HOUSEHOLDERS AS WATER MANAGERS: A COMPARISON OF DOMESTIC-SCALE WATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FROM TWO CENTRAL MAYA LOWLAND SITES

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Small Reservoirs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Preclassic Period ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Maya Civilization ◽  
And Storage

AbstractMultiple studies conducted over the past few decades have recognized the necessity of rainwater collection and storage as a critical aspect in the evolution of Maya civilization. Few of these efforts, however, have emphasized the importance of managing water resources at the household level. Data are presented from two central lowland sites—the dispersed hinterland community of Medicinal Trail and the urban center of Yaxnohcah—that elucidate the function of small reservoirs and associated landscape modifications in residential water management. Despite differing physical geographies and trajectories of urban development, residents of both communities were clearly engaged in water management activities based, at least in part, on the creation and use of small reservoirs. Decentralized household water management practices appear to have been temporally and spatially widespread components of Maya civilization beginning in the Preclassic period.

scholarly journals The Effect of Social Behavior on Residential Water Consumption

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Daniel Morales Martínez ◽  
Alexandre Gori Maia
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Peer Effect ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Residential Water Consumption ◽  
Residential Water

We analyze how residential water consumption is influenced by the consumption of households belonging to the same social group (peer effect). Analyses are based on household-level data provided by the Brazilian Household Budget Survey and use an innovative strategy that estimates the spatial dependence of water consumption while simultaneously controlling for potential sources of sample selectivity and endogeneity. The estimates of our quantile regression models highlight that, conditional on household characteristics, the greater the household water consumption, the greater the peer effect. In other words, the overconsumption of residential water seems to be influenced mainly by the behavior of social peers.

scholarly journals Rural Households' Allocation of Remittance Income in Agriculture in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Business Investment ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural Migrant ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Chitwan Valley ◽  
Household Activities ◽  
Rural Nepal

This paper examines the uses of remittances in various household activities by remittance-receiving households in rural Nepal. Specifically, this paper focuses on the allocation of (a) remittances in agriculture and other dimensions of household activities, and (b) whether there is any association between the amount of remittances received and the amount allocated by households to agriculture and other dimensions. This study utilizes the detailed household level data (n=139 remittance-receiving households) collected from the Chitwan Valley in 2014, a rural migrant-sending setting of southern Nepal that collected remittances received by households and remittance used in various household activities with monthly precision in the past 12 months. Using the multilevel multivariate OLS regression, the results showed that of the total amount of remittances used, farming (e.g. purchase of seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides) received only about 3.1 percent. In contrast, a large proportion of remittance was used in buying fixed assets such as land, houses, and jewelry (27.1%), followed by food and vegetables (15.3%), savings and business investment (12.3%), loan payment (11.0%), education, (11.2%), and health (4.1%). Adjusted results from multivariate analysis (multilevel OLS) showed that the amount of remittances received by households was not significantly associated with its use in farming. However, the amount of remittances received was positively associated with the amount used in buying fixed assets, media (electronic) items, clothing, covering cultural expenses, paying utilities, and repaying debt. Implications from the findings are presented.

scholarly journals Survey of Best Management Practices in Container Production Nurseries

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-144
Author(s):  
Glenn B. Fain ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Ken M. Tilt ◽  
John W. Olive ◽  
Beth Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Control Release ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Best Management ◽  
The Past ◽  
Container Production

Abstract Twenty-four nurseries producing container-grown plants were surveyed along the coastal zone of south Alabama to determine Best Management Practices (BMPs) implemented since 1988. All nurseries utilized multiple BMPs. Seventy-five percent of all nurseries surveyed have the capability to capture runoff water; however, larger nurseries (medium 4.5–16.6 ha (11–40 A); large 16.6+ ha (40+A)) were more likely to capture runoff than smaller nurseries 0.4–4.1 ha (1–10 A). Since 1988, 78% of all collection ponds have been built with 44% of those being built in the past 5 years. Other BMPs widely used included installation of grass filter/erosion strips, having specific personnel devoted to water management, use of control release fertilizers, scouting for pests, use of horticultural oils, and staggered herbicide applications.

On the applicability of ICESat-2 and off-nadir SkySAT satellite datasets for the estimation of water storage in medium and small reservoirs at the global scale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennadii Donchyts ◽  
Dirk Eilander ◽  
Antonio Moreno-Rodenas ◽  
Maarten Pronk ◽  
Samapriya Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Small Reservoirs ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Sentinel 2

<p>Accurate and timely information on water storage changes in medium and small size reservoirs is needed for better water management and understanding of water dynamics on a global scale in general. While changes in surface water extent in these reservoirs can be monitored using satellite missions such as Landsat 8, Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2, the information on water level and storage dynamics on a global scale is still missing. However, for most reservoirs, these storage changes can be estimated given that an accurate digital elevation model (DEM) is available for a dynamic part of the reservoir - the area covered between the minimum and maximum extents of the reservoir. In this research, we will investigate the applicability of data measured by the ICESat-2 lidar sensor and the off-nadir satellite imagery acquired by Planet’s SkySAT satellites and will evaluate how valuable these datasets are to estimate water storage changes in medium and small size reservoirs.</p>

scholarly journals Corn Hybrid Response to Water Management Practices on Claypan Soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Randall L. Smoot
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
Claypan Soil ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Corn Hybrid

A study evaluated corn (Zea maysL.) hybrids (Asgrow785, DKC61-73, DKC63-42, LG2642, and Kruger2114) and water management systems (nondrained, nonirrigated (NDNI); drained, nonirrigated (DNI) with subsurface drain tiles 6.1 and 12.2 m apart; drained plus subirrigated (DSI) with tiles 6.1 and 12.2 m apart; nondrained, overhead irrigated (NDOHI)) on yields, plant population, and grain quality from 2008 to 2010. Precipitation during this study was 36 to 283 mm above the past decade. Planting date was delayed 18 d in the nondrained control in 2009, and additional delayed planting controls were included this year. Grain yields were similar in the 6.1- and 12.2 m-spaced DNI and DSI systems in 2008 and 2010, but plant population increased 74% and yields were 3.1 Mg ha−1greater with DSI at a 6.1 m spacing compared to 12.2 m in 2009. At a 6.1 m spacing, DNI or DSI increased yield 1.1 to 6.6 Mg ha−1(10 to over 50%) compared to NDNI or NDOHI soil. High yielding hybrids achieved similar yields with DNI, while NDNI DKC63-42 had 1.2 Mg ha−1greater yields compared to DKC61-73. A 6.1 m spacing for DNI claypan soils is recommended for high yielding corn production.

scholarly journals Assessment of Household Management Practices of Drinking Water in Two Selected Rural Communities of Plateau State

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
E.O. Okoh ◽  
C.A. Miner ◽  
G.N. Ode ◽  
A.I. Zoakah
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Plateau State

Background: Understanding how drinking water is managed in rural households that lack access to improved water sources is necessary for designing effective strategies that can meet their drinking water requirements. This study aimed to assess the drinking water management practices of rural households in two selected communities of Plateau State.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Plateau State among 202 female caregivers of under-five children residing in households of two rural communities who were selected using a multistage sampling technique. An interviewer-administered  questionnaire and an observational checklist were used to obtain information on water sources, collection, storage and treatment  practices. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Bivariate analysis was done to identify factors associated with household water treatment practice followed by logistic regression to determine predictors. Level of significance was set at p<0.05.Results: Mean age of respondents was 32.5±12.3 years. Nearly half (48%) of the households obtained drinking water from unimproved sources and 18.3% treated water at home which were mainly inappropriate methods. About 75% always stored drinking water separately from other uses while 64% stored water for over 3days. Only 51% were observed to store water in clean containers. Independent  predictors of household water treatment were perception of drinking water safety (AOR=4.6; 95%CI: 2.1–10.3) and encouragement to treat water within the community (AOR=16.7; 95%CI: 2.1 – 28.5).Conclusion: There is a need to educate and encourage the rural populace on appropriate water management methods while efforts are being made to increase access to improved sources.

scholarly journals Exploring Water Management Practices and Sustainability Implications in the Bamenda Metropolis of Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Lucas Nyuydine Wirba ◽  
Amawa Sani Gur ◽  
Victor Konfor Ntoban ◽  
Bruno Lainjo Baye ◽  
Emmanuel Nkembo Ngang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply

City governments, the world over, are grappling with the problem of sustaining water supply to their rapidly growing population. The need to meet up with this exigency has been emphasized in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 (Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all) and SDG 11 (Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable). While a series of demand and supply-side approaches to water management have been employed, the extent to which water management practices could guarantee (un)sustainability still require clarity, especially in the context of cities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Taking the case of the Bamenda Metropolis of Cameroon, we contribute to address this lacunae, by identifying household level water management practices in Bamenda, and discussing the implications it has for sustainable water supply (availability, affordability). To obtain relevant data for this study, a random sample of 120 households, within 8 neighborhoods of Bamenda, was conducted. Furthermore, we employed descriptive and inferential statistical methods to test the relationship between household socio-economic characteristics and water management (consumption, rationing, preservation). The results  reveal the following: In terms of regularity, approximately 63% of the households have irregular water supply, and consume less than 50 litres of water per day. The key water source is pipe borne water (65%), supplied by CAMWATER and Community Water Systems. One of the main water management practice at household level is rainwater harvesting (41.7%), while sustainability is compromised by the weak management systems from supply side, and limited knowledge and resources at the demand side (household level). There is a need for policy (re)orientation to regulate household water distribution, consumption and affordability. Further studies are required to ground this assertion.

scholarly journals Sustainable Land Management Practices and Technical and Environmental Efficiency among Smallholder Farmers in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gazali Issahaku ◽  
Awudu Abdulai
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Environmental Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Level Data

AbstractThe study examines the effects of adoption of sustainable land management practices on farm households’ technical efficiency (TE) and environmental efficiency, using household-level data from Ghana. We employ selectivity biased-corrected stochastic production frontier to account for potential bias from both observed and unobserved factors. The empirical results show that adopters exhibit higher levels of TE and output, compared with the nonadopters. However, the results reveal that adopters are found to use excess herbicides that could have adverse environmental consequences. The results also reveal that extension services and access to credit positively and significantly correlate with TE.

scholarly journals Treatment of drinking water for rural households using Moringa seed and solar disinfection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Jotham Marobhe ◽  
Shadrack Mwita Sabai
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Solar Disinfection ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Household Water ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Rural populations in Tanzania use unsafe drinking water from unimproved water sources which are inadequately treated using plant seed powder. The effectiveness of defatted crude seed extract (dCSE) of Moringa oleifera along with water filtration and solar disinfection (SODIS) for rural household water treatment was investigated. The performance of dCSE in turbidity and bacteria reduction was evaluated in 20 L buckets using river water with varied turbidities. Coagulation–flocculation processes were conducted using different dosages of 5% (Weight/Volume) dCSE. Optimum dosage for maximum turbid removal was established after 2–6 h of settling time. Optimum dosages of dCSE were 20, 30 and 80 mL/20 L for water with a turbidity of 150, 450 and 1,000 NTU with turbidity removal efficiencies of 98, 99 and 99%, respectively. The filtration process was able to remove about 66% of suspended solids from pretreated water by dCSE after coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation. SODIS of pretreated water in black painted and unpainted bottles removed 99 and 97.6%; 99.9 and 98.6% of total and fecal coliforms after 6 h of sunlight exposure, respectively. The pH and color of treated water were within Tanzania Standards. This study recommends dCSE, filtration and SODIS for use at household level for water treatment and storage using pots.

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