Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in out-of-home care

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Barber ◽  
P.H. Delfabbro ◽  
L. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Court Order ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Alternative Care ◽  
Home Placement ◽  
Aboriginal Children

A full year’s intake of 38 Aboriginal children and 198 non-Aboriginal children referred for a new out-of-home placement in South Australia were studied as part of the first phase of a 3-year longitudinal study into the outcomes of alternative care. The baseline profile of this cohort revealed a number of significant racial and geographical differences between the children. Among the most important of these was an interaction between race and geographical location on length of time in care which indicated that Aboriginal children from metropolitan areas and non-Aboriginal children from rural areas had the longest histories of alternative care. In addition, Aboriginal children in metropolitan areas were the least likely to be referred into care for reasons of emotional abuse or neglect, no doubt because so many of them were already in alternative care at the time of the referral. Metropolitan Aboriginal children were also the unhealthiest and, together with rural non-Aborigines, the most likely to be under a court order at the time of placement. Overall, results are consistent with the proposition that metropolitan Aboriginal children and rural non-Aboriginal children are the most reliant on the formal alternative care system.

scholarly journals Breaking Up and a New Beginning When One’s Partner Goes into a Nursing Home: An Interview Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
Gerd Ahlström ◽  
Nina Stååhl Markeling ◽  
Ulrika Liljenberg ◽  
Helena Rosén
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Nursing Home Care ◽  
New Beginning ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Home Placement

In aging societies worldwide, spouses take on great responsibility for care when their partner continues to live at home. Nursing home placement occurs when the partner becomes too frail due to multimorbidity, and this will cause a change in the spouse’s life. This study aimed to explore the spouse’s experience of their partner’s move to a nursing home. Two interviews were conducted at 9-month intervals within the project entitled “Implementation of Knowledge-Based Palliative Care in Nursing Homes”. Thirteen spouses from both urban and rural areas were included, with an age-range of 60–86 years (median 72). Qualitative content analysis was performed. The main findings were captured in two themes: Breaking up of close coexistence and Towards a new form of daily life. The first encompassed processing loneliness, separation and grief, exhaustion, increased burden, and a sense of guilt. The second encompassed a sense of freedom, relief, acceptance, support and comfort. Professionals in both home care and nursing home care need to develop and provide a support programme conveying knowledge of the transition process to prevent poor quality of life and depression among the spouses. Such a programme should be adaptable to individual needs and should ideally be drawn up in consultation with both partners.

scholarly journals Being Able to Stay or Learning to Stay: a Study of Rural Boys’ Educational Orientations and Transitions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria Stenseth ◽  
Unn-Doris K. Bæck
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Upper Secondary School ◽  
Upper Secondary Education ◽  
Upper Secondary ◽  
Educational Orientations

AbstractThis study explores the influence of geographical location on young pupils’ educational orientations and their transition from lower to upper secondary school; it pays particular attention to the voices of male youths from a rural area. More specifically, it investigates the interplay between gender and geographical contexts and the significance of these factors in understanding the processes associated with educational orientations. Margaret Archer’s framework is used to analyse how pupils’ agency is constrained and/or enabled by objective structures. The data material consists of qualitative interviews with 18 pupils transitioning from lower to upper secondary school in Norway. Each of the pupils was interviewed twice: first when they were in their last year of lower secondary education, and then during their first year of upper secondary education. The findings show that pupils consider geographical locations when making decisions about further education and work. In addition, they believe that education beyond compulsory schooling benefits their life in the rural areas. However, unlike their urban counterparts, pupils from rural areas appear to have a more constraining transition to upper secondary education. Through the analyses in this article, it becomes clear that both geographical location and gender are key factors for understanding processes connected to education.

The Rural-Urban Continuum of Polarization: Understanding the Geography of the 2018 Midterms

The Forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Johnson ◽  
Dante J. Scala
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rural America ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Urban America ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Continuum

Abstract This study of the 2018 congressional midterms demonstrates how voting patterns and political attitudes vary across a spectrum of urban and rural areas in the United States. Rural America is no more a monolith than is urban America. The rural-urban gradient is better represented by a continuum than a dichotomy. This is evident in the voting results in 2018, just as it was in 2016. We found that the political tipping point lies beyond major metropolitan areas, in the suburban counties of smaller metropolitan areas. Democrats enjoyed even greater success in densely populated urban areas in 2018 than in 2016. Residents of these urban areas display distinctive and consistent social and political attitudes across a range of scales. At the other end of the continuum in remote rural areas, Republican candidates continued to command voter support despite the challenging national political environment. Voters in these rural regions expressed social and political attitudes diametrically opposed to their counterparts in large urban cores.

scholarly journals Joint Estimation of the Characteristics and Intensity of Poverty in Spain: The Case of Imputed Rent

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. Calvo ◽  
Cristina Sánchez ◽  
Pedro Cortiñas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Joint Estimation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Heckman Model ◽  
Poor Population ◽  
Imputed Rent

In 2007 the Spanish National Institute of Statistics modified the methodological approach to the Survey of Income and Living Conditions and included an estimate of Imputed Rent. It removes one of the main criticisms of Spanish poverty studies since this variable is associated with home ownership, and because more than 80% of Spanish families are homeowners, its exclusion biased the estimates of the size of Spain's poor population and poverty intensity. We estimate a Heckman model with a selection equation in which the dependent variable is the probability of being poor, and a truncated regression to explain poverty intensity. Our findings have at least two economic policy implications: Spanish social policy against poverty should take into account geographical differences but, at the same time, should consider Imputed Rent. Without this variable efforts should concentrate in Spanish less developed regions and rural areas, but if we include it poverty increases in urban population. The article has also reveals that most retired people cannot be considered poor if we take into account wealth (imputed rent included) instead of current income (pension).

Giardia carriage in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children attending urban day-care centres in South Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
T. R. GRIMMOND ◽  
A. J. RADFORD ◽  
T. BROWNRIDGE ◽  
A. FARSHID ◽  
C. HARRIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Day Care ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Day Care Centres ◽  
Aboriginal Children

ON THE ISSUE OF CREATING TOURIST CLUSTERS IN KHMELNYTSKYI REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Olesia Dolynska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Green Tourism ◽  
The Creation

Important issues in the development of regional tourism are the provision of tourist services, formation of the market of services and infrastructure improvement. The creation of clusters in the tourism sector remains relevant. From the standpoint of geographical science, the formation of tourist clusters is quite studied. The tourist potential of Khmelnytskyi region first of all includes the objects of nature reserve and historical-cultural funds available in the regional territory, which have not been involved in tourist activity yet. They are the basis for the formation of new tourist attractions, which can be used for the development of rural tourism, job creation, finding sources of income for newly formed territorial communities in order to obtain a positive effect from their formation. It is established that the synergetic effect promotes the creation of clusters with similar specialization. Determining the prospects of the tourist cluster of Khmelnytskyi region, special attention should be paid to such a form of tourism as rural (green) tourism. Extensive implementation of green tourism in the practice of newly formed united territorial communities in the region will provide additional resources to enhance their socio-economic development. Especially relevant tourist and recreational activities are in the buffer zones of national nature parks and landscape Regional Park, which are located in the Khmelnytskyi region. It is described that the material and technical base of tourism consists of: temporary accommodation facilities; specialized transport companies; tourist and excursion institutions and their subdivisions; information and advertising services; enterprises for the production and sale of tourist goods. Social infrastructure is also important for the organization of high-quality recreation for tourists: the availability of housing and communal services, cultural and household services, health care, and trade. From the standpoint of traditional economic and geographical complex formation, all factors of tourist complexes are divided into two major groups: socio-economic (labor, transport, trade and catering, souvenirs, city tourist development) and natural (geographical location, nature surface area, air temperature) etc. Many scholars, as the main social factors in the development of the tourist complex distinguish: socio-cultural: cultural-historical (architectural-historical) resources, settlement, administrative-territorial division; production and economic: labor resources, the structure of the city's economy, sources of environmental pollution, transport, land resources. Analysis of the location of these factors from the standpoint of social geography will justify measures aimed at enhancing the development of tourism in the regional tourism complex. Mass tourism is possible only if the needs of travelers in food and accommodation are met. Relevant facilities should have a range of hygiene and waste disposal facilities for tourists. Therefore, it is important, especially in rural areas, to provide in the plans of socio-economic development and general schemes of rural development places for temporary stay of tourists, appropriate infrastructure facilities, to reserve land for their arrangement. The analysis of the possibilities of Khmelnytskyi region in the tourist market of Ukraine showed that it occupies the middle places. This is due to the transit transport and geographical location. Within this region there is a clear polarization of tourism development, which determines the spatial features of the regional tourist complex development. Key words: tourist cluster, Khmelnytskyi region, green tourism, socio-economic development of the region.

scholarly journals Changing boundaries: Overcoming modifiable areal unit problems related to unemployment data in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol Volume 112 (Number 3/4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Weir-Smith ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Areal Unit ◽  
Areal Interpolation ◽  
Unemployment Data ◽  
Municipal Boundaries ◽  
Longitudinal Comparison

Abstract The longitudinal comparison of census data in spatial format is often problematic because of changes in administrative boundaries. Such shifting boundaries are referred to as the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). This article utilises unemployment data between 1991 and 2007 in South Africa to illustrate the challenge and proposes ways to overcome it. Various censuses in South Africa use different reporting geographies. Unemployment data for magisterial districts of census 1991 and 1996 were re-modelled to the 2005 municipal boundaries. This article showed that areal interpolation to a common administrative boundary could overcome these reporting obstacles. The results confirmed more accurate interpolations in rural areas with standard errors below 3300. Conversely, the largest errors were recorded in the metropolitan areas. Huge increases in unemployment between 1996 and 2001 statistics were also evident, especially in the metropolitan areas. Although such areas are more complex in nature, making it more difficult to accurately calculate census data, the increase in unemployment could also be the result of census taking methods. The article concludes that socio-economic data should be available at the smallest possible geographic area to ensure more accurate results in interpolation. It also recommends that new output areas be conceptualised to create a seamless database of census data from 1991 to 2011 in South Africa.

Creative Networks in Regional Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Gibson ◽  
Daniel Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Original Intent ◽  
Neoliberal Reform ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Job Growth

Much recent academic and public discourse has centred on the fate of non-metropolitan Australia under successive federal neoliberal reform agendas. This paper discusses creative networks in non-metropolitan areas in light of this, with a focus on issues of youth unemployment and out-migration. First, it draws on research on creative industry development on the New South Wales Far North Coast to assess the efficacy of creative networks as a source of new job growth in rural areas. Second, and more broadly, the paper discusses the North Coast Entertainment Industry Association (NCEIA), a nascent creative network in the region. Several observations are drawn from its experiences. Creative networks in non-metropolitan areas face problems of informal and itinerant membership, and anti-socialisation attitudes, Yet they appear to have a substantial role in improving the conditions of viability for vulnerable cultural producers. When conceived as part of interventionist strategies to promote youth employment and to stem the youth exodus from rural areas, they may also have sociodemographic implications beyond the scope of their original intent.

scholarly journals Shaping the Common Ground: State-Building, the Railway Network, and Regional Development in Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-296
Author(s):  
Eduard J. Alvarez-Palau ◽  
Jordi Martí-Henneberg
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
The Common ◽  
Municipal Level

Transport infrastructure played a key role in redefining Finland’s economic geography. An empirical investigation involving new gis databases that combine data about railways, population, and administrative boundaries at the municipal level between 1870 and 2000 permits the identification of three main phases of railway expansion: The first phase was a concentration of railways around Helsinki; the second, the construction of a grid-based national railway network, which coincided with a spread of the population into rural areas; and the third, an expansion of the railway into local networks when Finland’s industry began to coalesce around metropolitan areas.

scholarly journals Quality Regulation? Access to High-Quality Specialists for Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries in California

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 233339281882447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon F. Haeder
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
Medicare Advantage ◽  
Provider Choice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quality Regulation ◽  
Provider Quality ◽  
Provider Networks ◽  
Individual Provider

Medicare Advantage enrollment has seen tremendous growth over the past decade. However, we know comparatively little about the experience of beneficiaries in the program. Our knowledge of Medicare Advantage provider networks is particularly limited. This article is one of the first major assessments of the issue. It seeks to answer 3 important questions. First, are Medicare Advantage plan networks made up of higher quality providers? Second, how significant are the network restrictions imposed by Medicare Advantage plans with regard to access to higher quality providers? And finally, how much provider choice are Medicare Advantage beneficiaries left with? To assess these questions, I utilize geospatial data and individual provider quality measures for cardiologists, endocrinologists, and obstetricians and gynecologists from California. I find that Medicare Advantage beneficiaries generally do well in large metropolitan areas compared to traditional Medicare. However, there are concerns for those in micropolitan and rural areas, and even those in standard metropolitan areas, at times. Crucially, the connection between provider quality and networks can only be fully understood when connected to assessments of provider access. These findings also raise questions about how we think about provider networks and the adequacy of current approaches to network regulation.

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