Development of desiccation tolerance in Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) seeds during maturation drying

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Hong ◽  
R. H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Considerable Improvement ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Filling Phase

AbstractNorway maple (Acer platanoides L.) seeds were harvested at different stages of seed development and maturation in 1989–91. As maturation drying progressed, the seed populations showed increasing desiccation tolerance: at 67–69% moisture content, no seeds survived desiccation below 10% moisture content; maturation drying to 55–57% moisture content (values corresponding with the end of the seed-filling phase) improved desiccation tolerance, but nevertheless most seeds were unable to withstand desiccation to 5–7% moisture content; further maturation drying to 27–28% moisture content enabled the seeds to survive considerable desiccation, no loss in viability occurring in seeds dried to 3% moisture content. This considerable improvement in desiccation tolerance after the end of the seed-filling phase was correlated (P<0.05) with the progress of maturation drying and may be associated with the increase in the potential longevity of seeds of other species that occurs during seed development subsequent to seed filling.

The effects of desiccation on seed survival in Acer platanoides L. and Acer pseudoplatanus L.

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Dickie ◽  
K. May ◽  
S. V. A. Morris ◽  
S. E. Titley
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Tetrazolium Staining

AbstractMature seeds of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) are tolerant of desiccation, at least to moisture contents of about 7% (fresh weight basis), but those of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) are killed by drying below about 45% moisture content. Sycamore seeds are thus recalcitrant; while the classification of those of Norway maple as orthodox is confirmed by the fact that between 19% and 7.5% moisture content their longevity is increased in a predictable way by reduction of seed moisturecontent. However, the period of useful storage of the latter in seed banks may be much less than for many crop species. The rates of water loss to a dry environment of both fruits and seeds of sycamore are much less than those of Norway maple, suggesting a degree of desiccationavoidance in the desiccation-intolerant species. Seed physiological maturity (maximum dry weight) occurred 2–3 weeks earlier in Norway maple than insycamore, but in both species this occurred about 150–160 days after peak flowering. Tetrazolium staining is a good indicator of embryo viability in both species, correlating well with germination test results. In Norway maple both methods of viability testing indicated that whole-seed desiccation tolerance coincided with the attainment of maximum dry weight. Tetrazolium staining indicated the development of desiccation tolerance in the radicles/hypocotyls of both species approximately 2–4 weeks before physiological maturity. Possible correlation between changes in the level of embryo dormancy during development and the acquisition of desiccation tolerance are discussed.

Accumulation of sugars during the onset and development of desiccation tolerance in immature seeds of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) stored moist

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.D. Hong ◽  
A. Gedebo ◽  
R.H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Moist Storage

AbstractThe viability of Norway maple seeds collected 21 d before mass maturity (68%moisture content, wet basis) and at mass maturity (56% moisture content) was reduced from 52–85% to 0–7% if dried rapidly (at 10–12% r.h. and 15–17°C for 3 d, then 3 d over silica gel) to 4–5% moisture content. Moist storage of the fruits at 15°C improved the ability of the seeds to tolerate rapid desiccation considerably: 10 and 21 d of moist storage enabled seeds collected at mass maturity or 21 d earlier, respectively, to attain maximum desiccation tolerance to 4–5% moisture content. Moist storage and/or subsequent desiccation affected stachyose, sucrose, and to a lesser extent raffinose, concentrations. The oligosaccharide:total sugar ratio showed a similar pattern in relation to ability to germinate after desiccation to 4–5% moisture content among seeds collected on both dates: desiccation tolerance developed from nil to maximal in these seed populations between threshold oligosaccharide:total sugar values of just less than 0.3 and about 0.4.

Seed development in Malva parviflora: onset of germinability, dormancy and desiccation tolerance

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pippa J. Michael ◽  
Kathryn J. Steadman ◽  
Julie A. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Malva Parviflora

Seed development was examined in Malva parviflora. The first flower opened 51 days after germination; flowers were tagged on the day that they opened and monitored for 33 days. Seeds were collected at 12 stages during this period and used to determine moisture content, germination of fresh seeds and desiccation tolerance (seeds dried to 10% moisture content followed by germination testing). Seed moisture content decreased as seeds developed, whereas fresh (max. 296 mg) and dry weight (max. 212 mg) increased to peak at 12–15 and ~21 days after flowering (DAF), respectively. Therefore, physiological maturity occurred at 21 DAF, when seed moisture content was 16–21%. Seeds were capable of germinating early in development, reaching a maximum of 63% at 9 DAF, but germination declined as development continued, presumably due to the imposition of physiological dormancy. Physical dormancy developed at or after physiological maturity, once seed moisture content declined below 20%. Seeds were able to tolerate desiccation from 18 DAF; desiccation hastened development of physical dormancy and improved germination. These results provide important information regarding M. parviflora seed development, which will ultimately improve weed control techniques aimed at preventing seed set and further additions to the seed bank.

Changes in seed quality during seed development and maturation in tomato

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Demir ◽  
R. H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Seed Moisture

AbstractChanges in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill.) seed quality were monitored during seed development and maturation in glasshouse experiments in 2 years. The end of the seedfilling period (mass maturity) occurred 35–41 d after anthesis (differing among trusses) in 1989 and 42 d after anthesis in 1990. Seed moisture contents at this developmental stage were 53–72% (wet basis), while the onset of ability to germinate (during 21-d tests at 20°/30°C) and the onset of tolerance to rapid enforced desiccation occurred just before (1990) or just after (1989) mass maturity. In 1989, seed quality was assessed primarily by seedling size in a glasshouse experiment; maximum mean seedling dry weight 25 d after sowing was not achieved until 24–40 d after mass maturity. In 1990, seed quality was assessed primarily by germination following storage; maximum normal germination after 35 d in storage at 40 °C with 14 ± 0.5% moisture content was attained 23 d after mass maturity, but with little difference among seed lots harvested 10 d earlier or up to 30 d later. The results contradict the hypothesis that maximum seed quality is attained at the end of the seed-filling period and that seed viability and vigour begin to decline immediately thereafter.

Indeterminate development in desiccation-sensitive seeds of Quercus robur L.

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Finch-Savage ◽  
P. S. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Terminal Phase ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Orthodox Seeds

AbstractFruit and seed development in Quercus robur L. were studied on a single tree over five consecutive seasons. Patterns of growth in the cotyledons and embryonic axes differed between years and resulted in seeds of very different sizes. Moisture content at shedding also differed between years, and late-shed seeds had lower moisture contents than early-shed seeds. Moisture content at shedding was negatively correlated with desiccation tolerance. Seed development in Q. robur therefore appeared indeterminate and did not end in a period of rapid desiccation.Sensitivity to desiccation in Q. robur was not due to an inability to accumulate dehydrin proteins, ABA or soluble sugars, substances that have been linked with the acquisition of desiccation tolerance in orthodox seeds. There were great similarities between several aspects of Q. robur seed development and that of orthodox seeds before the latter entered the terminal phase of rapid desiccation. This pattern of seed development contrasted with that reported for the highly desiccation-sensitive seeds of Avicennia marina.

Putative desiccation tolerance mechanisms in orthodox and recalcitrant seeds of the genusAcer

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Greggains ◽  
William E. Finch-Savage ◽  
W. Paul Quick ◽  
Neil M. Atherton
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Recalcitrant Seeds ◽  
Viability Loss ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Recalcitrant Species

AbstractRecalcitrant seeds are shed moist from the plant and do not survive desiccation to the low moisture contents required for prolonged storage. It has been widely hypothesised that during desiccation of these seeds a stress induced metabolic imbalance develops that leads to free radical mediated damage and viability loss. We investigated this hypothesis in a comparison of two sympatric species ofAcerduring late seed development and post-harvest desiccation:A. platanoides(Norway maple) has orthodox seeds andA. pseudoplatanus(sycamore) has recalcitrant seeds. In both species, respiration rates declined to similar levels at shedding, and the extent of defences against free radicals appears no less in sycamore than that in Norway maple. During drying there was no evidence for the accumulation of a stable free radical, increased lipid peroxidation or decline in free radical scavenging enzymes in either species. In addition, there was a very similar, large increase in total tocopherol in both species. This increase in sycamore was largely of alpha-tocopherol, whereas in Norway maple the increase was largely from its precursor, gamma-tocopherol. Arguably this suggests a similar mechanism in both species, but increased oxidative stress in sycamore. In general, the results suggest that, although damage resulting in viability loss was clearly taking place, the limitation to desiccation tolerance did not result from inadequate free radical scavenging. Soluble carbohydrates and dehydrin-like proteins were also measured during late seed development and drying in sycamore and Norway maple. The greater concentrations of sucrose, raffinose and stachyose and amounts of dehydrins in the radicles and cotyledons of Norway maple compared with those in sycamore was consistent with greater desiccation tolerance in the former. Sycamore seeds are dormant and at the tolerant end of the continuum of desiccation sensitivity among recalcitrant species, and this may account for their different response to that of the seeds of other more sensitive recalcitrant species studied.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KADAR LENGAS TANAH PADA BERBAGAI FASE PERTUMBUHAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KEDELAI

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Achmad Fatchul Aziez ◽  
Agus Budiyono ◽  
Endang Suprapti ◽  
Ari Kus Wardiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Filling Phase ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Branches

Soybeans are a very important food requirement in Indonesia, but they often face drought problems. Drought stress causes inefficient nitrogen absorption and makes the stomata close early so photosynthesis is not optimal, resulting in reduced yield. This research was conducted from August 2020 to October 2020 in Demangan village, Sambi sub-district, Boyolali district with polybags in a plastic house. This research method used Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors and repeated 3 times. The first factor was soil moisture content consisting ie. 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of field capacity. The second factor, the growth phase consists of active vegetative, flowering, and seed filling. Observations included the number of branches, number of productive branches, number of trifoliate leaves, the weight of filled pods, and weight of 100 dry seeds. Drought stress reduced the growth and yield of soybean at 25% moisture content in the field capacity of the seed filling phase. The number of branches, the number of productive branches, the number of trifoliate leaves, the weight of filled pods, and the weight of 100 dry seeds decreased with the lowest value.

scholarly journals Desiccation Tolerance of Deciduous Plants During Postharvest Handling

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Paul Murakami ◽  
Tony H.H. Chen ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Whole Plants

Abstract Nurserymen consider Washington hawthorn (Crategus phaenopyrum Med.) sensitive and Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) tolerant to postharvest practices. The desiccation tolerance, cold hardiness and water potential at various growth stages were monitored on field-grown Washington hawthorn and Norway maple. There were no differences between these two species in the rate of water loss in the root, shoot or whole plants. Hawthorn, however, was more sensitive to desiccation stress than maple throughout all growth stages. The roots lost water at a faster rate than the stems in both species. Hawthorn plants acquired rest and cold hardened later in the fall and attained less dormancy and less freezing tolerance than did maple.

The effect of the initial rate of drying on the subsequent ability of immature seeds of Norway maple (Acer platanoidesL.) to survive rapid desiccation

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Hong ◽  
R. H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Optimum Duration ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Immature Seeds

AbstractThe viability of Norway maple seeds harvested at mass maturity (57.3% moisture content) was reduced from 100% to only 38% if dried rapidly (at 15% RH and 15°C for 3 days) to 4.7% moisture content. In contrast, slow drying for 32 days (the optimum duration of several investigated) to 29.9% moisture content enabled 93% of the seeds to survive subsequent rapid desiccation to 3.5% moisture content. This is similar to the 95% viability shown by seeds harvested 40 days after mass maturity and then dried rapidly to 4.4% moisture content. However, fruits or seeds harvested at mass maturity and then held moist for 21 days also showed 94 and 91% viability after subsequent rapid desiccation to 3.8 and 3.3% moisture content, respectively. Thus a post-ovule-abscission programme is required before Norway maple seeds are able to tolerate rapid enforced desiccation to low moisture contents, but loss in moisture during this period is not essential to the development of desiccation tolerance.

Changes in potential seed longevity and seedling growth during seed development and maturation in marrow

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Demir ◽  
R. H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Longevity ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Filling Phase

AbstractMarrow (Cucurbita pepo L.) seed quality was monitored during seed development and maturation in 2 years. Mass maturity (end of the seed-filling phase) was attained 61–63 d and 54 d after anthesis in 1989 and 1990, respectively, when seed moisture contents had declined to 40–48% (wet basis). Considerable dormancy was encountered during standard germination tests, but was overcome by decoating the seeds. The ability of dried, decoated seeds to germinate normally in standard tests reached near maximal values shortly after mass maturity; these values were more or less maintained in seeds from subsequent harvests. Maximum seed longevity in air-dry storage was detected in seeds harvested 24 d (1989) and 26–31 d (1990) after mass maturity. Seedling dry weights 15 d after sowing were greatest for seeds harvested 2–22 d (basal fruits) or 14 d (apical fruits) after mass maturity in 1989, and were positively correlated (P<0.01) with times from seedling emergence to seedling harvest. Consequently in the subsequent year the hypothesis that these differences in seedling dry weight were solely due to differences in times from sowing to emergence was tested (and confirmed). Seedling relative growth rates did not differ with seed harvest date (P>0.25) in 1990, but absolute seedling size did (P<0.005); seeds harvested 21–31 d after mass maturity had the greatest seedling weight and also growth rate (in absolute terms) at any one time after sowing. Decline in seed quality (when assessed by both potential seed longevity and seedling growth) was not detected until the final harvest interval in 1990 (85–90 d after anthesis, 31–36 d after mass maturity). These results for marrow contradict both aspects of the general hypothesis that seed quality is maximal at the end of the seed-filling phase and that viability and vigour begin to decline thereafter.

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