A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF BIRTH WEIGHT DISCORDANCE AND PERINATAL OUTCOMES

Background: Pregnancy may increase the risk of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection because of pregnancy induced immune suppression. The objective of this study was to use a large population-based dataset to estimate the prevalence of HPV infection and its association with adverse outcomes among pregnant women. Methods: We analyzed Pregnancy Risk Monitoring System data from 2004-2011 (N=26,085) to estimate the self-reported HPV infection. Survey logistic procedures were used to examine the relationship between HPV infection and adverse perinatal outcomes. Results: Approximately 1.4% of women were estimated to have HPV infection during their pregnancy. The prevalence of adverse outcomes in this sample was preterm birth (8.4%), preeclampsia (7.5%), low birth weight (6.3%) and premature rupture of membranes (2.8%). Compared to women without HPV infection, HPV infection positive women were much more likely to have had other infections such as chlamydia (9.23% vs. 2.12%, p-value <.0001), Group B Strep (21.7% vs. 10.04%, p-value <.0001), and herpes (7.17% vs. 1.07%, p-value <.0001). After adjusting for other risk factors including other infections, HPV infection was significantly associated with low birth weight (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.14-3.30). Conclusion: The study indicated a potential association between HPV infection and low birth weight. Because pregnant women with HPV infection are at higher risk of other infections, future research may focus on the roles of co-infection in the development of adverse perinatal effects.

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Brain death in pregnancy: a systematic review focusing on perinatal outcomes

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1016/j.ajog.2021.01.033 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Gaia Dodaro ◽

Anna Seidenari ◽

Ignazio R. Marino ◽

Vincenzo Berghella ◽

Federica Bellussi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Brain Death ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

In Pregnancy

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Comparison of adverse perinatal outcomes between Asians and Caucasians: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-020-03467-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Na Zeng ◽

Erica Erwin ◽

Wendy Wen ◽

Daniel J. Corsi ◽

Shi Wu Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Population Based ◽

Adverse Perinatal Outcomes

Abstract Background Racial disparities in adverse perinatal outcomes have been studied in other countries, but little has been done for the Canadian population. In this study, we sought to examine the disparities in adverse perinatal outcomes between Asians and Caucasians in Ontario, Canada. Methods We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study that included all Asian and Caucasian women who attended a prenatal screening and resulted in a singleton birth in an Ontario hospital (April 1st, 2015-March 31st, 2017). Generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the independent adjusted relative risks and adjusted risk difference of adverse perinatal outcomes for Asians compared with Caucasians. Results Among 237,293 eligible women, 31% were Asian and 69% were Caucasian. Asians were at an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, placental previa, early preterm birth (< 32 weeks), preterm birth, emergency cesarean section, 3rd and 4th degree perineal tears, low birth weight (< 2500 g, < 1500 g), small-for-gestational-age (<10th percentile, <3rd percentile), neonatal intensive care unit admission, and hyperbilirubinemia requiring treatment, but had lower risks of preeclampsia, macrosomia (birth weight > 4000 g), large-for-gestational-age neonates, 5-min Apgar score < 7, and arterial cord pH ≤7.1, as compared with Caucasians. No difference in risk of elective cesarean section was observed between Asians and Caucasians. Conclusion There are significant differences in several adverse perinatal outcomes between Asians and Caucasians. These differences should be taken into consideration for clinical practices due to the large Asian population in Canada.

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Milk Feeding and Short-Term Growth in Preterm and Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13062089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 2089

Author(s):

Machiko Suganuma ◽

Alice R. Rumbold ◽

Jacqueline Miller ◽

Yan Fong Chong ◽

Carmel T. Collins

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Human Milk ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Preterm Formula ◽

Meta Analyses

Human milk (HM) is the gold standard for feeding infants but has been associated with slower growth in preterm infants compared with preterm formula. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarises the post-1990 literature to examine the effect of HM feeding on growth during the neonatal admission of preterm infants with birth weight ≤1500 g and/or born ≤28 weeks’ gestation. Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched, and comparisons were grouped as exclusive human milk (EHM) vs. exclusive preterm formula (EPTF), any HM vs. EPTF, and higher vs. lower doses of HM. We selected studies that used fortified HM and compared that with a PTF; studies comparing unfortified HM and term formula were excluded. Experimental and observational studies were pooled separately. The GRADE system was used to evaluate risk of bias and certainty of evidence. Forty-four studies were included with 37 (n = 9963 infants) included in the meta-analyses. In general, due to poor quality studies, evidence of the effect of any HM feeds or higher versus lower doses of HM was inconclusive. There was a possible effect that lower doses of HM compared with higher doses of HM improved weight gain during the hospital admission, and separately, a possible effect of increased head circumference growth in infants fed EPTF vs. any HM. The clinical significance of this is unclear. There was insufficient evidence to determine the effects of an exclusive HM diet on any outcomes.

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