Expanding the mind – growing the brain . . .

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-889
Author(s):  
Craig Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

What does learning to juggle, to golf, to drive, and to be a doctor all have in common? Valkanova and colleagues, in our editors’ choice for “paper of the month,” note the impact they have on gray matter growth.

scholarly journals Agency, Responsibility, Selves, and the Mechanical Mind

Philosophies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Fiorella Battaglia
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Technology ◽  
Extended Mind ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Third Person Perspective ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Moral issues arise not only when neural technology directly influences and affects people’s lives, but also when the impact of its interventions indirectly conceptualizes the mind in new, and unexpected ways. It is the case that theories of consciousness, theories of subjectivity, and third person perspective on the brain provide rival perspectives addressing the mind. Through a review of these three main approaches to the mind, and particularly as applied to an “extended mind”, the paper identifies a major area of transformation in philosophy of action, which is understood in terms of additional epistemic devices—including a legal perspective of regulating the human–machine interaction and a personality theory of the symbiotic connection between human and machine. I argue this is a new area of concern within philosophy, which will be characterized in terms of self-objectification, which becomes “alienation” following Ernst Kapp’s philosophy of technology. The paper argues that intervening in the brain can affect how we conceptualize the mind and modify its predicaments.

Experimental Carbon Dioxide Laser Brain Lesions and Intracranial Dynamics: Part 2

Neurosurgery ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-457
Author(s):  
Ernesto G. Tiznado ◽  
Hector E. James ◽  
Susan Moore
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Brain Water Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Water

Abstract Experimental brain lesions were created over the left parietooccipital cortex of the albino rabbit through the intact dura mater with high radiating carbon dioxide laser energy (40-W impact, 0.5-second duration, for a total time of 4 seconds on a 12.5-mm surface). The brain water content was studied 2, 6, and 24 hours after the insult. Another two groups of animals received acute therapy with either dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) or furosemide (1 mg/kg). In all groups, Evans blue extravasation uniformly extended from the impact crater into the surrounding white matter. The brain water content in the gray matter was elevated from the control value by 2 hours after impact (P < 0.005) and remained elevated at 6 and 24 hours. The white matter brain water content did not increase until 6 hours after impact and remained elevated in the 24-hour group (P < 0.005). After dexamethasone treatment, there was a significant decrease of water in the gray matter (P < 0.01), but not in the white matter. With furosemide therapy, there was no reduction of gray or white matter brain water.

scholarly journals Intervensi Inklusif Sukan Terhadap Murid Gangguan Kecelaruan Tumpuan dan Hiperaktif (ADHD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-143
Author(s):  
Mohd Arshad Yahya ◽  
Mohd Firdaus Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Time ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Special Education Program ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a form of disruption to the brain often experienced by growing children. ADHD children are often labelled as naughty by some. There are several forms of treatment that can be taken against this disorder such as the use of medication. However, the use of medicine will side effect such as loss appetite, disrupting sleep time and anxiety. This study was conducted by observing and recording anecdotes as a means of collecting data. The subject was an ADHD student who had undergone academic inclusiveness and also a special need athlete. The purpose of the study was to explore the effects of sports inclusive intervention on the negative, physical behaviour and social of the student. The findings of the study show that sports inclusion interventions can reduce the negative behaviour of ADHD students and can be an alternative to medication treatment. The effect of this intervention is more harmonious with no side effects and impact for a long time. Sports activities also have goals such as the Individual Teaching Plan concept. In Malaysia, sports intervention is quite new in the Integrated Special Education Program. The impact of this study is expected to open the mind of all parties to make sure that sport activities for special needs students is conducted for the purpose of treatment. The cooperation of all parties including parents is important in this alternative treatment.

The Neuroaesthetics of Architecture

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
Oshin Vartanian
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Environmental Psychology ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Data ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Aesthetic Preferences

Environmental psychology is concerned with understanding the impact of the environment—built and natural—on the mind. Neuroscience of architecture can contribute to this aim by elucidating the workings of the brain in relation to features of our physical environment. Toward that end, Vartanian et al. (2013) examined the impact of contour on aesthetic judgments and approach-avoidance decisions while viewing images of room interiors in the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. Participants found curvilinear rooms more beautiful than rectilinear rooms, and viewing curvilinear rooms in that context activated the anterior cingulate cortex—a region involved in processing emotion. That observation, coupled with the finding that pleasantness accounted for majority of variance in beauty judgments, supports the idea that our preference for curvilinear design is driven by affect. This study represents an example of how neural data can reveal mechanisms that underlie our aesthetic preferences in the domain of architecture.

scholarly journals Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-381 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

The mind involves the whole body and two-way communication between the brain and the cardiovascular, immune, and other systems via neural and endocrine mechanisms. Stress is a condition of the mind-body interaction, and a factor in the expression of disease that differs among individuals. It is notjust the dramatic stressful events that exact their toll, but rather the many events of daily life that elevate and sustain activities of physiological systems and cause sleep deprivation, overeating, and other health-damaging behaviors, producing the feeling of being "stressed out." Over time, this results in wear and tear on the body which is called "allostatic load," and it reflects not only the impact of life experiences but also of genetic load, individual lifestyle habits reflecting items such as diet, exercise, and substance abuse, and developmental experiences that set life-long patterns of behavior and physiological reactivity. Hormones associated with stress and allostatic load protect the body in the short run and promote adaptation by the process known as allostasis, but in the long run allostatic load causes changes in the body that can lead to disease. The brain is the key organ of stress, allostasis, and allostatic load, because it determines what is threatening and therefore stressful, and also determines the physiological and behavioral responses. Brain regions such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex respond to acute and chronic stress by undergoing structural remodeling, which alters behavioral and physiological responses. Translational studies in humans with structural and functional imaging reveal smaller hippocampal volume in stress-related conditions, such as mild cognitive impairment in aging and prolonged major depressive illness, as well as in individuals with low self-esteem. Alterations in amygdala and prefrontal cortex are also reported. Besides pharmaceuticals, approaches to alleviate chronic stress and reduce allostatic load and the incidence of diseases of modern life include lifestyle change, and policies of government and business that would improve the ability of individuals to reduce their own chronic stress burden.

scholarly journals What is the Correct Value for the Brain-Blood Partition Coefficient for Water?

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Herscovitch ◽  
Marcus E. Raichle
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Brain Water Content ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Water

A knowledge of the brain-blood partition coefficient (γ) for water is usually required for the measurement of CBF with [15O]water. The currently accepted value for whole-brain Λ, 0.95–0.96 ml/g, calculated from brain and blood water content data, is incorrect because in the calculation, the blood water content was not adjusted for the density of blood. The correct value is 0.90 ml/g. Variations in brain or blood water content affect Λ. Thus, Λ changes during development of the brain and varies regionally in it, even among different gray matter structures, owing to variation in brain water content. In addition, Λ would be expected to vary with the hematocrit, owing to changes in blood water content. The impact of using an incorrect value for Λ will depend on the sensitivity of the CBF measurement technique used to errors in Λ.

Psychopathic Personality and Social Responsibility

1954 ◽  
Vol 100 (421) ◽  
pp. 873-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Life ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Since there is little general agreement either on the nature of psychopathic personalities or on how to deal with the problems within organized society which their behaviour creates, we are justified in any attempt to present these problems in a new light and to examine the impact of recent work upon them. There is, moreover, an urgent need to clarify our own ideas on the subject in the hope that we can present them in practical form to those social agencies who so frequently meet with the psychopath as a perplexing hindrance to the smooth working of the State's affairs, whether in the schools, the courts, in industry, in the services or in any part of our national life in which planned co-operation is desirable. The psychopathic misfit for whom the increasing complexity of society has allowed no place, and for whom as yet science has found no certain remedy, often manifests his disability at least as much in a disorder of citizenship as in one of personal adjustment, and in no field of our work are we so constantly reminded that it is impossible to consider the patient in isolation from the milieu in which he must live. While the brain is a part, and the controlling, communicating part of the somatic mechanism, the concept of the mind of an individual is not so confined. In that the individual is a member of a group, part of his mental life belongs to that group and plays a part in forming its characteristics. In favourable circumstances this contribution is repaid by the guidance and support which membership of a group can provide. When an individual is so constituted that he is without the inward mechanisms necessary for the efficient working of this process of interchange, the result may be unhappiness for him or loss of harmony in the group. Thus, although it is to medical science that the appeal for an explanation or a remedy is most often made, the psychopathic personality is a responsibility which we must always share with the social sciences. Since the defect of personality is usually a constitutional one, the problems it creates are as likely to be solved by manipulation of the environment of the psychopath than by any effort to change his spots. This is not to say that the leopard in our kraal is not to be rendered more tame, or that he cannot be afforded the help of psychotherapeutic cosmetics, so long as the therapist in his preoccupation with the spots does not forget the savage heart that lies beneath them.

Lighting Up the Brain to Illuminate the Mind

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-716
Author(s):  
Ellen S. Berscheid
Keyword(s):  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain

How Does the Brain Make the Mind? We Do Not Know.

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Was
Keyword(s):  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain

Challenges and opportunities for the affective sciences.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Fox ◽  
Regina Lapate ◽  
Alexander J. Shackman ◽  
Richard J Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improved Methods ◽  
Health And Well Being

Emotion is a core feature of the human condition, with profound consequences for health, wealth, and wellbeing. Over the past quarter-century, improved methods for manipulating and measuring different features of emotion have yielded steady advances in our scientific understanding emotional states, traits, and disorders. Yet, it is clear that most of the work remains undone. Here, we highlight key challenges facing the field of affective sciences. Addressing these challenges will provide critical opportunities not just for understanding the mind, but also for increasing the impact of the affective sciences on public health and well-being.

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