Measuring the biological embedding of racial trauma among Black Americans utilizing the RDoC approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1849-1863
Author(s):  
Sierra E. Carter ◽  
Frederick X. Gibbons ◽  
Steven R.H. Beach
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Racial Trauma ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Chronic Stressor ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Research Domain

AbstractThe National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative aims to understand the mechanisms influencing psychopathology through a dimensional approach. Limited research thus far has considered potential racial/ethnic differences in RDoC constructs that are influenced by developmental and contextual processes. A growing body of research has demonstrated that racial trauma is a pervasive chronic stressor that impacts the health of Black Americans across the life course. In this review article, we examine the ways that an RDOC framework could allow us to better understand the biological embedding of racial trauma among Black Americans. We also specifically examine the Negative Valence System domain of RDoC to explore how racial trauma is informed by and can help expand our understanding of this domain. We end the review by providing some additional research considerations and future research directives in the area of racial trauma that build on the RDoC initiative.

scholarly journals Kaleidoscope

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
Derek K. Tracy ◽  
Dan W. Joyce ◽  
Sukhwinder S. Shergill
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Case Processing ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Golden Gate Bridge ◽  
Research Domain

June 27 this year was the day that funding was approved for San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge physical suicide deterrent barrier (www.ggbsuicidebarrier.org). This follows over 1400 suicides since the bridge's opening in 1937: a morbid record 46 were in 2013 alone, possibly exacerbated by the global economic crisis. The barrier is in place to prevent the end-point of suicidal behaviour (physically preventing suicide) but how much effort is going into the examination of the external factors that drive such behaviour? Aleman & Denys argue that psychiatry has failed to tackle suicide as a disease entity in its own right, instead relegating the act of deliberately ending one's life to a symptom or consequence of an underlying psychiatric illness. They note that in DSM-5 suicidality is only mentioned as a symptom of borderline personality disorder and mood disorders, despite this presenting as the most prominent psychiatric emergency. They argue for a more experimental approach based on the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (www.nimh.nih.gov/research-priorities/rdoc/index.shtml) that emphasises the study of psychiatric phenomena with reference to their underlying mechanisms: in this case, processing of negative valence, context and response selection, and mechanisms to regulate arousal.

scholarly journals Behavioral and neurodevelopmental precursors to binge-type eating disorders: support for the role of negative valence systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (14) ◽  
pp. 2921-2936 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vannucci ◽  
E. E. Nelson ◽  
D. M. Bongiorno ◽  
D. S. Pine ◽  
J. A. Yanovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Eating Disorder Risk ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Research Domain

Background.Pediatric loss-of-control (LOC) eating is a robust behavioral precursor to binge-type eating disorders. Elucidating precursors to LOC eating and binge-type eating disorders may refine developmental risk models of eating disorders and inform interventions.Method.We review evidence within constructs of the Negative Valence Systems (NVS) domain, as specified by the Research Domain Criteria framework. Based on published studies, we propose an integrated NVS model of binge-type eating-disorder risk.Results.Data implicate altered corticolimbic functioning, neuroendocrine dysregulation, and self-reported negative affect as possible risk factors. However, neuroimaging and physiological data in children and adolescents are sparse, and most prospective studies are limited to self-report measures.Conclusions.We discuss a broad NVS framework for conceptualizing early risk for binge-type eating disorders. Future neural and behavioral research on the developmental trajectory of LOC and binge-type eating disorders is required.

scholarly journals Understanding Suicide Risk Within the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Framework: Insights, Challenges, and Future Research Considerations

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine R. Glenn ◽  
Christine B. Cha ◽  
Evan M. Kleiman ◽  
Matthew K. Nock
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Research Domain ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Broad Overview

Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. Prior research has focused primarily on sociodemographic and psychiatric risk factors with little improvement in the prediction or prevention of suicidal behavior over time. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) may be an especially useful framework for advancing research in this area. This article provides a brief and broad overview of research on suicidal behavior relating to each of the RDoC domains—highlighting the RDoC construct(s) where research has focused, the construct(s) where research is lacking, and suggestions for future research directions. We also discuss major challenges for suicide research within the RDoC framework, including the intersection of RDoC domains, interaction of domains with the environment, incorporation of developmental stage, integration of distal and proximal processes, and inclusion of suicide-specific constructs. We conclude by underscoring important considerations for future research aimed at using the RDoC framework to study suicidal behavior and other forms of psychopathology.

Future Directions in Research and Treatment of Emotion Dysregulation

2019 ◽  
pp. 476-486
Author(s):  
Theodore P. Beauchaine ◽  
Hunter Hahn ◽  
Sheila E. Crowell
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Target Emotion ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
Research Domain

This chapter discusses themes that emerged while editing the Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation and outlines directions for future research. Although the term emotion dysregulation has at times been used amorphously in the literature, most authors now define the phenomenon as experiences and expressions of emotion that interfere with situationally appropriate, goal-directed behavior. Situational embedding of emotion dysregulation is important given very different expectations of appropriate emotional expression across contexts and cultures. Despite emerging consensus regarding emotion dysregulation as a construct, several challenges lie ahead. Major tasks for the field are to (1) abandon implicit notions of emotion dysregulation in favor of formally operationalized definitions, such as that provided earlier; (2) maintain a clear distinction between emotion dysregulation versus mood dysregulation; (3) map transdiagnostic features of emotion dysregulation across functional domains of behavior such as those instantiated in the Research Domain Criteria matrix and, where appropriate, syndromes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; (4) further develop prevention and treatment programs that systematically target emotion dysregulation across development; and (5) extend emotion dysregulation research to stigmatized groups in an effort to identify mechanisms of mental health disparities. Chapters in this volume address these issues and advance the science of emotion dysregulation in new and exciting ways.

scholarly journals Racial/ethnic differences in the burden of type 2 diabetes over the life course: a focus on the USA and India

Diabetologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1751-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherita H. Golden ◽  
Chittaranjan Yajnik ◽  
Sanat Phatak ◽  
Robert L. Hanson ◽  
William C. Knowler
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals A transdiagnostic perspective of constructs underlying obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: An international Delphi consensus study

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 719-731
Author(s):  
Leonardo F Fontenelle ◽  
Erin Oldenhof ◽  
Maria Eduarda Moreira-de-Oliveira ◽  
Jonathan S Abramowitz ◽  
Martin M Antony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
System Response ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Delphi Consensus ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Research Domain

Background: The Research Domain Criteria seeks to bridge knowledge from neuroscience with clinical practice by promoting research into valid neurocognitive phenotypes and dimensions, irrespective of symptoms and diagnoses as currently conceptualized. While the Research Domain Criteria offers a vision of future research and practice, its 39 functional constructs need refinement to better target new phenotyping efforts. This study aimed to determine which Research Domain Criteria constructs are most relevant to understanding obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, based on a consensus between experts in the field of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Methods: Based on a modified Delphi method, 46 experts were recruited from Australia, Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. Over three rounds, experts had the opportunity to review their opinion in light of feedback from the previous round, which included how their response compared to other experts and a summary of comments given. Results: Thirty-four experts completed round one, of whom 28 (82%) completed round two and 24 (71%) completed round three. At the final round, four constructs were endorsed by ⩾75% of experts as ‘primary constructs’ and therefore central to understanding obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Of these constructs, one came from the Positive Valence System (Habit), two from the Cognitive Control System (Response Selection/Inhibition and Performance Monitoring) and the final construct was an additional item suggested by experts (Compulsivity). Conclusion: This study identified four Research Domain Criteria constructs that, according to experts, cut across different obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. These constructs represent key areas for future investigation, and may have potential implications for clinical practice in terms of diagnostic processes and therapeutic management of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.

The Nimh Research Domain Criteria Project

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce N. Cuthbert
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Disease Classification ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Research Domain

The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project grew from recognized deficiencies in currently used diagnostic schemes for mental illness, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). While the latter is based on a series of signs and symptoms of illnesses that can co-occur in groups of individuals, without consideration of underlying biological factors, RDoC is based on the increasing ability to relate normal as well as abnormal behavior to particular molecules and circuits in the brain across animal species and humans. Behavioral domains include negative valence systems (e.g., fear and anxiety), positive valence systems (e.g., reward and motivation), cognitive systems, social processes, and arousal and regulatory systems, several of which might be affected in a given DSM disease classification. RDoC is seen as a step toward a “precision psychiatry,” where increasing knowledge of the genetic, molecular, cellular, and circuit basis of mental illness will yield biologically based diagnoses that offer important pathophysiological, treatment, and prognostic implications.

Do the Effects of Strain and Religiosity on Criminal Coping Differ by Race and Ethnicity?

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Barbieri ◽  
Jessica M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Differences ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Recently, Agnew suggested that delinquent offending is more likely to occur in the presence of a variety of criminogenic risk factors. Prior research has suggested that racial and ethnic differences exist in both the type and frequency of negative life experiences as well as coping mechanisms utilized in response to these strains. The current study sought to determine the relationship between prior victimization and a coping mechanism on subsequent offending, while controlling for the role of criminogenic risk factors. Racial and ethnic differences were also explored. Results revealed mixed support for general strain theory’s arguments on the unequivocal import of victimization as well as racial and ethnic differences in the impact of strain and religiosity on future offending. Future research considering criminal propensities and racial/ethnic differences are needed.

scholarly journals The research domain criteria framework in drug discovery for neuropsychiatric diseases: focus on negative valence

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 239821281880403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet R. Nicholson ◽  
Bernd Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Observable Behaviour ◽  
Quantitative Understanding ◽  
Research Domain

Drug discovery, particularly in the field of central nervous system, has had very limited success in the last few decades. A likely contributor is the poor translation between preclinical and clinical phases. The Research Domain Criteria of the National Institutes of Mental Health is a framework which aims to identify new ways of classifying mental illnesses that are based on observable behaviour and neurobiological measures, and to provide a guiding and evolving framework to improve the translation from preclinical to clinical research. At the core of the Research Domain Criteria approach is the assumption that the dimensional constructs described can be assessed across different units of analysis, thus enabling a more precise quantitative understanding of their neurobiological underpinnings, increasing the likelihood of identifying new and effective therapeutic approaches. In the present review, we discuss how the Research Domain Criteria can be applied to drug discovery with the domain Negative Valence, construct Potential Threat (‘Anxiety’) as an example. We will discuss the evidence supporting the utility of the Research Domain Criteria approach and evaluate how close we are to achieving a common thread of translational research from gene to self-report.

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