A longitudinal study examining the independence of apathy and depression after stroke: the Sydney Stroke Study

ABSTRACTBackground: There is growing recognition that apathy is not only a symptom of depression but may be an independent syndrome. This is the first study to investigate the relationship of apathy and depression longitudinally following stroke and to examine the association with dementia.Method: 106 consecutive eligible participants following stroke received extensive medical, psychiatric and neuropsychological assessments at three to six months (index assessment) and 15 months (follow-up assessment) after their stroke. A subset of participants received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at index assessment. Ratings were made for DSM-IV major or minor depression and for apathy using the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES).Results: While there was no significant overlap between apathy and depression at index assessment (OR = 1.79, 95% CI 0.48, 6.66), the overlap was significant a year later (OR = 7.75, 95% CI 2.60, 23.13). Dementia at index assessment was a common risk factor for both apathy and depression at follow-up (OR = 12.45, 95% CI 2.98, 52.02 and OR = 10.35, 95% CI 2.84, 37.72, respectively).Conclusions: Apathy and depression after stroke have a common predictor and overlap longitudinally. The overlap might be due to cumulative vascular pathology and because of the relationship of each of these syndromes to dementia, which was an important, possibly causal, predictor for both.

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The relationship between myocardial and hepatic T2 and T2* at 1.5T and 3T MRI in normal and iron-overloaded patients

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/0284185117715285 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 355-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Supika Kritsaneepaiboon ◽

Natee Ina ◽

Thirachit Chotsampancharoen ◽

Supaporn Roymanee ◽

Sirichai Cheewatanakornkul

Keyword(s):

Iron Concentration ◽

Liver Iron ◽

3T Mri ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Asymptomatic Patients ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Best Fit

Background Cardiac and liver iron assessment using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is non-invasive and used as a preclinical “endpoint” in asymptomatic patients and for serial iron measurements in iron-overloaded patients. Purpose To compare iron measurements between hepatic and myocardial T2* and T2 at 1.5T and 3T MRI in normal and iron-overloaded patients. Material and Methods The T2 and T2* values from the regions of interest (ROIs) at mid-left ventricle and mid-hepatic slices were evaluated by 1.5T and 3T MRI scans for healthy and iron-overloaded patients. Results For iron-overloaded patients, the myocardial T2 (1.5T) and myocardial T2 (3T) values were 60.3 ms (range = 56.2–64.8 ms) and 55 ms (range = 51.6–60.1 ms) (ρ = 0.3679) while the myocardial T2* (3T) 20.5 ms (range = 18.4–25.9 ms) was shorter than the myocardial T2* (1.5T) 35.9 ms (range = 31.4–39.5 ms) (ρ = 0.6454). The hepatic T2 at 1.5T and 3T were 19.1 ms (range = 14.8–27.9 ms) and 15.5 ms (14.6–20.4 ms) (ρ = 0.9444) and the hepatic T2* at 1.5T and 3T were 2.7 ms (range = 1.8–5.6 ms) and 1.8 ms (range = 1.1–2.9 ms) (ρ = 0.9826). The line of best fit exhibiting the linearity of the hepatic T2* (1.5T) and hepatic T2* (3T) had a slope of 2 and an intercept of –0.387 ms (R = 0.984). Conclusion Our study found myocardial T2 (1.5T) nearly equal to T2 (3T) with myocardial T2* (3T) 1.75 shorter than myocardial T2* (1.5T). The relationship of hepatic T2* (1.5T) and hepatic T2* (3T) was linear with T2* (1.5T) approximately double to T2* (3T) in iron-overloaded patients. This linear relationship between hepatic T2* (1.5T) and hepatic T2 (3T) could be an alternative method for estimating liver iron concentration (LIC) from 3T.

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Localisation in PET Images: Direct Fitting of the Intercommissural (AC—PC) Line

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.1989.97 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 690-695 ◽

Cited By ~ 217

Author(s):

K. J. Friston ◽

R. E. Passingham ◽

J. G. Nutt ◽

J. D. Heather ◽

G. V. Sawle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Angular Displacement ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Total Brain ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Line Passing ◽

Occipital Pole ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Brain

A technique is described for estimating the position of the intercommisural line (AC–PC line) directly from landmarks on positron emission tomographic (PET) images, namely the ventral aspects of the anterior and posterior corpus callosum, the thalamus, and occipital pole. The relationship of this estimate to the true AC–PC line, fitted through the centres of the anterior and posterior commissures, showed minimal vertical and angular displacement when measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Using regression analysis, the ease and reliability of fitting to these points was found to be high. This directly derived AC–PC line estimate was validated in terms of the assumptions used in the method of Fox et al. The ratio of distance between the AC–PC line and a line passing through the base of the inion (GI line) to total brain height was 0.21, as predicted. The technique has been further validated by localizing focal activation of the sensorimotor cortex. The technique is discussed in terms of absolute limits to localization of structures in the brain using noninvasive tomographic techniques in general and PET in particular.

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A Decade of Disparities in Diabetes Technology Use and HbA1c in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Trans-Atlantic Comparison

10.2337/figshare.12808301 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ananta Addala ◽

Marie Auzanneau ◽

Kellee Miller ◽

Werner Maier ◽

Nicole Foster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Technology Use ◽

Hemoglobin A1c ◽

Diabetes Technology ◽

Design And Methods ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes

Objective: As diabetes technology use in youth increases worldwide, inequalities in access may exacerbate disparities in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). We hypothesized an increasing gap in diabetes technology use by socioeconomic status (SES) would be associated with increased HbA1c disparities. Research Design and Methods: Participants aged <18 years with diabetes duration ≥1 year in the Type 1 Diabetes Exchange (T1DX, US, n=16,457) and Diabetes Prospective Follow-up (DPV, Germany, n=39,836) registries were categorized into lowest (Q1) to highest (Q5) SES quintiles. Multiple regression analyses compared the relationship of SES quintiles with diabetes technology use and HbA1c from 2010-2012 and 2016-2018. Results: HbA1c was higher in participants with lower SES (in 2010-2012 & 2016-2018, respectively: 8.0% & 7.8% in Q1 and 7.6% & 7.5% in Q5 for DPV; and 9.0% & 9.3% in Q1 and 7.8% & 8.0% in Q5 for T1DX). For DPV, the association between SES and HbA1c did not change between the two time periods, whereas for T1DX, disparities in HbA1c by SES increased significantly (p<0.001). After adjusting for technology use, results for DPV did not change whereas the increase in T1DX was no longer significant. Conclusions: Although causal conclusions cannot be drawn, diabetes technology use is lowest and HbA1c is highest in those of the lowest SES quintile in the T1DX and this difference for HbA1c broadened in the last decade. Associations of SES with technology use and HbA1c were weaker in the DPV registry.

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Brain atrophy and clinical characteristics predicting SDMT performance in multiple sclerosis: A 10-year follow-up study

Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental Translational and Clinical ◽

10.1177/2055217321992394 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 205521732199239

Author(s):

Cecilie Jacobsen ◽

Robert Zivadinov ◽

Kjell-Morten Myhr ◽

Turi O Dalaker ◽

Ingvild Dalen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Data ◽

Grey Matter Volume ◽

Lesion Volume ◽

Information Processing Speed ◽

Disability Status ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Patients At Risk ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Specific Volumes

Objectives To identify Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), clinical and demographic biomarkers predictive of worsening information processing speed (IPS) as measured by Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Methods Demographic, clinical data and 1.5 T MRI scans were collected in 76 patients at time of inclusion, and after 5 and 10 years. Global and tissue-specific volumes were calculated at each time point. For the primary outcome of analysis, SDMT was used. Results Worsening SDMT at 5-year follow-up was predicted by baseline age, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), SDMT, whole brain volume (WBV) and T2 lesion volume (LV), explaining 30.2% of the variance of SDMT. At 10-year follow-up, age, EDSS, grey matter volume (GMV) and T1 LV explained 39.4% of the variance of SDMT change. Conclusion This longitudinal study shows that baseline MRI-markers, demographic and clinical data can help predict worsening IPS. Identification of patients at risk of IPS decline is of importance as follow-up, treatment and rehabilitation can be optimized.

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Cross-sectional analysis of follow-up chest MRI and chest CT scans in patients previously affected by COVID-19

La radiologia medica ◽

10.1007/s11547-021-01390-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Martina Pecoraro ◽

Stefano Cipollari ◽

Livia Marchitelli ◽

Emanuele Messina ◽

Maurizio Del Monte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chest Ct ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Imaging Biomarker ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

Ct And Mri ◽

Interlobular Septal Thickening

Abstract Purpose The aim of the study was to prospectively evaluate the agreement between chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) and to assess the diagnostic performance of chest MRI relative to that of CT during the follow-up of patients recovered from coronavirus disease 2019. Materials and methods Fifty-two patients underwent both follow-up chest CT and MRI scans, evaluated for ground-glass opacities (GGOs), consolidation, interlobular septal thickening, fibrosis, pleural indentation, vessel enlargement, bronchiolar ectasia, and changes compared to prior CT scans. DWI/ADC was evaluated for signal abnormalities suspicious for inflammation. Agreement between CT and MRI was assessed with Cohen’s k and weighted k. Measures of diagnostic accuracy of MRI were calculated. Results The agreement between CT and MRI was almost perfect for consolidation (k = 1.00) and change from prior CT (k = 0.857); substantial for predominant pattern (k = 0.764) and interlobular septal thickening (k = 0.734); and poor for GGOs (k = 0.339), fibrosis (k = 0.224), pleural indentation (k = 0.231), and vessel enlargement (k = 0.339). Meanwhile, the sensitivity of MRI was high for GGOs (1.00), interlobular septal thickening (1.00), and consolidation (1.00) but poor for fibrotic changes (0.18), pleural indentation (0.23), and vessel enlargement (0.50) and the specificity was overall high. DWI was positive in 46.0% of cases. Conclusions The agreement between MRI and CT was overall good. MRI was very sensitive for GGOs, consolidation and interlobular septal thickening and overall specific for most findings. DWI could be a reputable imaging biomarker of inflammatory activity.

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Investigation of the Correlation between Postherpetic Itch and Neuropathic Pain over Time

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2018/9305126 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rie Ishikawa ◽

Masako Iseki ◽

Rie Koga ◽

Eiichi Inada

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Herpes Zoster ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Visual Analog Scale ◽

Analog Scale ◽

Paindetect Questionnaire ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Over Time

Postherpetic itch (PHI), or herpes zoster itch, is an intractable and poorly understood disease. We targeted 94 herpes zoster patients to investigate their pain and itch intensities at three separate stages of the condition (acute, subacute, and chronic). We used painDETECT questionnaire (PDQ) scores to investigate the correlation between PHI and neuropathic pain. Seventy-six patients were able to complete follow-up surveys. The prevalence of PHI was 47/76 (62%), 28/76 (37%), and 34/76 (45%) at the acute, subacute, and chronic stages, respectively. PHI manifestation times and patterns varied. We investigated the relationship of PHI with neuropathic pain using the visual analog scale (VAS), which is a measure of pain intensity, and the PDQ, which is a questionnaire used to evaluate the elements of neuropathic pain. The VAS and PDQ scores did not differ significantly between PHI-positive and PHI-negative patients. A large neuropathic component was not found for herpes zoster itch, suggesting that neuropathic pain treatments may not able to adequately control the itch. Accordingly, we suggest that a more PHI-focused therapy is required to address this condition.

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The Relationship of Left Ventricular Trabeculation to Ventricular Function and Structure Over a 9.5-Year Follow-Up

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.jacc.2014.08.035 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 64 (19) ◽

pp. 1971-1980 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

Filip Zemrak ◽

Mark A. Ahlman ◽

Gabriella Captur ◽

Saidi A. Mohiddin ◽

Nadine Kawel-Boehm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ventricular Function ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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Autism Profiles of Males With Fragile X Syndrome

American Journal on Mental Retardation ◽

10.1352/2008.113:427-438 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 113 (6) ◽

pp. 427-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 251

Author(s):

Susan W. Harris ◽

David Hessl ◽

Beth Goodlin-Jones ◽

Jessica Ferranti ◽

Susan Bacalman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fragile X Syndrome ◽

Fragile X ◽

Autism Diagnosis ◽

Cgg Repeat ◽

Molecular Features ◽

Fmr1 Mrna ◽

Two Measures ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Autism, which is common in individuals with fragile X syndrome, is often difficult to diagnose. We compared the diagnostic classifications of two measures for autism diagnosis, the ADOS and the ADI-R, in addition to the DSM-IV-TR in 63 males with this syndrome. Overall, 30% of the subjects met criteria for autistic disorder and 30% met criteria for PDD-NOS. The classifications on the ADOS and DSM-IV-TR were most similar, whereas the ADI-R classified subjects as autistic much more frequently. We further investigated the relationship of both FMRP and FMR1 mRNA to symptoms of autism in this cohort and found no significant relationship between the measures of autism and molecular features, including FMRP, FMR1 mRNA, and CGG repeat number.

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Influence of uric acid on the correlation between waist circumference and triglyceride glucose index: an analysis from CHARLS

Lipids in Health and Disease ◽

10.1186/s12944-021-01474-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jia Zheng ◽

Min Jiang ◽

Yanxia Xie

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Mediation Effects ◽

Panel Model ◽

Triglyceride Glucose Index ◽

Study Population ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Longitudinal Relationships

Abstract Background Waist circumference (WC) and uric acid (UA) are significantly related. Still, their temporal sequence and how the sequence works on future risk of triglyceride glucose (TyG) are unknown, especially in the Chinese population. Methods Cross-lagged panel model was used to analyze the reciprocal, longitudinal relationships among a set of interrelated variables. The mediation model was constructed to test the effect of the relationship between WC and UA on TyG. Results A total of 5727 subjects were enrolled in our study population, of which 53.5% were women, and the mean age was 59.0 (standard deviation, 8.62) years. After adjusting for traditional confounding factors, the results showed that a higher level of baseline WC was significantly associated with a higher level of follow-up UA (β = 0.003, P = 0.031) and follow-up TyG (β = 0.003, P < 0.001);. Simultaneously, there was no statistical association between the level of baseline UA and the level of follow-up WC (β = − 0.009, P = 0.951). The mediation effects of UA on WC-TyG were estimated to be 18.1% in adults, and 36.2% in women. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that higher baseline level of WC probably preceded UA’ level in general population. In addition, UA mediated the relationship of WC to TyG, especially in females. And the possible mechanism would require further clarification.

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