scholarly journals Continuous phase transitions on Galton–Watson trees

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Tobias Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Discrete Systems ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Recursive Structure ◽  
Continuous Phase Transition ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Order Phase

Abstract Distinguishing between continuous and first-order phase transitions is a major challenge in random discrete systems. We study the topic for events with recursive structure on Galton–Watson trees. For example, let $\mathcal{T}_1$ be the event that a Galton–Watson tree is infinite and let $\mathcal{T}_2$ be the event that it contains an infinite binary tree starting from its root. These events satisfy similar recursive properties: $\mathcal{T}_1$ holds if and only if $\mathcal{T}_1$ holds for at least one of the trees initiated by children of the root, and $\mathcal{T}_2$ holds if and only if $\mathcal{T}_2$ holds for at least two of these trees. The probability of $\mathcal{T}_1$ has a continuous phase transition, increasing from 0 when the mean of the child distribution increases above 1. On the other hand, the probability of $\mathcal{T}_2$ has a first-order phase transition, jumping discontinuously to a non-zero value at criticality. Given the recursive property satisfied by the event, we describe the critical child distributions where a continuous phase transition takes place. In many cases, we also characterise the event undergoing the phase transition.

OBSERVATION OF PHASE TRANSITIONS AT THE (100) SURFACE OF Al-3 at.% Ag

1995 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. WETLI ◽  
M. HOCHSTRASSER ◽  
D. PESCIA ◽  
M. ERBUDAK
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Short Range Order ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
First Order Phase

In the bulk binary alloy Al-3 at.% Ag , Ag 2 Al precipitates are formed below 410°C which are reversibly dissolved at elevated temperatures. We have followed this phase transition at a (100) surface as a function of temperature by monitoring the bandwidth of the Ag 4d states in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Since the bandwidth measures the coordination number of the emitting atoms, it directly reveals the short-range order of the Ag atoms at the surface. The measurements show that the dissolution of the Ag -rich clusters starts at temperatures at least 100 K below the bulk transition, and the observed hysteresis behavior is indicative of a first-order phase transition at the surface.

GRAVITATIONAL WAVES FROM COSMOLOGICAL PHASE TRANSITIONS

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (08n09) ◽  
pp. 1541-1544
Author(s):  
ARIEL MÉGEVAND
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Order Phase Transition ◽  
Gravitational Radiation ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
First Order Phase

I discuss the gravitational radiation produced in a first-order phase transition due to the turbulence that is caused by bubble expansion. I compare the cases of deflagration and detonation bubbles.

Phase transitions and topological defects

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kachelriess
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
False Vacuum ◽  
First Order ◽  
Broken Symmetries ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
True Vacuum ◽  
First Order Phase

As the early universe cools down, it may perform transitions to phases with more and more broken symmetries. In a first-order phase transition, fields may be trapped in the false vacuum; the rate of the resulting tunneling process to the true vacuum is derived. Phase transitions can lead also to the formation of topological defects. Their structure and the reason for their stability are discussed.

Modeling of Phase Transitions Kinetics in Systems with Two Interacting Order Parameters

2016 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Kuzmin ◽  
Igor V. Bychkov ◽  
Ivan Yu. Biryukov ◽  
Alexander P. Kamantsev ◽  
Victor V. Koledov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Order Phase Transition ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Order Parameters ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
1D Model ◽  
Coupled Solution ◽  
First Order Phase

We present common 1D model of first order phase transition based on coupled solution of order parameters evolution and heat transfer equations. Such a model may be used for simulation of phase transitions in multiferroics or magnetostructural phase transitions, for example. First order phase transition process has been described by Landau-Khalatnikov-like equation with the thermodynamic potential of 2-3-4 and 2-4-6 types.

WEIGHT RATIO FIXING AT FIRST ORDER PHASE TRANSITIONS

1992 ◽  
Vol 03 (05) ◽  
pp. 1109-1117
Author(s):  
THOMAS LIPPERT ◽  
KLAUS SCHILLING ◽  
PEER UEBERHOLZ ◽  
GYAN BHANOT
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
First Order Phase

The presence of strong metastabilities in computer simulations of models showing a first order phase transition hinders a reliable determination of the weight ratio between the two phases. We discuss a new phenomenological method which allows an accurate fixing of the weight ratio using the standard multihistogram procedure.

A FIRST ORDER PHASE TRANSITION IN ISING FERRIMAGNETS

1995 ◽  
Vol 09 (21) ◽  
pp. 1347-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
HASAN M. AL MUKADAM ◽  
DIMO I. UZUNOV
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Order Parameter ◽  
Mean Field Theory ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Exchange Constants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Order Phase ◽  
Ising Spins

The mean field theory is used for the analysis of a two-sublattice system of Ising spins, which describes ferro-, antiferro-, and ferrimagnetic orderings. It is proven that the phase transition in these systems is of a first order when the exchange constants of the sublattices are different. The free energy, the order parameter profiles and the latent heat of the phase transition are calculated for almost equivalent sublattices.

Research of Changes of Value of Potential Barrier at the Metal/Polymer Interface during Phase Transitions in Metal

2016 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Pavel Chernov ◽  
Aleksandr Ponomarev ◽  
Aleksei N. Lachinov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Potential Barrier ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Current Voltage Characteristics ◽  
First Order Phase ◽  
Metal Polymer

The article is devoted to the study of influence of the first-order phase transition in a metal (In) on changes in the metal/polymer potential barrier. The metal that undergoes the phase transition is not in direct contact with the polymer film. Analysis of the current-voltage characteristics allows to calculate the changes in the magnitude of the metal/polymer potential barrier at the phase transitions in In.

scholarly journals Phase transitions in neutron stars

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1830008 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dexheimer ◽  
L. T. T. Soethe ◽  
J. Roark ◽  
R. O. Gomes ◽  
S. O. Kepler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Neutron Stars ◽  
Order Phase Transition ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Core ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
First Order Phase

In this paper, we review the most common descriptions for the first-order phase transition to deconfined quark matter in the core of neutron stars. We also present a new description of these phase transitions in the core of proto-neutron stars, in which more constraints are enforced so as to include trapped neutrinos. Finally, we calculate the emission of gravitational waves associated with deconfinement phase transitions, discuss the possibility of their detection, and how this would provide information about the equation of state of dense matter.

scholarly journals Dark confinement and chiral phase transitions: gravitational waves vs matter representations

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Reichert ◽  
Francesco Sannino ◽  
Zhi-Wei Wang ◽  
Chen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Order Phase Transition ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
Chiral Phase ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
First Order Phase

Abstract We study the gravitational-wave signal stemming from strongly coupled models featuring both, dark chiral and confinement phase transitions. We therefore identify strongly coupled theories that can feature a first-order phase transition. Employing the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, we focus our attention on SU(3) Yang-Mills theories featuring fermions in fundamental, adjoint, and two-index symmetric representations. We discover that for the gravitational-wave signals analysis, there are significant differences between the various representations. Interestingly we also observe that the two-index symmetric representation leads to the strongest first-order phase transition and therefore to a higher chance of being detected by the Big Bang Observer experiment. Our study of the confinement and chiral phase transitions is further applicable to extensions of the Standard Model featuring composite dynamics.

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