Moving On and Moving Back: Rethinking Inequality and Migration in the Latin American City

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRYAN R. ROBERTS
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Guatemala City ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
External Actors ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper focuses on the similarities and differences between contemporary urban organisation and that of the 1960s in Guatemala City and other Latin American cities, mainly using data taken from a re-study of low-income neighbourhoods in Guatemala City. It looks at the impact of sharper patterns of residential segregation, changes in migration patterns, rising levels of crime and violence, and the increase in the relationships of the urban poor with external actors, such as governments and NGOs. Severe inequality persists, but is mediated by an improvement in living standards, by the range of consumer goods accessible to the poor, and by community- and family-based adaptation.

Housing and the Urban Poor: The Case of Bogotá, Colombia

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-124
Author(s):  
Timothy O'Dea Gauhan
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Income Housing

In a setting as complex as the modern city we can expect that a number of diverse factors wil combine to influence the urban environment and the quality of life and well being of those who reside in it. In the major cities of the developing world, where change is typically rapid, economic and social relationships are diverse, and the patterns of development are often different and in some ways more complex than those of the cities of industrialized nations, and the forces which shape the character of urban life are particularly numerous and often confusing.The present paper examines a single component of the total environment of the Latin American city of Bogotá, Colombia: the low-income housing market. We begin by looking at some of the more important environmental, socioeconomic, and political factors that have shaped the character of the low-income housing market of the city, with an emphasis on the impact of public policy.

Ciguapas in New York: Transcultural Ethnicity and Transracialization in Dominican American Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMILIA MARÍA DURÁN-ALMARZA
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Dominican Women ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dominican American

The Dominican American community in New York is perhaps one of the best examples of how processes of transculturation are affecting traditional definitions of ethnic identification. Given the intense economic, social and cultural transnational exchanges between the island and the USA from the 1960s, Dominicanyorks have been challenging the illusion of homogeneity in the definition of Americanness for decades, creating transnational social networks that transcend traditional national and ethnographic boundaries. The theatrical works of Josefina Báez, a Dominican American performer living in New York, and Sherezada (Chiqui) Vicioso, a Dominican poet and playwright who lived and worked in the US metropolis for decades before moving back to the Dominican Republic, lyrically explore issues of diaspora, identity and migration and the impact these phenomena might have in the lives of migrant Dominican women. Presenting diasporic experiences from two differing but interconnected locales – New York and the Dominican Republic – these plays offer two complementary views on the ways in which ethnicity, race, social class, age and geopolitical location interact in the formation of transcultural identities, thus contributing to develop a hemispheric approach to the study of identity formation in the Americas.

scholarly journals Nonlinear Dynamics in the Finance-Inequality Nexus in China-CHNS Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Masudur Rahman ◽  
Guan Fuquan ◽  
Laila Arjuman Ara
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Income Group ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Quantile Regression Model ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

This paper empirically investigates the effects of financial development on incomes of Chinese residents particularly within various income groups using data from six provinces by applying the Quantile Regression model. The Greenwood and Jovanovich hypothesis that illustrates the inverted U shaped relationship between financial development and income inequality is tested. This empirical study demonstrates that financial development has a positive but non-linear effect on the annual income of individuals from various income groups at different quantiles. The effect is an inverted U or Kuznets effect indicating an increase at first and then a drop. As for the distribution of the impact on various income groups, the low-income group is under the most dominant influence followed by the high-income group with the middle-income groups receiving relatively smaller influence. Findings indicate that promoting balanced financial development would help to ease the income gap between Chinese residents.

scholarly journals Developing obstetric medicine training in Latin America

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Rojas-Suarez ◽  
Niza Suarez ◽  
Oier Ateka-Barrutia
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Obstetric Medicine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

Maternal mortality is an important indicator of health in populations around the world. The distribution of maternal mortality ratio globally shows that middle- and low-income countries have ∼99% of the mortality burden. Most countries of Latin America are considered to be middle- or low-income countries, as well as areas of major inequities among the different social classes. Medical problems in pregnancy remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality in this region. Previous data indicate the need for a call to action for adequate diagnosis and care of medical diseases in obstetric care. The impact of nonobstetric and medical pathologies on maternal mortality in Latin America is largely unknown. In Latin America, two educational initiatives have been proposed to improve skills in maternity care. The Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO®) was first started to address obstetric emergencies, and subsequently adapted for low-middle-income country settings as the Global ALSO®. In parallel, the Latin American obstetric anesthesia community has progressively focused on improvement of several intrapartum/intraoperative issues, which has secondarily taken them to embrace the obstetric medicine area on interest and join the former initiatives. In the present review, we summarize the available data regarding medical morbidity and mortality in pregnancy in Latin America, as well as the challenges, achievements, issues, initiatives, and future directions encouraging maternal health educators, health care trainers, and physicians in middle- and low-income countries, such as many Latin American ones, to improve and/or change attitudes, if needed, on current clinical practice.

Hypertension as a predictor of outcome and treatment response to cetuximab: A retrospective analysis of NCIC CTG CO.17.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 256-256
Author(s):  
Shelly Sud ◽  
Christopher J. O'Callaghan ◽  
Caleb Jonker ◽  
Christos Stelios Karapetis ◽  
Timothy Jay Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Invasion And Migration ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

256 Background: Adrenergic receptor stimulation is involved in development of hypertension (HTN), and is implicated in progression and dissemination of metastases in tumour types such as colon cancer (CRC). Adrenergic antagonists, such as beta-blockers (BB), demonstrate inhibition of invasion and migration in CRC cell lines and have been associated with decreased mortality in advanced CRC. We examined the association of baseline HTN (BHTN) and use of BB on overall (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) of pts with pre-treated, chemotherapy refractory, metastatic CRC (mCRC). We also examined BHTN and BB use as predictors of Cetuximab (CET) efficacy. Methods: Using data from NCIC CO.17 (CET vs. BSC), we coded BHTN and use of anti-HTN meds (Rx), including BB, for 572 pts. Chi-square test assessed association between these variables and baseline characteristics. Univariate and multivariate analyses of OS and PFS by BHTN diagnosis and BB use were performed using Cox regression models. Results: Pts with BHTN (149/572) and those using BB (60/572) were older, had diminished performance status, and higher creatinine levels. BHTN, BB use and anti-HTN Rx were not prognostic for OS and PFS, though a trend was noted between BB use and improved PFS (HR 1.38 [0.97- 1.96], p= 0.077). BHTN and BB use were not significant predictors of CET benefit. However, pts with BHTN tended to have a stronger treatment effect in PFS from CET (interaction p = 0.074). Conclusions: In chemo-refractory mCRC, BHTN and BB use are not significant prognostic factors. BHTN and BB use are also not predictive of CET benefit, though pts with baseline HTN may benefit from a stronger treatment effect with CET. Patients with chemo-refractory mCRC may be biologically selected and the impact of BB use in earlier lines may therefore still warrant investigation. [Table: see text]

Where the Rubber Meets the Road: Rethinking the Connection Between High-Stakes Testing Policy and Classroom Instruction

2007 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Classroom Instruction ◽  
High Stakes Testing ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Collegial Interactions ◽  
Instructional Content ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Testing Policies

In this article, the author examines the link between high-stakes testing policies and classroom instruction. Using data from classroom observations and interviews with teachers, he argues that these policies influence instruction but are mediated by teachers and filtered through their collegial interactions. He shows that teachers link the influence of high-stakes testing policies to instructional content (the knowledge and skills that they emphasize) more often than pedagogy (how they engage students around instructional content). As a result, didactic instruction dominates, especially in predominantly low-income and African American schools, in a policy environment that encourages addressing racial and class achievement gaps by increasing the use of interactive forms of instruction. The author concludes that researchers should be cautious not to overstate the impact of these policies on pedagogy and educational equity.

scholarly journals The impact of participation in employment-based retirement savings plans on material hardship

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-428
Author(s):  
BRADLEY T. HEIM ◽  
SHANTHI P. RAMNATH
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Material Hardship ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTo contribute to a retirement plan (barring an increase in income), an individual must either reduce consumption or increase debt. Using data from the 2004 wave of the Survey of Income and Program Participation, we examine the extent to which contributing to 401(k)-type accounts leads to an increase in short-term financial difficulties, particularly among low-income individuals. After instrumenting for plan take-up, we find that contributing to a 401(k) plan appears to have a small positive impact on the presence of any material hardship and debt holding among the lowest income quintiles, though that effect diminishes further up the income distribution.

Population Movements and Security

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Goldstone
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Military ◽  
Elite Recruitment ◽  
The Impact

Population movements can affect security in a variety of ways. Aside from altering a society’s overall balance of population and physical resources, they exert a considerable influence on the institutions of society—the state, elite recruitment and social status, the military, labor organizations and peasant villages—in a way that undermines political and social order. The consequences of population movements for security can also be seen in differential population growth and migration, differential aging of different populations, and issues of resource allocation and climate change. The work of T. R. Malthus in the early nineteenth century advanced the argument that more people would put an undesirable burden on societies, and weaken them. Julian Simon turned the Malthusian argument on its head with his claim that people were the “ultimate resource,” and that the more people were around to work on solving the globe’s problems, the more likely it was that powerful solutions would be found. The debate between Malthusians, represented by Paul Ehrlich, and Cornucopians, represented by Simon, from the 1960s to the 1990s was primarily about the impact of population on economic growth. In the 1990s, a new direction emerged in the debate on population and security. This was the argument that population growth would lead to local shortages of critical resources such as farmland, water, and timber, and that these could trigger internal conflicts and even civil wars. These conflicts arise only where states and economies are relatively weak and unable to respond to population growth.

Indigenous-Inspired Authorial Figures and Networks of Rural-Urban Migrants in The Fox from Up Above and the Fox from Down Below (1971), by José María Arguedas

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Javier Alonso Muñoz-Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Jose Maria Arguedas ◽  
Indigenous Identity ◽  
Indigenous Cultures ◽  
Artistic Integrity ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Literary Writing ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article discusses the representation of Indigenous-inspired authorial figures in The Fox from Up Above and the Fox from Down Below, by José María Arguedas. In the context of the 1960s Latin American Boom, Arguedas’s novel includes a reflection on the professionalization of literary writing, as well as the impact of commodification on Indigenous migrants in Chimbote. This article draws parallels between the diarist Arguedas (who defines himself as a nonprofessional writer attached to Indigenous cultures), the fishing entrepreneur Braschi (a mythical figure and the begetter of Chimbote’s industrialization), and the networks of rural-urban migrants (which assimilate the “gringo” Maxwell, performer of Andean folklore). As a model for Indigenous-inspired authorial figures, this article suggests the importance of Arguedas’s articles about the mestizo retablista Joaquín Lopez Antay, who defended the artistic integrity of his craftwork against economic demands. On that note, the networks of rural-urban migrants negotiate their standing in the modernizing process with a strong and flexible Indigenous identity.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teishan A. Latner
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Third World ◽  
Primary Case ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Social Upheaval ◽  
The Impact

Beginning with Stokely Carmichael’s appearance at the Organization of Latin American Solidarity conference in Havana in 1967, the Introduction traces the relationship between the Cuban Revolution and the multi-ethnic American Left, and the impact of this engagement upon U.S.-Cuba relations within the context of the Cold War, decolonization, and Third World nationalism. Focusing on the 1960s era, when America was engulfed in the social upheaval of Civil Rights and the Vietnam War, and concluding in the early 1990s, the Introduction argues that Cuba became the primary Third World influence on the U.S. Left for more than three decades. The Introduction briefly presents the book’s primary case studies, which include the formation of the Venceremos Brigade, the FBI’s surveillance of pro-Cuba activists, the airplane hijacking surge of 1968-1973, Cuban American leftwing activism, and Cuba’s provision of political asylum to U.S. activists.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document