The physical mechanism producing the hemispheric asymmetry is not known. One hypothesis is that the local ionospheric conditions, such as magnetic field strength or daily variations in insolation may play a role. We present preliminary results indicating that only a small part of the seasonal dependence in the NH/SH total current ratios can be explained by variations in the background conductances caused by solar irradiance and affected by local hemispheric values of the magnetic field.&#160;&#160;&#160;

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What is The Impact of PAO Surgery on Patient Function and Activity Levels?

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967118s00150 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (7_suppl4) ◽

pp. 2325967118S0015

Author(s):

Jeff Petrie ◽

Tonya An ◽

Perry Schoenecker ◽

Ira Zaltz ◽

Young-Jo Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Activity ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Activity Level ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Ucla Activity Score ◽

Activity Groups ◽

The Impact ◽

Pao Surgery

Objectives: The Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is becoming a widely utilized procedure. Patients are younger, highly active, and may desire to return to sport activity. Counseling and managing expectations in these patients is challenging as there is limited information regarding activity level after PAO. The purpose of this study was to analyze physical activity levels after PAO in a large, prospective multicenter cohort. Methods: Assessment of prospectively collected data from a multicenter group included 456 hips treated by PAO for hip dysplasia. After exclusions, 359 hips (80 male, 279 female) remained with a mean age of 25.9 years and mean BMI of 25. Demographics, radiographic measures, and clinical outcomes were evaluated preoperatively, at 1 year follow-up, and at minimum 2 years postoperatively (mean 44.9 months). Activity level was assessed with the University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score, patients were stratified into low, moderate, and high activity groups based on preoperative function. Descriptive statistics and linear regressions were performed for the primary outcome of change in UCLA. Results: UCLA scores were improved on average 0.6 points at final follow up (p = 0.001). When stratified, the low activity and moderate activity groups had significant improvement in UCLA scores (p<.0001 and p=0007) while the high activity group saw a decrease in UCLA scores (p<.0001). mHHS, HOOS Pain, and HOOS Sports and Recreation scores were significantly improved across all activity levels. Univariable linear regression analysis identified prior ipsilateral surgery, arthroscopy at time of PAO, and preoperative ACEA to be predictors of the change in UCLA score (p<0.05). With the multivariable model, the effect of prior ispilateral surgery was maintained (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The data suggests that improvements in activity level and function can be expected following PAO surgery, with greater gains experienced by patients with lower preoperative level of activity. [Figure: see text][Figure: see text]

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Basic numerical processing, calculation, and working memory in children with dyscalculia and/or ADHD symptoms

Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1024/1422-4917/a000450 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 365-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jörg-Tobias Kuhn ◽

Elena Ise ◽

Julia Raddatz ◽

Christin Schwenk ◽

Christian Dobel

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Verbal Working Memory ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Cognitive Profiles ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Memory Processing ◽

Numerical Processing ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Neurocognitive Measures

Abstract. Objective: Deficits in basic numerical skills, calculation, and working memory have been found in children with developmental dyscalculia (DD) as well as children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This paper investigates cognitive profiles of children with DD and/or ADHD symptoms (AS) in a double dissociation design to obtain a better understanding of the comorbidity of DD and ADHD. Method: Children with DD-only (N = 33), AS-only (N = 16), comorbid DD+AS (N = 20), and typically developing controls (TD, N = 40) were assessed on measures of basic numerical processing, calculation, working memory, processing speed, and neurocognitive measures of attention. Results: Children with DD (DD, DD+AS) showed deficits in all basic numerical skills, calculation, working memory, and sustained attention. Children with AS (AS, DD+AS) displayed more selective difficulties in dot enumeration, subtraction, verbal working memory, and processing speed. Also, they generally performed more poorly in neurocognitive measures of attention, especially alertness. Children with DD+AS mostly showed an additive combination of the deficits associated with DD-only and A_Sonly, except for subtraction tasks, in which they were less impaired than expected. Conclusions: DD and AS appear to be related to largely distinct patterns of cognitive deficits, which are present in combination in children with DD+AS. 

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Epilepsi dan Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) pada Anak

Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran ◽

10.26891/jik.v10i2.2016.80-83 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Riki Sukiandra

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Brain Networks ◽

Seizure Threshold ◽

Childhood Epilepsy ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Neurologic Disturbance ◽

Inattentive Type ◽

Child Age

Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with childhood epilepsy. Epilepsy are themost common neurologic disturbance in child age. Children with epilepsy tend to get one or more ADHD symptoms,its related to lack of norepinephrine neurotransmitter in brain, that cause attenuate the effect of GABA and disruptionto fronto-striatal brain networks, these same brain networks are disrupted by seizures or the structural brainabnormalities that can cause seizures. Children with epilepsy especially absance, tend to get inattentive type ofADHD more than other types. Abnormalities of electro-encephalography found in inattentive type of ADHD withhigh focus activities in all lobe area. No data published that methylphenidate can lower seizure threshold or act asproconvulsant. Children with epilepsy tend to get one or more symptoms of ADHD in the following days.

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