scholarly journals Testing the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis: Meta-analytic evidence of the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri Madigan ◽  
Chantal Cyr ◽  
Rachel Eirich ◽  
R. M. Pasco Fearon ◽  
Anh Ly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
History Of

AbstractIt has long been claimed that “maltreatment begets maltreatment,” that is, a parent's history of maltreatment increases the risk that his or her child will also suffer maltreatment. However, significant methodological concerns have been raised regarding evidence supporting this assertion, with some arguing that the association weakens in samples with higher methodological rigor. In the current study, the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment hypothesis is examined in 142 studies (149 samples; 227,918 dyads) that underwent a methodological quality review, as well as data extraction on a number of potential moderator variables. Results reveal a modest association of intergenerational maltreatment (k= 80;d= 0.45, 95% confidence interval; CI [0.37, 0.54]). Support for the intergenerational transmission of specific maltreatment types was also observed (neglect:k= 13,d= 0.24, 95% CI [0.11, 0.37]; physical abuse:k= 61,d= 0.41, 95% CI [0.33, 0.49]; emotional abuse:k= 18,d= 0.57, 95% CI [0.43, 0.71]; sexual abuse:k= 18,d= 0.39, 95% CI [0.24, 0.55]). Methodological quality only emerged as a significant moderator of the intergenerational transmission of physical abuse, with a weakening of effect sizes as methodological rigor increased. Evidence from this meta-analysis confirms the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis, although effect sizes were modest. Future research should focus on deepening understanding of mechanisms of transmission, as well as identifying protective factors that can effectively break the cycle of maltreatment.

scholarly journals Laboratory aggression and personality traits: A meta-analytic review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtland Hyatt ◽  
Amos Zeichner ◽  
Josh Miller
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Analytic Review

Among operationalizations of aggression, laboratory paradigms are unique in that they permit precise measurement of aggression while controlling for many possible confounds (e.g., levels of provocation). In the current undertaking, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relations between laboratory aggression and trait-based personality constructs thought to be among the most robust and consistent predictors of lab aggression, including traits from the predominant model of general personality (Big Five/Five Factor Model [FFM]), as well as personality disorder constructs including psychopathy, narcissism, and sadism. Our search yielded 54 usable studies containing 123 effect sizes. Random-effects models suggest that psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, and low FFM Agreeableness are significant predictors of laboratory aggression with small to moderate effect sizes. Impulsivity and FFM Openness also showed significant relations, though they were smaller in magnitude. Thus, traits related to aggression outside of the laboratory also appear to be related to aggression in the laboratory. Suggestions are made for future research in this area, including an emphasis on causal mechanisms and methodological rigor.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of Childhood Maltreatment in Relation to Psychopathic Traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corine de Ruiter ◽  
Matthias Burghart ◽  
Raneesha De Silva ◽  
Sara Griesbeck Garcia ◽  
Ushna Mian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Complex Trauma ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Social Deviance ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by a mix of traits belonging to four facets: affective (e.g., callous/lack of empathy), interpersonal (e.g., grandiosity), behavioral instability (e.g., impulsivity, poor behavioral controls), and social deviance (e.g., juvenile delinquency, criminal versatility). Several scholars have argued that early childhood maltreatment impacts the development of psychopathy, although views regarding its role in the four facets differ. We conducted a meta-analysis including 47 studies comprising a total of 349 effect sizes and 12,737 participants, to investigate the association between the four psychopathy facets and four types of child maltreatment: physical abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse.We found support for a moderate link between overall psychopathy and childhood physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect, as well as overall childhood maltreatment. The link between psychopathy and childhood sexual abuse was small, but still significant. These associations were stronger for the behavioral and antisocial facets than for the affective and interpersonal facets of psychopathy, but nearly all associations were significant. Our findings are consistent with recently developed theories on the role of complex trauma in the development of severe personality disorders. Trauma-focused preventive and therapeutic interventions can provide further tests of the trauma-psychopathy hypothesis.

Descriptive Analysis and Meta Analysis of Studies Investigating the Effectiveness of Simultaneous Prompting Procedure

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Tekin-Iftar ◽  
Seray Olcay-Gul ◽  
Belva C. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Simultaneous Prompting ◽  
Case Methodology ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Present Systematic Review

Researchers have investigated the simultaneous prompting (SP) procedure across three decades; however, no meta-analysis has been conducted. In the present systematic review, we conducted both a descriptive and meta-analysis of SP studies from a seminal publication of an SP study through 2017. Our search resulted in 20 studies published in English in internationally disseminated peer-reviewed journals that used single-case methodology and also met criteria for methodological rigor. To analyze effect sizes, we used percentage of non-overlapping points and Tau- U, with both revealing highly consistent results. We concluded that there is a substantial body of evidence to support the SP procedure to teach a variety of skills to individuals with disabilities when consistent parameters of the procedure are employed; however, future research is needed to specifically validate the procedure as effective in regard to specific types of disability (e.g., autism spectrum disorder) and specific types of tasks.

scholarly journals The role of lifetime stressors in adult fibromyalgia: systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-193
Author(s):  
Nia Kaleycheva ◽  
Alexis E. Cullen ◽  
Robyn Evans ◽  
Tirril Harris ◽  
Timothy Nicholson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundFibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterised by widespread musculoskeletal pain. Although accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to stressful events increases the risk for this complex disorder, this is the first meta-analysis to compare the impact of a full range of lifetime stressors (e.g. physical trauma through to emotional neglect) on adult fibromyalgia.MethodsThis review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Random-effects models examined associations between different stressor exposures and fibromyalgia status with meta-regression investigating the effects of publication year and study quality on effect sizes.ResultsNineteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Significant associations with fibromyalgia status were observed for all six exposure types examined: odds ratios (OR) were highest for physical abuse (OR 3.23, 95% confidence interval 1.99–5.23) and total abuse (3.06, 1.71–5.46); intermediate for sexual abuse (2.65, 1.85–3.79) and smaller for medical trauma (1.80, 1.19–2.71), other lifetime stressors (1.70, 1.31–2.20), and emotional abuse (1.52, 1.27–1.81). Results were not significantly changed when childhood, as opposed to adult, exposures were used in studies that reported both. Meta-regression analyses demonstrated no effect of publication year or study quality on effect sizes.ConclusionsThis study confirmed a significant association between stressor exposure and adult fibromyalgia with the strongest associations observed for physical abuse. Limitations related to current available literature were identified; we provide several suggestions for how these can be addressed in future studies. Stressors are likely to be one of many risk factors for fibromyalgia which we argue is best approached from a biopsychosocial perspective.

Maternal history of childhood maltreatment and later parenting behavior: A meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura-Émilie Savage ◽  
George M. Tarabulsy ◽  
Jessica Pearson ◽  
Delphine Collin-Vézina ◽  
Lisa-Marie Gagné
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Parenting Behavior ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Maternal History ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Impact

AbstractExposure to maltreatment during childhood (CM) can have deleterious effects throughout the life span of an individual. A parent's history of child maltreatment can also impact his or her own parenting behavior. Theoretically, parents who experienced maltreatment as children may have fewer resources to cope with the challenges of childrearing and may adopt more problematic parenting behaviors. However, empirical studies examining the association between CM and later parenting behavior have yielded mixed results. The aim of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis of studies that have examined the association between exposure to CM and the subsequent parenting outcomes of mothers of 0- to 6-year-old children. A secondary aim is to examine the potential impact of both conceptual and methodological moderators. A total of 32 studies (27 samples, 41 effect sizes, 17,932 participants) were retained for analysis. Results revealed that there is a small but statistically significant association between maternal exposure to CM and parenting behavior (r = –.13, p < .05). Moderator analyses revealed that effect sizes were larger when parenting measures involved relationship-based or negative, potentially abusive behaviors, when samples had a greater number of boys compared to girls, and when studies were older versus more recent. Results are discussed as they relate to the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment and abuse.

scholarly journals Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the relationship between reported racism and health and well-being for children and youth: a protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e043722
Author(s):  
Naomi Priest ◽  
Kate Doery ◽  
Mandy Truong ◽  
Shuaijun Guo ◽  
Ryan Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Health And Well Being

IntroductionRacism is a critical determinant of health and health inequities for children and youth. This protocol aims to update the first systematic review conducted by Priest et al (2013), including a meta-analysis of findings. Based on previous empirical data, it is anticipated that child and youth health will be negatively impacted by racism. Findings from this review will provide updated evidence of effect sizes across outcomes and identify moderators and mediators of relationships between racism and health.Methods and analysisThis systematic review and meta-analysis will include studies that examine associations between experiences of racism and racial discrimination with health outcomes of children and youth aged 0–24 years. Exposure measures include self-reported or proxy reported systemic, interpersonal and intrapersonal racism. Outcome measures include general health and well-being, physical health, mental health, biological markers, healthcare utilisation and health behaviours. A comprehensive search of studies from the earliest time available to October 2020 will be conducted. A random effects meta-analysis will examine the average effect of racism on a range of health outcomes. Study-level moderation will test the difference in effect sizes with regard to various sample and exposure characteristics. This review has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.Ethics and disseminationThis review will provide evidence for future research within the field and help to support policy and practice development. Results will be widely disseminated to both academic and non-academic audiences through peer-review publications, community summaries and presentations to research, policy, practice and community audiences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020184055.

Macro-level Criminological Perspectives and School Delinquency: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2110223
Author(s):  
Natasha Pusch
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
School Level ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Concentrated Disadvantage ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
School Differences ◽  
Academic Implications

School delinquency in public elementary, middle, and high schools has decreased in recent years, but is still a major issue that has negative mental health and academic implications for adolescents. Although research has focused on both individual-level and school-level explanations of school delinquency, it is not yet clear which macro-level criminological perspectives best explains it. Using 656 effect sizes nested within 75 studies and 30 unique datasets, this study addresses two questions using meta-analytic methods: Which macro-level criminological perspectives explain between-school differences in delinquency? Are effect sizes invariant across samples and research design? Results indicate that only concentrated disadvantage and social cohesion are significantly related to school delinquency. With the exception of concentrated disadvantage, effects are homogenous. This suggests that some school-level explanations are useful and future research should not exclude these factors. Practical implications suggest that improving social cohesion in schools may be more effective at preventing violence than target-hardening efforts.

Effectiveness of Digital Health Interventions on Unintentional Injury, Violence, and Suicide: Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802096734
Author(s):  
Mengtong Chen ◽  
Ko Ling Chan
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Face To Face

Digital technologies are increasingly used in health-care delivery and are being introduced into work to prevent unintentional injury, violence, and suicide to reduce mortality. To understand the potential of digital health interventions (DHIs) to prevent and reduce these problems, we conduct a meta-analysis and provide an overview of their effectiveness and characteristics related to the effects. We searched electronic databases and reference lists of relevant reviews to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in or before March 2020 evaluating DHIs on injury, violence, or suicide reduction. Based on the 34 RCT studies included in the meta-analysis, the overall random effect size was 0.21, and the effect sizes for reducing suicidal ideation, interpersonal violence, and unintentional injury were 0.17, 0.24, and 0.31, respectively, which can be regarded as comparable to the effect sizes of traditional face-to-face interventions. However, there was considerable heterogeneity between the studies. In conclusion, DHIs have great potential to reduce unintentional injury, violence, and suicide. Future research should explore DHIs’ successful components to facilitate future implementation and wider access.

scholarly journals Interventions to Improve Patient Comprehension in Informed Consent for Medical and Surgical Procedures: An Updated Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Glaser ◽  
Sarah Nouri ◽  
Alicia Fernandez ◽  
Rebecca L. Sudore ◽  
Dean Schillinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Feedback ◽  
Patient Comprehension ◽  
Improve Patient

Background. Patient comprehension is fundamental to valid informed consent. Current practices often result in inadequate patient comprehension. Purpose. An updated review to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of interventions to improve patient comprehension in clinical informed consent. Data Sources. Systematic searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE (2008–2018). Study Selection. We included randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials evaluating interventions to improve patient comprehension in clinical informed consent. Data Extraction. Reviewers independently abstracted data using a standardized form, comparing all results and resolving disagreements by consensus. Data Synthesis. Fifty-two studies of 60 interventions met inclusion criteria. Compared with standard informed consent, a statistically significant improvement in patient comprehension was seen with 43% (6/14) of written interventions, 56% (15/27) of audiovisual interventions, 67% (2/3) of multicomponent interventions, 85% (11/13) of interactive digital interventions, and 100% (3/3) of verbal discussion with test/feedback or teach-back interventions. Eighty-five percent of studies (44/52) evaluated patients’ understanding of risks, 69% (41/52) general knowledge about the procedure, 35% (18/52) understanding of benefits, and 31% (16/52) understanding of alternatives. Participants’ education level was reported heterogeneously, and only 8% (4/52) of studies examined effects according to health literacy. Most studies (79%, 41/52) did not specify participants’ race/ethnicity. Limitations. Variation in interventions and outcome measures precluded conduct of a meta-analysis or calculation of mean effect size. Control group processes were variable and inconsistently characterized. Nearly half of studies (44%, 23/52) had a high risk of bias for the patient comprehension outcome. Conclusions. Interventions to improve patient comprehension in informed consent are heterogeneous. Interactive interventions, particularly with test/feedback or teach-back components, appear superior. Future research should emphasize all key elements of informed consent and explore effects among vulnerable populations.

Trauma-Sensitive Yoga Interventions and Posttraumatic Stress and Depression Outcomes Among Women: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Randomized Control Trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Kysar-Moon ◽  
Matthew Vasquez ◽  
Tierra Luppen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Analysis Models

Abstract Research shows that most people experience at least one traumatic event in their lifetimes, and between 6% and 8% of those with a history of trauma will develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or related mental health conditions. Women face a greater threat of trauma exposure and have a higher risk of PTSD and depression than men. Trauma-Sensitive Yoga (TSY), a body-based adjunctive therapy, has shown potential in several studies as an effective method for reducing PTSD and depression symptoms. However, existing research and systematic reviews vary widely in their methodological rigor and comparison samples. Thus, in this systematic review we examined the effectiveness of TSY among women with a history of trauma and depression who had participated in randomized control trials with clear control and experimental groups. Findings in fixed- and mixed-effects meta-analysis models suggest marginally significant to no effects of TSY on PTSD and depression outcomes. Our systematic review highlights critical questions and significant gaps in the existing literature about the rationale and best practices of TSY intervention duration.

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