scholarly journals The Alliance for Progress and housing policy in Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires in the 1960s

Urban History ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 303-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEANDRO BENMERGUI
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
Alliance For Progress ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Low Income Housing

ABSTRACTThis article explores the construction of publicly financed low-income housing complexes in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Buenos Aires, Argentina, in the 1960s. These housing developments were possible thanks to the arrival of foreign economic and technical assistance from the Alliance for Progress. Urban scholars, politicians, diplomats and urbanists of the Americas sought to promote middle-class habits, mass consumption and moderate political behaviour, especially among the poor, by expanding access to homeownership and ‘decent’ living conditions for a burgeoning urban population. As a result, the history of low-income housing should be understood within broader transnational discourses and practices about the ‘modernization’ and ‘development’ of the urban poor.

Favelas, Affordable Housing, and Authoritarian Urbanism in the Era of Mass Eradication in Rio de Janeiro, 1960s–1970s

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Benmergui
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

As the number of favelas and poor residents of Rio de Janeiro grew quickly by the mid-20th century, they became the object of policymaking, social science research, real estate speculation, and grassroots mobilization. After a decade in which local authorities recognized the de facto presence of favelas but without legally ascertaining the right of permanence, the 1960s and early 1970s witnessed the era of mass eradication. Seemingly contradictory—but complementary—policies also included the development of massive low-income housing complexes and innovative community development and favela urbanization experiences empowered by community organizations with the assistance of experts committed to improving the lives of poor Cariocas (residents of Rio). Favelas in Rio were at the crossroads of a particular interplay of forces: the urgent need to modernize Rio’s obsolete and inadequate urban infrastructure; the new administrative status of the city after the inauguration of Brasilia; and the redefinition of the balance of power between local, municipal, and federal forces in a time of radical politics and authoritarian and technocratic military regimes, Cold War diplomacy, and the transnational flows of expertise and capital.

scholarly journals ‘HIGH POLITICS’ AND THE ‘NEW POLITICAL HISTORY’

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID M. CRAIG
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
Political World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Michael Oakeshott ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
High Politics

ABSTRACTRecent claims about the convergence in methodology between ‘high politics’ and the ‘new political history’ remain unclear. The first part of this review examines two deeply entrenched misunderstandings of key works of high politics from the 1960s and 1970s, namely that they proposed elitist arguments about the ‘closed’ nature of the political world, and reductive arguments about the irrelevance of ‘ideas’ to political behaviour. The second part traces the intellectual ancestry of Maurice Cowling's thinking about politics, and places it within an interpretative tradition of social science. The formative influences of R. G. Collingwood and Michael Oakeshott are examined, and Mark Bevir's Logic of the history of ideas is used to highlight how Cowling's approach can be aligned with ‘new political history’.

Moving On and Moving Back: Rethinking Inequality and Migration in the Latin American City

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRYAN R. ROBERTS
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Guatemala City ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
External Actors ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper focuses on the similarities and differences between contemporary urban organisation and that of the 1960s in Guatemala City and other Latin American cities, mainly using data taken from a re-study of low-income neighbourhoods in Guatemala City. It looks at the impact of sharper patterns of residential segregation, changes in migration patterns, rising levels of crime and violence, and the increase in the relationships of the urban poor with external actors, such as governments and NGOs. Severe inequality persists, but is mediated by an improvement in living standards, by the range of consumer goods accessible to the poor, and by community- and family-based adaptation.

Housing and the Urban Poor: The Case of Bogotá, Colombia

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-124
Author(s):  
Timothy O'Dea Gauhan
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Income Housing

In a setting as complex as the modern city we can expect that a number of diverse factors wil combine to influence the urban environment and the quality of life and well being of those who reside in it. In the major cities of the developing world, where change is typically rapid, economic and social relationships are diverse, and the patterns of development are often different and in some ways more complex than those of the cities of industrialized nations, and the forces which shape the character of urban life are particularly numerous and often confusing.The present paper examines a single component of the total environment of the Latin American city of Bogotá, Colombia: the low-income housing market. We begin by looking at some of the more important environmental, socioeconomic, and political factors that have shaped the character of the low-income housing market of the city, with an emphasis on the impact of public policy.

Materials for Extension Low-Income Housing: The Case of Bang Bua Community in Bangkok, Thailand

2013 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayatat Tonmitr
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Architectural Engineering ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Low Income Housing

Housing for the poor in Thailand in a period of a decade, Baan Mankong Programme (BMP) has been largely focused. This paper focuses on an architectural engineering point of view to explore the housing phenomena with its conversion as well as the usage of extension materials. Extension materials are clarified and made categorizations to unveil the trends of practical urban poor housing case, Bang Bua community in Bangkok, Thailand. Two types of extension were apparent which roof and wall extensions are. The imperative factors to be determined for the extension materials consist of easiness of affordability, easiness of installation, materials cost, durability of usage as well as social situation; safety for instance.

scholarly journals Low income housing problems and low-income housing solutions: opportunities and challenges in Bulawayo

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 927-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chigwenya Average
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Sustainable Housing ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The City ◽  
Low Income Housing

Abstract The provision of housing for the low-income has been a major problem in many countries and the developing world has been hard hit. This inability has been the chief cause of the burgeoning slum settlement in cities of the globe where one billion people live in slum areas. The solution to the housing problem lies in the opening up of stakeholders’ participation in the provision of housing, where government, non-governmental organisation, multilateral agencies and the community can play a critical role. Critical in the whole process is the participation of urban poor in the provision of housing for the poor, where they are critical actors in defining housing programmes that best suit the urban poor. This research seeks to analyse the initiatives that have been taken by the urban poor in the city of Bulawayo in providing housing for the poor. The research made use both qualitative and quantitative methodologies in investigating the matter. Questionnaire was the main instrument to collect quantitative data and interviews and field observations were used to collect qualitative data. The research showed that there are a lot positive initiatives by the urban poor in the city of Bulawayo to provide house for the urban poor and these initiatives appear appealing to the poor as they are giving them a roof over their heads, which was never a dream in their lives. Though they appear noble they however fall far too short to provide sustainable housing to the poor as they appear to be a potential health hazard for the city. There is need for city authorities or any interested stakeholder to provide more support to such initiatives so that they can provide more sustainable housing for the poor. This will produce a housing scheme that will contribute to reduction of slum dwellers as called by the Millennium Development Goals.

scholarly journals ‘An open secret’: Public housing and downward raiding in Rio de Janeiro

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802096443
Author(s):  
Jeff Garmany ◽  
John Burdick
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
Private Housing ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Low Income Housing

This article examines a case of urban displacement currently underway in central Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In some respects, this case represents a classic example of what researchers call ‘downward raiding’: a type of urban displacement whereby low-income housing is exploited by higher-income groups. Yet, in other respects, it also raises important questions about the ways urban displacement happens in public housing, as well as how downward raiding operates on the ground in cities. By exploring these questions, this article aims to accomplish two goals: first, to investigate an overlooked and often hidden form of urban displacement that, in this case, coincides with a large-scale, public–private housing initiative; and, second, to critically interrogate the concept of downward raiding in order to better understand and define the process. It is argued that by placing greater emphasis on how, empirically speaking, urban displacement happens, researchers may gain new insight into diverse forms of urban displacement in cities around the world.

scholarly journals Institution-Building – Lessons from History

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Nadeem ul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Donor Funding ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Post War

In the post war world, numerous attempts at all levels – multinational, bilateral and domestic – have been made to foster growth and development in the low income world so that these countries can catch up with their richer brethren from the industrial countries. Why has growth not been faster? What can be done to make these countries achieve more balanced and sustainable growth? These are important questions of the day that are preoccupying all serious positive social science and development policymaking. To a large extent, many of the answers that are being derived relate to the failure of these countries to develop key institutions. Most practitioners and thinkers are now in agreement on this issue but remain perplexed at what is required to develop these institutions. The public sector’s attempts at developing the institutions within its fold have not succeeded. The fostering of non-governmental institutions also remains fairly uneven in its results. Donor funding for institutional support too has had very limited results despite the extensive history of sectoral and institutional reform that has been supported by substantial financial and technical assistance and resources.

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