scholarly journals Palaeolithic Populations and Waves of Advance

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Fort ◽  
Toni Pujol ◽  
Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Ams Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Wave Of Advance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement

The wave-of-advance model has been previously applied to Neolithic human range expansions, yielding good agreement to the speeds inferred from archaeological data. Here, we apply it for the first time to Palaeolithic human expansions by using reproduction and mobility parameters appropriate to hunter-gatherers (instead of the corresponding values for preindustrial farmers). The order of magnitude of the predicted speed is in agreement with that implied by the AMS radiocarbon dating of the lateglacial human recolonization of northern Europe (14.2–12.5 kyr bp). We argue that this makes it implausible for climate change to have limited the speed of the recolonization front. It is pointed out that a similar value for the speed can be tentatively inferred from the archaeological data on the expansion of modern humans into the Levant and Europe (42–36 kyr bp).

scholarly journals Estimating the relative importance of demic and cultural diffusion in the spread of the Neolithic in Scandinavia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (148) ◽  
pp. 20180597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Fort ◽  
Maria Mercè Pareta ◽  
Lasse Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Cultural Diffusion ◽  
Early Farming ◽  
Wave Of Advance ◽  
Early Farmers ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Demic Diffusion

Using a database of early farming sites in Scandinavia, we estimate that the spread rate of the Neolithic was in the range 0.44–0.66 km yr −1 . This is substantially slower (by about 50%) than the rate in continental Europe. We interpret this result in the framework of a new mathematical model that includes horizontal cultural transmission (acculturation), vertical cultural transmission (interbreeding) and demic diffusion (reproduction and dispersal of farmers). To parametrize the model, we estimate reproduction rates of early farmers using archaeological data (sum-calibrated probabilities for the dates of early Neolithic Scandinavian sites) and use them in a wave-of-advance model for the first time. Comparing the model with the archaeological data, we find that the percentage of the spread rate due to cultural diffusion is below 50% (except for very extreme parameter values, and even for them it is below 54%). This strongly suggests that the spread of the Neolithic in Scandinavia was driven mainly by demic diffusion. This conclusion, obtained from archaeological data, agrees qualitatively with the implications of ancient genetic data, but the latter are yet too few in Scandinavia to produce any quantitative percentage for the spread rate due to cultural diffusion. We also find that, on average, fewer than eight hunter–gatherers were incorporated in the Neolithic communities by each group of 10 pioneering farmers, via horizontal and/or vertical cultural transmission.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating Sites of Northwest Russia and Latvia

Radiocarbon ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Zaitseva ◽  
S. G. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Calibration Program ◽  
Good Agreement

We describe applications of radiocarbon dating used for establishing a chronology of archaeological sites of the Novgorod region at the end of the first millennium ad. We have 14C-dated known-age tree rings from sites in Latvia and ancient Novgorod, northwest Russia, as well as charcoal and wood from Novgorod. Calendar ages of 14C-dated tree rings span the interval, ad 765–999. We used the Groningen calibration program, CAL15 (van der Plicht 1993) to calibrate 14C ages to calendar years. Comparisons between 14C results and archaeological data show good agreement, and enable us to narrow the calendar interval of calibrated 14C determinations.

A Survey of Recent Results in the Radiocarbon Chronology of Westers and Northern Africa

1971 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Willett
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Northern Africa ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Eastern And Southern Africa ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

This paper is the first in a series summarizing, for the benefit of historians and archaeologists from other areas, the latest developments in radiocarbon dating for the later prehistory of western and northern Africa. These articles will appear every two years, alternating with similar surveys of eastern and southern Africa. A selection of more than 200 dates from those not previously published in this Journal is discussed, and dates obtained by thermoluminescence are quoted for the first time. It should be emphasized that most of the dates included are published in advance of full reports which are being prepared by the archaeologists concerned. The conclusions reached are therefore provisional and may well require modification in the light of a fuller examination of the related archaeological data.

Advances in hunter-gatherer research in Mexico

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales ◽  
Eduardo Corona-M.
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Ams Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scanning Electron

Interest in the first hunter-gatherer populations of Mexico has increased in the last fifteen years. Exploration of the Late Pleistocene localities involved in the early peopling of Mexico, including the discovery of new ones and reanalysis of known ones, and the application of new methods and techniques (e.g. AMS radiocarbon dating, stable isotopes, scanning electron microscopy, palaeobotanical analysis) have increased. Archaeozoology has contributed to this expansion by increasing the record of terrestrial vertebrates, improving understanding of the record and delimitation of distributional ranges of extinct species. There is now more information on the type of diet of some extinct herbivores and hypotheses about the status of local palaeoenvironments have been provided. Questions remain about the interactions between human migrations and the environments, specifically the degree of influence that humans had in the extinction of mega- and mesofaunas, and the diversity of subsistence strategies employed by hunter-gatherers in the Late Pleistocene.

Radiocarbon evidence for the Lateglacial Human Recolonisation of Northern Europe

1997 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 25-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Housley ◽  
C.S. Gamble ◽  
M. Street ◽  
P. Pettitt
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Ams Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Changing Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Regional Settlement

This paper examines, through the use of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry dating, the database of Lateglacial cultures involved in the recolonisation of northern Europe. The aim is not only to determine the timing of that recolonisation, but also to propose a general model of hunter-gatherer colonisation at a sub-continental scale. The question is addressed of how long the period of abandonment of northern Europe during the Würm/Weichsel glaciation may have lasted, and when it both started and came to an end. A series of questions is asked concerning the processes and mechanics of recolonisation and the sequences for specific areas are examined. AMS radiocarbon dating shows that a two stage process was involved, which has important implications for our analysis of regional settlement patterns and the changing scale of Lateglacial hunting systems. Recolonisation was a dynamic process, integral to, and internally driven by, the social life of Lateglacial hunters. It may have been constrained by environmental and resource factors, which we have emphasised here, but ultimately it was an historical, social process and should be similarily regarded to that of the farmers. By measuring rates of expansion data are provided for use in other studies of hunter-gatherer colonisation.

The Neolithic burial sequence at Flintbek LA 3, north Germany, and its cart tracks: a precise chronology

Antiquity ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (329) ◽  
pp. 742-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Mischka
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
North Germany ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Global Evidence

Radiocarbon dating of 32 stratigraphic samples aided by Bayesian analysis has allowed the author to produce a high precision chronology for the construction and development of a continental Neolithic long barrow for the first time. She shows when and how quickly people living on the shore of the Baltic adopted pit graves, megalithic chambers and long barrows. Better than that, she provides a date for the famous cart tracks beneath the final barrow to 3420–3385 cal BC. Although other parts of the package — ploughing and pottery — are late arrivals, her analysis of the global evidence shows that Flintbek remains among the earliest sightings of the wheel in northern Europe.

Detection and Quantification of 7-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone Epimers in Three Body Fluids

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hampl ◽  
Martin Hill ◽  
Luboslav Stárka
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Specific Radioimmunoassay ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Three Body ◽  
First Time ◽  
Nanomolar Range ◽  
Detection And Quantification

3β,7α-Dihydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one (1) (7α-OH-DHEA) and its 7β-hydroxy epimer 2 (7β-OH-DHEA) - 7α- and 7β-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone - were detected and quantified in three human body fluids: in blood serum, saliva and ejaculate. Specific radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry have been used. For the first time the data on changes of these dehydroepiandrosterone metabolites are reported for a representative group of healthy subjects of both sexes (172 females and 217 males) during the life span. The serum levels of both 7-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone epimers in serum and also in semen were in the low nanomolar range, while concentrations by one order of magnitude lower were found in saliva, but still within the detection limit. The results will serve as a basis for comparative studies of 7-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone levels under various pathophysiological conditions, with a particular respect to autoimmune disorders.

Multicanonical Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of the Liquid-Solid and Solid-Solid Transitions in Lennard-Jones Clusters

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Kaneko ◽  
Kenji Yasuoka ◽  
Ayori Mitsutake ◽  
Xiao Cheng Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Temperature Curve ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Lennard Jones ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement

Multicanonical molecular dynamics simulations are applied, for the first time, to study the liquid-solid and solid-solid transitions in Lennard-Jones (LJ) clusters. The transition temperatures are estimated based on the peak position in the heat capacity versus temperature curve. For LJ31, LJ58 and LJ98, our results on the solid-solid transition temperature are in good agreement with previous ones. For LJ309, the predicted liquid-solid transition temperature is also in agreement with previous result.

scholarly journals Observations on Palaeogeographical Evolution of Akrotiri Salt Lake, Lemesos, Cyprus

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Miltiadis Polidorou ◽  
Niki Evelpidou ◽  
Theodora Tsourou ◽  
Hara Drinia ◽  
Ferréol Salomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Active Tectonics ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Holocene Sediment ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

Akrotiri Salt Lake is located 5 km west of the city of Lemesos in the southernmost part of the island of Cyprus. The evolution of the Akrotiri Salt Lake is of great scientific interest, occurring during the Holocene when eustatic and isostatic movements combined with local active tectonics and climate change developed a unique geomorphological environment. The Salt Lake today is a closed lagoon, which is depicted in Venetian maps as being connected to the sea, provides evidence of the geological setting and landscape evolution of the area. In this study, for the first time, we investigated the development of the Akrotiri Salt Lake through a series of three cores which penetrated the Holocene sediment sequence. Sedimentological and micropaleontological analyses, as well as geochronological studies were performed on the deposited sediments, identifying the complexity of the evolution of the Salt Lake and the progressive change of the area from a maritime space to an open bay and finally to a closed salt lake.

Darstellung, Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalyse von Chloro-Bromo-Rhodaten(III) / Preparation, Vibration Spectra and Normal Coordinate Analysis of Chloro-Bromo-Rhodates(III)

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1221-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Preetz ◽  
W. Kuhr
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Trans Isomers ◽  
Normal Coordinate ◽  
Valence Force ◽  
Trans Influence ◽  
Diethylaminoethyl Cellulose ◽  
Point Groups ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ir And Raman ◽  
Good Agreement

The mixed chloro-bromo-rhodates(III) [RhClnBr6-n]3-, n = 1-5, have been separated for the first time by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose. Due to the stronger trans-effect of Br, as compared with Cl, on treatment of [RhBr6]3- with conc. HCl nearly pure cis/fac-isomers for n = 2, 3, 4 are formed. The reaction of [RhCl6]3- with conc. HBr yields mixtures of the cis/trans-isomers for n = 2, 4, which cannot be separated, but mer-[RhCl3Br3]3 is formed stereospecifically. The IR and Raman spectra of all isolated mixed ligand complexes are completely assigned according to point groups Oh, D3d, C4v, C3v and C2v, supported by normal coordinate analyses based on a general valence force field. The good agreement of calculated and observed frequencies confirms the assignments. Due to the stronger trans-influence of Br as compared to Cl, in all asymmetric Cl—Rh—Br axes the Rh—Br bonds are strengthened and the Rh—Cl bonds are weakened, indicated by valence force constants for Rh—Br approximately 14% higher, for Rh—Cl 10% lower, as compared with the values calculated for symmetric Br—Rh—Br and Cl—Rh—Cl axes, respectively.

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